فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال شانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 58، بهار 1399)

The aim of the present study, was to test a conceptual model of the mediating role of self-esteem instability on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, and self-handicapping components. This research was carried out in the framework of a correlational design. The participants were Three hundred and nine female students from University of Mazandaran who were selected by multi-stage clustered sampling. The participants completed the demographic form, The Self-Handicapping Scale, The Instability of Self-Esteem Scale, and The Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire–Short Form. Using maximum-likelihood estimation and bootstrap procedure, results from path analysis showed that the proposed model fitted the data well, and unrelenting standards/hyper criticalness, failure, and defectiveness/shame schemas through the mediating role of instability of self-esteem, had positive and significant effect on claimed and behavioral self-handicapping. According to the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that unrelenting standards/hyper criticalness, failure, and defectiveness/shame schemas can predict self-handicapping. Meanwhile, instability of self-esteem as a personal factor could clarify the mechanism of the effect of early maladaptive schemas on self-handicapping components. These results can be used to design counseling and therapeutic programs for students.

The aim of the present research was to examine the relationship between self-concept and defense mechanisms in adult separation anxiety disorder. The present research was performed with 380 students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and Islamic Azad University of Ardabil with convenience sampling method using Adult separation anxiety disorder, defense mechanism and self-concept scales. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation method and step way regression. The results showed that there were positive relationships between adult separation anxiety disorder with negative self-concept and negative relationship with positive self-concept, also, negative relationship with mature defense mechanism, and positive relationship with immature and neurotic defense mechanism. The results of the step way regression analysis showed that immature, neurotic, mature defense mechanisms and self-concept were predictors of adult separation anxiety disorder, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate the research evidence for more accurate diagnosis of this disorder and identify the psychoanalytic variables associated with it.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy with transactional analysis on reduction of the tendency to extramarital relationships among addicts. The research followed a semi-experimental methodology with pretest-posttest and a control group on a one month follow-up. Research population included all addicts visiting the rehabilitation center in Kermanshah in 2016. Purposive sampling was used to select 40 subjects in the age range of 25-50 years old who were randomly divided into two equal groups: an experimental group and a control group. Extramarital Relationships Questionnaire were used for collecting information. Group therapy interventions with transactional analysis were performed on the experimental group for 10 sessions of 2 hours (one session a week), while the control group waited 2 months to receive the intervention. The results of repeated measures Ancova showed that there is a significant difference between the rate of the tendency to extramarital relationships during post-test and follow-up. According to research results, group therapy with transactional analysis seems to be effective in reducing the tendency to extramarital relationships among addicts.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of the resiliency components training on mothers' resiliency and improving the communication skills of their children with autism disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers with children with autism disorder who referred to one of the counseling and psychological center in Tehran in year 2018, 30 of whom were selected by purposive non-probability sampling method and were divided into experimental and control groups by random assignment. The experimental group received the intervention of resiliency components training during 3 months with 12 sessions (90 minutes each). The control group received no training during the study. Research tools included Conner and Davidson Resilience Scale and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS). Data were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed that resiliency components training had a significant effect on mothers' resiliency and the communication skills of their children with autism disorder. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that resiliency components training can be used as an effective method to increase resiliency in mothers and improve the communication skills of their children with autism disorder.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation program on prospective and retrospective memory in students with hearing impairment. The present research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of students with hearing impairment in Isfahan city. The participants were 26 girl students with hearing impairment from Mir Deaf School using convenient sampling method. They were divided into experimental and control groups, each group consisting of 13 children. The experimental group received cognitive rehabilitation program in 10 sessions (two sessions weekly; each lasts for 50 minutes), while the control group did not participate in this program and kept in a waiting-list. The instrument was Crawford, Smith, Maylor, Della Sala and Logie Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results revealed that there was a significant increase in the mean prospective and retrospective memory scores of the experimental group post-intervention in comparison with the control group. The cognitive rehabilitation program improved prospective and retrospective memory of students with hearing impairment. So, planning for providing of cognitive rehabilitation program for them has particular importance.

This research was aimed to investigating the effect of assertiveness training on loneliness and social anxiety in female students with nomophobia disorder. The research was a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population included all the female high school students of Karaj in the first semester of 2018-2019 academic year. Via random cluster sampling method, 30 female students of high school third grade who had this disorder score of higher than the cut-off score (60) were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups each of which included 15 people. The subjects of the experimental group received the assertiveness training group program during eight 90-min sessions, 2 sessions a week. The control group was put in the waiting list. Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults DiTomasso et al, Social Phobia Inventory Connor et al, and Nomophobial Questionnaire Yildirim & Correia, were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for analyzing the data. Results of MANCOVA showed that with the controlled effect of pretest a significant difference between the participants of experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of the components of loneliness including; romantic loneliness, emotional loneliness, and social loneliness and the components of social anxiety including; fear, avoidance, physiological symptoms in posttest. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that psychologists and counselors use the results of this study to reduce the loneliness and social anxiety in students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) on Cognitive Emotion Adjustment in Bullying Female Students of First stage High School in Khorramabad city. The method of this study was pre-test and post-test with control group. The study population included all high school students of Khorramabad city was using purposive sampling, 30 students were selected as sample. Subjects completed the Illinois Navigation Bullying Questionnaire and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Then the selected samples were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of compassionate focused therapy but the control group received no intervention. Finally, post-test was performed for both groups and data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results research showed that Compassion Focused treatment had an impact on Cognitive Emotion Adjustment in Bullying Students and and compassion itself is effective in regulating emotions efficiently.

The purpose of this study was to investigate The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance dimensions of woman with epilepsy with three- month follow-up The present study was method quasi-experimental included with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with control group. In order to select a sample, 30 women with available and targeted sampling method were selected from among women suffering from epilepsy referring to Khorramabad health centers in 1395. They were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control (15 People tested and 15 controls) were replaced. Intervention acceptance and commitment therapy during 8 sessions, 90-minute, two sessions a week for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any interventions during this period . After finishing session, posttest and three months after intervention follow-up was administrated to experimental and control group. The data collection tools were Simmons and Gahir disturbance tolerance questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical tests, repeated measures analysis of variance. The study findings of the present study revealed that the acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant positive effect on increase distress tolerance. Findings were also preserved in the follow-up phase. According to the effect the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increase distress tolerance in suffering and its effects, application of this method at all levels of prevention and treatment of physical illness seems necessary.

This research was aimed to investigating the effectiveness of reality group therapy on attitudes to the opposite sex in female students with love trauma syndrome. The research was a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population includes all the female students with love trauma syndrome who referred to Islamic azad university of Shahrekord’s student advisory center in2018. 30people selected in the form of voluntary purposive method, were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups each of which included 15people. The subjects of the experimental group received the reality group therapy program during eight 120-min sessions 2sessions a week.The control group was put in the waiting list. Ambivalent Sexism Inventory Questionnaire Glick & Fiske were used for collecting information. One-way covariance analysis was used for analyzing the data. The results of the study revealed a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in terms of the components of attitudes to the opposite sex(attitudes hostile & benevolent). reality group therapy on reducing the attitudes to the opposite sex in female students were effective.