International Journal of Aquatic Biology
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Jun 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxic effects of chronic sublethal pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) exposure on feral crucian carp, Carassius carassius, using histopathological alterations as an endpoint. Besides, a mathematical model of organ index was used to evaluate the severity of tissue damages. Circulatory disturbances, inflammation, regressive and progressive changes of tubules, glomerulus and interstitial tissue of kidneys were the most frequent damages observed. Organ index calculation revealed moderate occurrence of damage in kidneys of fish compared to the reference site. Findings highlight the effectiveness of organ index as a measuring kidney’s damage severity and health status of fish. The present work is the first study that determines the levels and effects of pesticides and PCBs in water and fish kidneys in Seferani Lake in Albania. The results suggest that the observed changes in kidney structure of C. carassius, could possibly indicate a prolonged chemical stress caused by pesticides and PCBssuggestingcontinuous monitoring of the lake to protect human consumer’s health.

To compare the chelating effect of coriander, Coriandrum sativum,and active charcoal on beluga, Huso huso, a total of 270 beluga (260±2 g) were initially fed with a diet containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of coriander and charcoalper kg of diet for 60 days. The fish were then subjected to 1 mg/L of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and copper) for seven days. The best growth and feeding performances before and after challenging with heavy metals were observed in fish fed with 15 g/kg active charcoal. Also, the best growth performance before challenging with heavy metals was observed in fish fed with 5 and 10 g/kg coriander followed by fish fed with 10 and 15 g/kg coriander after the challenging stage. The growth and nutritional efficiency were better in coriander than the charcoal treatments, especially in the pre-challenge stage. No mortalities were observed in charcoal treatments at all. While mortality occurred only in fish fed with 20 g/kg coriander in the first stage, a 100% survival rate was observed only in the second stage of fish fed with 10 g/kg coriander. In both stages of the experiment, the highest percentages of carcass protein and lipid were obtained in fish fed with 10 g/kg coriander and 15 g/kg of charcoal. Also, the lowest ash and the highest moisture were related to the control group. The amounts of protein and ash were higher in carbon treatments while the amounts of lipid and moisture were higher in coriander treatments. Minimum amounts of cadmium, copper, and leadwere obtained in fish fed with 15 and 20 g/kg charcoal and coriander. The concentration of the heavy metals was significantly lower in fish fed with carbon (P<0.05). Therefore, 5-10 g/kg coriander is a better additive in low heavy metal concentration. But in an environment with a higher concentration of heavy metals, adding 15 g/kg active charcoal to beluga diet is recommended.

This study was conducted to know the impact of traditional purse seine fisheries in Likupang village, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, on pelagic fish stocks of scad Decapterusspp. by size at first maturity estimation. Samples were collected from the purse seine catch of Likupang fishermen. They were individually measured and dissected for maturity level examinations. The results showed a wide size range in D. macarelluscatch and high catch of small individuals of D. macrosomareflecting that traditional purse seiners in Likupang could become potential fishing gear to deplete the stocks of scad. This situation makes the purse seine fishermen have to adjust the mesh size to the fishing target.

Antibacterial andantioxidant activity of the rocky shore crab, Grapsus albolineathus, protein hydrolysate (CPH), with differentdegree of hydrolysis (DH)preparedusing alcalasewas investigated. The results showedthat by increasing DH with reaction timeup to 90 min, the DPPH radical scavenging activity ofthe hydrolysates raise,followed by a decrease in the next stages from 90 to 180 min.Interestingly, ABTS radical scavengingofthehydrolysates increase up to 120 min,and CPH120show the highest activity withno significant difference with CPH90and CPH180.The degree of hydrolysis applieda significantinfluence on the antibacterialactivity of crab hydrolysatesagainst gram-positive bacteria, with a significant increase up to 90 min. The maximum zone of inhibitionswas recordedagainst Listeria monocytogenefor CPH90:14.55mm.The results suggest that the alcalasehydrolysis of rocky shore crab can produce bioactive peptides with potent antioxidant and antibacterial activitiesas affectedby the degreeof hydrolysisup toa certainlevel.

The present study was conducted to study the probiotic properties, antagonistic effect against pathogenicAeromonas hydrophilaof Bacillus coagulansisolated from intestine of healthyCatla catlaHamilton, 1822; and its optimum dosage for growth promotion and immunostimulation. The isolated B. coagulansfrom the gastrointestinal tract of C. catlawas first assessed for its probiotic properties viz., antagonism towards pathogen and cell surface adhesion. A feeding trial of 90 days was conducted to optimize the inclusion level ofB. coagulansin diets andC.catlafingerlings (avg. wt. 0.30±0.03g) were fed on feed supplemented with 1x103(diet D1), 2x103(diet D2), 3x103(diet D3)and 5x103(diet D4)B. coagulansCFU g-1of feed in triplicate treatments. The growth and digestibility parameters, intestinal enzyme activities were significantly higher in group of fish fed on feedD3 (3x103CFU g-1) in comparison to other dietary treatments except for food conversion ratio which was significantly higher in control group. Significantly higher value of carcass protein level, lower excretion of metabolites (ammonia and phosphates), enhancement of non-specific immune response and increase of total Erythrocyte count (TEC) and total Leucocyte Count (TLC) were observed in fish fed with probiotics supplemented diets. The results obtained in the present study support the use of B.coagulansfor better growth and proper nutrient utilization. The broken line analysis wascarried out and polynomial fit curve further suggest that the optimum concentrations of B. coagulans as high as 3000 (3x103) CFU g-1of feed is required for improving the overall physiological performance and enhancement of defense mechanisms in the fingerlings of C.catla.

The Zayandeh River dam lake, supplies freshwater for municipal, agricultural and industrial activities of three central Iranian provinces. Monthly water sampling was conducted in the spring and summer 2017 at four stations in the lake to determine trophic state. Electro-conductivity, temperature, pH, turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand also chlorophyll-a levels were measured in the samples. The maximum value of Trophy State Index (TSI) was recorded in May and the minimum value in September. Based on TSI, the Lake was oligotrophic in the spring and summer. However, in the May, the lake was in mesotrophic state, probably due to floods, runoff and drainage of farmlands. Due to high temperatures and biological activity in the summer, nitrate and phosphate decomposition increased. On the other hand, agricultural activities decreased compared to the spring, resulted in decreases in the concentration of nutrients, especially nitrate. Therefore, the lake is in oligotrophic state from June to September.

TGFβ-superfamily consists a plethora of extracellular growth factors, modulating developmental procedures and homeostasis in vertebrates and invertebrates.TGFβ-superfamily ligands, synthesized as the large inactive precursors, transform into active ligands following by their interaction with extracellular proteolytic enzymes. Principally, TGFβs ligation to their responsive receptors can trigger two distinct transduction cascades, including 1-SMAD dependent or canonical pathway and 2-SMAD independent or non-canonical ones. R-SMADs are substrates for the type I receptors, as their GS domains act as a docking site for R-SMADs. In the canocical pathway, upon phosphorylation of SSXS of MH2, two phosphorylated-SMADs (P-SMADs) in accordance with receptor tetra-dimerization, homo or heterodimerize and then form a trimer complex by SMAD4. The trimers translocate to the nucleus, where in association with other transcription factors (activators and repressors) modulate their target genes expression. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive information about these cascades and their downstream effectors with an emphasis on the canonical one.

Samplings were performed during 2015-2019 fromthe rocky intertidal zone of the west coast of Algeria to determine its gastropods’ inventory. The regular survey from 18 stations revealed the presence of 28 species belonging to 12 families. The patellids was most diverse family with 17.85% of the totalsampled gastropods, followed by Buccinidae (14.28%), Trochidae (14.28%),Muricidae (10.71%),Mitidae (7.14%),Certhiidae (7.14%),Vermetidae (7.14%), Aplysiidae(7.14%), Cymatiidae(3.57%), Haliotidae(3.57%), Calliostomatidae(3.57%) and turbinids (3.57%). In addition, the Crustaceans living under these mollusk shells were reported.