مجله تحقیقات علوم قرآن و حدیث
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 46، تابستان 1399)

An important part of the dimensions of the mission of the prophets in responding to the opposite audience and trying to persuade and inform them in terms of behavioral and spoken behaviors in the Qur'an has been widely reflected. Prophet Ibrahim was one of the divine prophets who, in an argumentative manner, had a variety of spoken actions for spreading a monotheistic discourse that differed in terms of form and content from the existing religious discourse (worship of natural elements and idolatry) in Mesopotamia, Suitable for attracting an opposing audience. This article, by utilizing the categorization of Sural's speech acts (expressive, inclusive, emotional, commitment and declarative), is intended to characterize Abraham's speeches in dealing with dissent based on the exegesis of Quranic verses.The findings of the research show that the spoken action of the statement intended to introduce and describe the monotheistic discourse with the purpose of its semantic propagation and fixation has been the highest and the most pronounced speech action of the least frequent. It seems that the most important factor influencing the frequency of speech-making expression is the overcoming and hegemonicization of the discourse of the multiplicity of gods in society, which Abraham tried to use with this appropriate context to highlight the discourse of monotheism and to marginalize the dominant discourse.

The paragraph, as the largest unit of a language, has an internal identity along with an apparent shape. This inner identity, which results from the theoretical and intellectual unity of sentences within a paragraph, has existed in old Persian texts, according to some studies, and may also exist in the text of the Holy Qur'an, even though the appearance of the paragraph does not exist in these texts. Dividing the text of the Holy Qur'an into "Ruqu'at" is a sign of the existence of this identity in the Quran. The appearance of the paragraph reveals this identity and makes the reader understand a text more easily and better. This function also makes the professional reader of Quran understand Semantic communication between sentences, and read the verses of the Qur’an more diverse. However, the text of the Holy Qur'an has not yet seen the appearance of the paragraph and this is due to lack of research in this area. This article, as the first research in this field, Explains the visual beauty of the paragraph in the text of the Qur'an and Describes some elements of the literary and aesthetic aspects of the Holy Qur'an, such as deviation, antithesis, brevity, internal rhyme and simile by descriptive and analytical method in order to better understand the Qur'an paragraphs and provide a way to divide the Qur'an text into paragraphs or do more research in this area.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one of the renowned theories in the field of humanistic psychology. In this theory, Maslow introduced a hierarchical system of human needs that explained the criteria of mankind in motivating to act according to his inner needs. This theory, along with its supplements and alternative versions, has been put into practice by Islamic scholars in various researches and adaptations to the Qur'anic teachings. The most important drawback of these comparative studies is the lack of criteria for the selection and comparison of verses with the Maslow's theory. In this research, the verses in which recompenses or rewards are described, with regard to their motivational dimension, have been identified as the statistical population of research. Then the relationship between each of the penalties and the human needs is determined by the content analysis method. Then, based on the number and scope of each of the penalties and the level of satisfaction or threat of each of the needs, a hierarchy of human needs has been introduced. The serious difference between the needs provided in paradise and the needs threatened in hell, and the separation of the hierarchy of needs in ascending and descending order, is the most important achievement of this research.

Significant statements by Muslim scholars indicate that, in their view, the implications of the Qur'an for its contents are doubtful. Some of these statements are absolute, but some of them are devoted to the general issue of allocating the Qur'an to a single source.There was no rational discussion of this famous discourse and no clear reason for it, but it could be inferred from their arguments for possible reasons. These reasons, of course, do not seem plausible, as most of them are the result of neglecting the role and function of the term in dialogue and legitimacy. Because what is to be expected in these two positions is merely the expression of a colonial meaning, and not the serious and unmistakable manifestation of the Qur'an, to such an extent, it is useful to discard it. Another of these reasons is the confusing and criticized remarks attributed to the news. Rather, there is evidence that the Qur'an's appearances have definite and scientific implications. The verses that call the people to the Qur'an to some degree, the verses inviting contemplation in the Qur'an, and the provisions of the authentic hadith, are the most important of these evidences.

Misbah Al-Shariah and Miftah Al-Haghighah was first introduced by Seyyed Ibn Tawus (also Tavoos) in the 7th century (AH). The author of this book and his time of life have never been known; yet since all of the book chapters begin with the phrase “Al-Sadiq said”, it is considered as one of the works attributed to Imam Sadiq. Whether or not this attribution is correct has always been under discussion. Various quotations have been made about the author of the book too. Quantitative and qualitative content analyses on this book reveals that most of the statements which are read in this book as hadiths or narrations from people other than the infallible Imams, does not have any roots in other books and Misbah is the only source in quoting them. In addition, many of such statements mentioned in Misbah and other books have a different source of attribution. Few studies have investigated why this has occurred. Therefore, the present study has adopted a documentary method along with quantitative and qualitative content analyses covering historical, interpretive, hadith-related, and mystical sources of both Shiite and Sunni to prove this hypothesis that all the chapters of Misbah Al-Shariah may have been written or transcribed by a Sufi whom has then added the phrase “Al-Sadiq said” to the beginning of all these narratives to attribute them to Imam Sadiq: a similar event which has occurred to works such as Solami’s ‘Haghigh Al-Tafsir’.

Retribution (keyfar) is one of the most important divine traditions that emphasizes the pursuit of action and punishment . It is the main human motive for adhering to religious laws .This tradition has been repeatedly mentioned in Holy Qur'an . A good illustration of this is the story of disobedience Children of Israel in the command of the fight for entering the holy land that mentioned in Holy Quran ( Surah Ma'eda / 20-26 ) and Torah ( Numbers / Chapter 13-14). Analysis of this tradition via critical discourse analysis method represents the application an element of Jewish discourse and its new articulation as central signifier in the formation of religious-Islamic identity. Re-reading the divine tradition of punishment, relying on sura Ma'eda verses , through textual analysis, discourse practice analysis and social practice analysis shows how a sacred text plays a role in redefining religious concepts , ,organizing Muslim political and social identity, personification and identifying specific Islamic groups.

One of the most important ways in which the semantics of science today is the attention of the literary scholars is the recognition of the meaning of the words from the perspective of companionship, because the verbal examination of the verses in the meaning of the verses can be obtained in the exact sense of the word. "Doom" is one of the most frequent and key words in the Holy Quran. The purpose of this research is to study the term "torment" by descriptive-analytical method, terminological studies and analysis through its affinity. Therefore, after selecting and examining the term "torment" , The companion clauses of this term are discussed. With a semantic look on the axis of affinity, it can be said that the word in the text of the Holy Quran is based on the co-axis of affairs such as 'Alim', 'Massive', 'Several', 'Mahin', 'Nekr', and addressed to the infidels, hypocrites, polytheists for you. The use of the term torment with its companion attributes shows that the Holy Qur'an uses several attributes to convey the agony of individuals and past nations, and there is a relationship between the type of sin and the audience and the type of punishment. For example, severe punishment is sometimes special for infamous, They insist on their dignity, a special torment is a sin that has a mockery and a torment of unknown torment is unknown.