Journal of Community Health Research
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Jul- Sep 2020

Nutrition science has proven a great deal of benefits to nuts. In addition to providing a healthy diet, these foods can reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, including Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (1). Application of nuts is not only limited to health, but also plays an important role in the field of export and economic prosperity. It seems that the health quality of plant seeds such as pistachios and almonds has been effective in reducing the global market share of these products (2). Annually, 20% of food products produced in the world are contaminated with mycotoxins by fungal toxins.  Aflatoxins are secondary fungal metabolites produced by toxic species of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi (3). These compounds are highly toxic and carcinogenic and are known as mutagenic substances in the world. These carcinogenic compounds are produced by some species of Aspergillus at various stages, including harvesting, transporting, or storage (4). However, the most important factor in nuts contamination with aflatoxin is exposure to fungal contamination in the garden. So far, several methods have been used to detect these contaminants, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoaffinity 2 columns widely used in the detection of pistachio aflatoxin and other agricultural products in the research and commercial fields (5).

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious diseases in the recent century caused by Mycobacterium (MB) tuberculosis. Despite new medical technologies and effective drugs, it still causes human deaths. This study aimed to investigate the trend and factors affecting TB prevalence in Yazd city from 2005 to 2014.

In descriptive study, the medical files of TB patients referring to Yazd health and treatment centers from 2005 to 2014 were investigated. frequency, mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval were calculated and reported for quantitative data, and the frequency and percentage are reported for qualitative data.The patientschr('39') demographics and disease features were recorded in a checklist and analyzed using SPSS version16 software.Its confidence Level was 95%.

In this study, 882 TB patients were studied, out of which 51.9%(458) were male 57.7%(509) were Iranian, 42.3%(373) were from other nationalities, and 33.8%(298) Of  Them were over 80 years old . The average age of TB patients studied was 49.32±17. The percentage of patients with pulmonary TB and patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis was 71%(626) and 29%(256), respectively.

This study shows that health officials must pay more attention to TB disease in Yazd city. Enhancing life standards, active case-finding among prisoners, increasing physicianschr('39') and peoplechr('39')s awareness about the health and treatment system services, and taking samples from suspected patients can play a crucial role in decreasing this disease.

With regard to the importance of the environment in sustainable development along with environmental literacy among citizens, the present study aimed to assess the levels of environmental literacy among citizens residing in the city of Yazd, Iran.
 

In this descriptive--analytical study, the sample size was determined based on the Cochran formula of 410 individuals. The data selection tool was also a researcher-made questionnaire comprised of items on demographic characteristics information as well as levels of awareness, attitudes, and practices concerning the environment such as air pollution, waste management, etc. Face validity verified by 10 qualified individuals as the faculty members and Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.93. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS 22. In this study, significance level was considered as 0.05.

awareness score was statistically significant in terms of age, level of education, and employment status (p<0.05). However, attitudes were only in a significant relationship with employment status (p=0.004). The relationship between practice score was also statistically significant with regard to age, marital status, and area of residence (p<0.05). A significant relationship was further observed between age and level of income and level of awareness, but there was no significant relationship considering attitudes (p>0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between awareness, attitude, and practice scores (0.323≥ r ≥0.28, p<0.001).

Although awareness among Yazd citizens on some environmental issues was at low levels, in general, their awareness specifically regarding health issues stemming from air pollution was proper. In view of the importance of environmental factors, it is necessary to conduct various research studies to identify and control these factors and find proper solutions.

Regular fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the most important and preventative indicators for the development of obesity, disorders, and diseases.The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption based on social cognitive theory among first-grade high school female students.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 264 high school female students who were selected through multistage random sampling from school students in Rafsanjan. The data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the seven-day fruit, and vegetable consumption frequency, and the fruit and vegetable consumption determinants questionnaire that was developed based on the constructs of cognitive social theory. Then were analyzed using SPSS-16 software through independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis.

The average daily fruit and vegetable intakes in adolescent girls were 3.43 and 2.30 units per day, respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that environmental factors and behavioral skills have a significant relationship with fruit consumption. Besides, vegetable consumption was found to have a significant relationship with behavioral skills and social reinforcement (P <0.05). In sum, the constructs of social cognitive theory explained 7.1% of the variances in fruit consumption and 9.8% of the variances in vegetable consumption.

The average daily fruit and vegetable intakes were less than the recommended level. It is recommended that further interventional studies be designed in order to explore environmental factors and behavioral skills based on the constructs of social cognitive theory.

Despite the commitment of governments to improving health outcomes such as "life expectancy", "maternal mortality reduction", there are significant differences in the health status of different social groups within and between communities that can be prevented by appropriate interventions.In IRAN an  important activity to move towards reducing health inequality was the establishment of a social deputy at the Ministry of Health and Medical Sciences Universities in 2016 which three years of activity, this department was dissolved. This study aimed to investigate the status of health socialization and its strategies and pillars in the current structure of the country in the field of health socialization and to examine the relationship between these pillars.

This paper is a qualitative study conducted through documentation analysis and two in-depth semi-structured interviews with social deputies of two medical universities of Iran. Data were analyzed using content analysis method.

The study revealed that Iran has three strategies for socialization of health, and eight elements have been designated for their implementation. Currently, the implementation of the strategies has been distributed to various departments of the Ministry of Health and universities. They don’t have clear coordination and communication process.

for achieving equity in socialization of  health goals, it is better to clarify socialization of health stewardship  in the whole country.

One of the preventing injuries methods is recognizing common injuries in sports and causative factors of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and mechanism of injury in professional beach soccer players in Yazd province.

The present study is a survey-descriptive research that was conducted as a field study. Number of 40 players currently in the premier league country were selected as samples. For collecting information, the modified injury report questionnaire by Fuller et al. (2006) was used. Data were analyzed by using chi-square test at a significance level P < 0.05.

The results showed that the most common injuries were in lower extremities (%69.84) and in terms of injury severity, 31.75% were sever injury, and for type of injuries, strain was the most of the injuries occurred (%33.33). The amount of injury during the match (60.26%) was higher than the time of training (39.68%). The degree of contact injuries 73.02% was significantly higher than non-contact injuries 26.98% (p <0.05).

Most of the injuries in this sport are caused by lack of the shoes and guards on the legs and feet, and then on the knee. Contact of players is one of the main sources of injury in beach soccer, which is likely to be effective in preventing injury by changing training, implementing proper techniques, and improving performance factors by using injuries preventive programs.

In recent years, different values of the general prevalence of restless legs syndrome have been reported in various studies and its related factors in Iranian society are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome in Iran by meta-analysis.

  This study was performed based on PRISMA checklist. There was a time limit from 1st July 2014 to 11th November 2019 for documents obtained from English and Persian databases such as Magiran, Sid, Medilib, Iranmedex, Irandoc, Civilica, ISC, Pubmed, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar Engine. Data were searched and extracted independently by two researchers and finally, a group decision was made with the presence of a third observer. All reviewed articles with selection criteria were evaluated qualitatively by the STROBE checklist. Comprehensive Meta analysis (CMA-2) software was used to analyze the data by meta-analysis random effects model.

The prevalence of restless legs syndrome was estimated to be 32.9% (95% CI: 22.9- 44.7) in 24 studies with 26474 Iranian subjects that 65.9% of whom were women. The prevalence of this disorder was 47.6% in Iranian women (95% CI: 28.7-67.2%) and 36.7% in Iranian men (95% CI: 21.4-55.3%). The most and the least prevalence of restless legs syndrome based on geographical region were respectively in east (44.3%) and north of the country (15.5%) and this difference was significant based on meta-regression (p <0.05). The prevalence of this syndrome was 50% in hemodialysis patients, 35% in other diseases, 25.7% in pregnant women, 20.2% in elderly and 13.8% in adults.

The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Iran is higher than other parts of the world based on different studies. Therefore, early detection, prevention and treatment of this disorder in adults, especially women, is essential.

Many studies have illustrated climate change effects on social variables and health. This study aimed to identify the SDH associated with climate change.
 

The present study is a review study with a systematic search. The keywords related to climate change and social variables were searched in the Web of Science and PubMed databases until June 2018. In the initial search 12097 articles were obtained and after the elimination of duplicate and non-related articles, 5932 articles remained After studying the abstracts, 342 articles were excluded based on entry and exit criteria (studies that were not related to climate change and SDH) and 43 articles remained. In the next phase, the full text of the articles was evaluated by two evaluators individually and the consensus method was used. 23 papers were finally included in the study.

According to the review, social variables related to climate change were divided into 5 different categories of variables, including structural variables related to climate change (socioeconomic status), variables related to social status and work conditions (access to health services, unemployment, immigration, inequality, education, work condition, food security), variables related to social relationships and social networks (social movements, urban warfare, riot, group protests, interpersonal violence), individual variables related to lifestyle (place of living; city/village), and individual variables (age, race, gender) based on social determinants of health.

Climate change has a wide range of social outcomes.. Various groups that are vulnerable to climate change include women, elderlies, children, villagers, and workers.