مجله سلامت جامعه
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder causes a defect in psychological nerve function. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effect of training mental rehabilitation techniques on the psychological nerve function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest/posttest and a control group. The statistical population included all students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder aged 7-9 in 2020 referred to the Education Counseling Clinic of District 1 of Gorgan. Later, 30 children were selected by the available method and were randomly assigned to two groups. The children's symptom inventory and the Wisconsin Card Classification Test were used. On children in the test group, the intervention program was performed in 8 sessions of 1 hour per week. No intervention was performed for the control group. Univar ate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data.

The results showed that mean and standard deviation of the pretest and posttest of the test group were 22.84±2.58 and 29.45±3.69, and also mean and standard deviation of the pretest and posttest of the control group were 22.71±2.41 and 22.94±2.77. Further, training of mental rehabilitation techniques affected the psychological nerve function of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (p<0.001).

Due to the effectiveness of training mental retraining techniques on improving the psychological nerve function, this method can be used as an effective treatment by therapists to improve the neurological function of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

  In addition to addressing the physical problems of patients with AIDS, special attention should be paid to their psychological problems, the best of which is using psychological interventions. Therefore, this study aims to compare the efficacy of acceptance & commitment therapy & logotherapy on quality of life & demoralization syndrome in patients with AIDS.

This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study consisted of all women with AIDS referred to medical clinics in Tabriz in 2019. In total, 30 women were selected by purposive sampling method, who were randomly divided into three groups. Members of both experimental groups received their treatment, respectively, in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatment.

In the pretest, the mean and standard deviation for the quality of life & demoralization syndrome was 39/90±4/77 & 44/80±6/64 in acceptance & commitment therapy group, 38/40±4/57 & 45/00±6/65 in the logotherapy group, and 40/70±4/11 & 45/70±5/65 in the control group, respectively (p<0.518 and p<0.946). The results showed that acceptance & commitment therapy and logotherapy compared to the control group in the posttest led to increased quality of life & reduced demoralization syndrome in AIDS patients (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of acceptance & commitment therapy and logotherapy on the quality of life and demoralization syndrome persisted (p<0.001). The results further showed that the effect of acceptance & commitment therapy and logotherapy on the quality of life and demoralization syndrome at posttest and follow up was not different (p<0.05).

Acceptance & commitment therapy and logotherapy are likely to increase acceptance, thus increasing the quality of life in AIDS patients and reducing their demoralization syndrome.

Addiction is preventable and curable; thus, by recognizing the psychological capital, it is likely to prevent the tendency of people to addiction. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effect of Frisbee activity on self-efficacy, craving believes, and general health in addicts.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on a selected sample of 70 addicts under treatment in the Salami village of Shiraz in 2018 based on Morgan's table and purposefully available. At first, all subjects completed three self-efficacies, craving believes, and general health questionnaires. Subsequently, they participated in the same program of 180 Frisbee throws, being performed at 5 blocks (6 sets -3 per day) for 8 weeks. Finally, they were asked to complete the three questionnaires again. A paired t-test was used to analyze data.

The results showed that Frisbee's exercise had a significant effect on craving believes, general health, and self-efficacy in the male addict's group; in order words, the exercise significantly decreased the craving believes (p=0.039) and increased general health (p=0.049) and self-efficacy meaningfully (p=0.048).

According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that Frisbee exercise is an influential factor in the psychological factors mentioned in the male addict group; therefore, it is suggested to prescribe this type of exercise in order to help the progress of the substance leaving and also prevent the person from returning to substance abuse in this group.

Gestational diabetes is one of the most common health problems during pregnancy that sometimes can lead to disability, death, and type 2 diabetes. Self-care training is one of the effective methods to improve health-related characteristics. Accordingly, the present study aims to determine the effect of self-care training on perceived stress, health literacy, and self-care behaviors in women with gestational diabetes.

The present study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with experimental and control groups. The research population was women with gestational diabetes referred to health and care centers of Zahedan city in 2019, from whom 50 people were selected by the available sampling method. Those selected were assigned to two equal groups via a simple random method with a lottery. The experimental group received 6 60-minute sessions of self-care training, and the control group did not receive any except for routine training. Research instruments were the questionnaires of perceived stress, health literacy, and self-care behaviors. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The experimental and control groups in the pretest stage showed no significant difference in terms of perceived stress, health literacy, and self-care behaviors (p>0/05); however, in the posttest stage, there was a significant difference in three mentioned variables (p<0/001). In other words, the self-care training method led to a significant decrease in perceived stress and a significant increase in health literacy and self-care behaviors in women with gestational diabetes (p<0/001).

The results indicate the positive effect of self-care training on decreasing perceived stress and increasing health literacy and self-care behaviors. Therefore, it is essential to plan diabetes self-care training for women with gestational diabetes and even those who intend to become pregnant to improve health-related characteristics.

A comprehensive study of suicidal attempt motives in different age groups is a significant factor in the development of preventive measures and effective treatment approaches. This study aims to investigate the lived experience of suicidal attempts in 12-18-year-old female students in Khomeini Shahr city.

This was a qualitative and phenomenological study that targeted the 12-18-year-old girls with a history of suicide in 2018, according to the information of Khomeini Shahr Health Center. They were 30 people, 17 of whom were selected based on the saturation limit. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The seven-step Klaizi method was used to analyze data.

562 codes, 73 concepts, and 12 categories in three core titles of infertile individuality (psychological stress, personal failure, maturity process tensions, and religious rupture), structural pressure (generation gap, need for attention, lifestyle, and economic pressure), and social exclusion (loss of social capital, social pressure, virtual pressure, and weakness in communication skills) were obtained.

It is concluded that adolescence is the period of identification with peers, parents, and educational systems, especially with teachers and cyberspace. Therefore, experts should consider the requirements in order to increase awareness of families, schools, and the legislative system for monitoring cyberspace and increasing media literacy. In this way, the basic principles in the prevention of adolescent suicide should be compiled, and the underlying factors should be eliminated or adjusted.

Female household heads are exposed to numerous psychological and social harms. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and acceptance & commitment therapy on social anxiety and parenting self-agency in female household heads with symptoms of social anxiety.

This study was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest, follow-up, and control group. The statistical population of this study included all female household heads referring to Baran and Navid social work clinics in Sari city in 2019, of which 45 were selected by purposeful sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and assigned in experimental and control groups by simple randomization. The experimental groups underwent reality therapy and acceptance & commitment therapy. Data were collected by Parental Self-Agency Measure and Jerabek Social Anxiety Scale. Then, they were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05.

Data analysis showed that reality therapy and acceptance & commitment therapy were effective in improving parenting self-agency with within-group effect (F =19.69, P = 0.00), between-groups effect (F = 8.25, P = 0.002), and the between-groups and within-group interaction effect (F = 12.84, P = 0.00) and also in social anxiety with within-group effect (F=16.46 , P = 0.00), between-groups effect (F =29 /19, P = 0.00), and the between-groups and within-group interaction effect (F = 15.21, P = 0.00) in female household heads with symptoms of social anxiety. Therefore, both treatment approaches were effective in improving social anxiety and parenting self-efficacy in female household heads with symptoms of social anxiety.

Based on this research results, psychological interventions, such as reality therapy and acceptance & commitment therapy, can be effective in improving parenting self-agency and social anxiety in female household heads with symptoms of social anxiety.

 Women with cardiovascular diseases have many problems, and one of the effective methods in improving their conditions is mindfulness training. Therefore, the present research aims to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on vitality, psychological well-being, and blood pressure in women with cardiovascular diseases.

 This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest follow-up design with the control group. The research population consisted of women with cardiovascular diseases referred to Shahid Rajaie Hospital of Tehran in 2019. The research sample was 40 people selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly distributed into two groups. The experimental group received eight face-to-face 70-minutes sessions of mindfulness training, and the control group did not receive any training. Data were collected using questionnaires of vitality and psychological well-being, besides blood pressure device. They were then analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, together with Chi-square, independent t, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.

 The results showed no significant difference in terms of vitality, psychological well-being, and blood pressure (p>0.565) in the pretest; however, in the posttest and follow-up stages, there was a significant difference in terms of all variables (p < 0.001). This means that mindfulness training increased vitality (F=6.510, p < 0.015) and psychological well-being (F=12.893, p < 0.001) and decreased systolic (F=7.258, p < 0.010) and diastolic (F=4.751, p < 0.036) blood pressure in women with cardiovascular diseases, and the treatment results were maintained in the follow-up stage.

 The results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness training on vitality, psychological well-being, and blood pressure. Therefore, psychologists and therapists are advised to use mindfulness training, besides other educational and therapeutic methods, to improve the vitality, psychological well-being, and blood pressure in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Learning disabilities in children affect many cognitive and behavioral areas, leading to reduced social relationship and academic achievement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training and vestibular stimulation on the academic achievement of female students with a specific learning disorder.

The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design for two experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all female students with specific learning disorders with a diagnostic file in the Center of Learning Disabilities in Sari in the academic year of 2020. Of these, 45 were selected by the available method and randomly assigned to three groups of 15 individuals. For the first experimental group, the Powell Cognitive Rehabilitation Protocol for Children with Specific Learning Disabilities was performed in 8 sessions of 45 minutes; also, for the second experimental group, the protocol of vestibular stimulation of Ganz was performed with 8 sessions of 45 minutes, and no intervention was performed for the control group. The instrument used was Pham & Taylor Academic Achievement Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance with spss18 software.

The results showed that the mean academic achievement in the experimental group of vestibular stimulation in pre-test and post-test was 61.36 and 84.11, respectively; also, the mean academic achievement in the experimental group of cognitive rehabilitation in pre-test and post-test was 61.24 and 97.87, respectively; finally, the mean academic achievement of the control group in pre-test and post-test was 61.27 and 6.07, respectively. Further, the findings showed that cognitive rehabilitation and vestibular stimulation affect the academic achievement of children with specific learning disabilities (p≤0.001); however, the former is more effective than the latter (p≤0.001).

The research findings can provide practical implications for improving the psychological characteristics of children with specific learning disabilities using cognitive rehabilitation therapy.