نشریه زمین شناسی محیط زیست
پیاپی 50 (بهار 1399)

The growing trend of development and various human activities leads to the entry of various pollutants into groundwater. The desirable physical and chemical quality of water is critical to the consumer, consumer health and maintenance of the water supply system. Currently, one of the problems of underground water sources is the pollution of drinking wells and other underground resources to urban and industrial wastewater, which leads to a change in the water quality of these resources and makes it impossible for them to drink. This study investigated and zoned elements Different qualitative water flows within the city of Jajroud Basin's city by Arc GIS software. For this purpose, water quality parameters were sampled from all the sources used in drinking water in this area. Then all the information was entered into the software environment under descriptive layers and to produce qualitative zoning maps. These maps show a significant trend for most parameters, due to the widespread use of water and the probability of the outbreak of various diseases Concerned about drinking in this area, this research could pave the way for future decisions on correct water harvesting in the study area.

Selecting the appropriate site landfill is one of the important steps in the management of municipal solid waste. Given the devastating environmental, economic, and ecological impacts of municipal waste, landfill selection must be carefully and scientifically processed. New tools and technology can help find the right place for a landfill. Geographic information systems (GIS) are nowadays widely used in environmental planning. In this study, different parameters such as lithology, land use, vegetation, soil properties, topography (slope), distance from urban areas, distance from main road, main waterways Suburbs, residential areas, wells and aqueducts and faults in order to determine suitable location for solid waste landfill in oshnavyeh city have been considered. Next, the paired comparison matrix was developed using AHP method and the final weights of each data layer were calculated using Expert Choice 11 software and in GIS environment, modeling was performed by hierarchical analysis process. Finally, landfill sites in oshnavyeh city were identified in four floor as Quite suitable, suitable, relatively suitable and inadequate based on their location ability.

Given all the advancements in water resources management engineering, the problem of groundwater quality assessment is the main problem encountered in most plains of Iran. Therefore, managing and monitoring the quality of water resources is very importance. In this study, we tried to predict and estimate the groundwater quality in the Salmas plain using RBF and GFF models. To achieve this aim, groundwater quality data of Salmas plain during 10 years (2001-2011) were used and results were analyzed according to Wilcox, Scholler and Piper standards. 70% of data were used to train the network and 10% of data were used to validate the two models. Therefore, the remaining 20% ​​of available data was used for network testing. The application of appropriate and applicable statistical parameters showed that RBF model with Levenberg-Marquardt training and 4 hidden layers, has high ability to estimate and predict groundwater quality. Also R2= 0.88 and RMSE= 29.71% in this model. Also the results of using different diagrams show that samples have low hardness and corrosion. Most of the data is in the C3S1 class. According to the results, all the water resources of the study area are acceptable for agriculture, drinking and industry, respectively.

Chaos theory has been applied for analyzing the mechanism of climate change effect on the drought of Parishan Lake. SPI, as well as several extreme climate indices, is measured, and several parameters (precipitation, evaporation, and temperature) affecting the drought are considered. A chaos analysis is finally conducted on them. Under these circumstances, a control basin is considered to investigate the behavior of the trajectories in the phase space under the Parishan sub-basin. The findings indicate that besides climate change impacts, an intra-basin factor has intensified the drought phenomenon. Results reveal that this intra-basin parameter affects the lake's drought more than climate change. Destructive activities, such as the excessive use of underground water resources and conversion of the natural land resources for agricultural use, can be mentioned. Consequently, the control of these parameters (or in other words, permitted abstraction of groundwater and adaptation) is likely to lead to control and mitigate the lake's drought.