نشریه پژوهش های اقتصاد صنعتی
پیاپی 9 (پاییز 1398)

According to Krugman, product variety has played a central role in models of trade and growth. This study investigates the welfare gains due to Iran import of new varieties from 2014 to 2018 with the use of Feenstra (1994) and Broda & Weinstein (2006) methods. The amount of product variety is measured by product-level import data according to 2-digit code Harmonized System classification. Empirical results show that increase (decrease) in imported varieties would lead to increase (decrease) in consumers welfare. With the implementation of extensive sanctions and reducing the variety of Iran's imports in 2014 and 2015, the gains of variety of imports will decrease. In 2016 and 2017, with the implementation of Barjam and the elimination of effective sanctions, the Variety of imported goods to Iran and as a result the gains of this variety will increase. In 2018, with the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from Barjam and the beginning of a new round of sanctions against Iran, the gains of the variety of imported goods are reduced and as a result, the welfare of consumers is reduced. Positive gains in 2017 confirm that between 2016 to 2017 due to the variety of imported products, the welfare of consumers increased by 0.1 percent of GDP.

This paper evaluates the effects of price regulation  of housing energy and transport fuels on houshold demand in 10 separate quantilesby quantile regression approach.  According to the results, the sign of the own price elasticity is theoretically expected. These two categories of goods are the Hicks-Allen Substitutes and if the consumer is compensated, it is expected that increasing the price of one group of goods increases the demand for another group of goods. Meanwhile these 2 groups of energy have appeared as a luxury good in all quantiles. Also The highest percentage of consumption reduction due to a 1 percent increase in fuel price is in quantile 1 that is the households in the lowest consumption quintile and the least one is for quantile 8 that is the high consumption quantile . But the least percentage of consumption reduction of housing energy after compensation is in low consumption quantile 2 and the most one is for high consumption quantile 7.

The issue of competition in the banking industry to reform the structure is one of the general policies adopted by the banking system in recent decades. The aim of this study was to determine the market structure and competitive conditions in the Iranian banking system and to develop an appropriate model of the banking system to improve competition. After reviewing the studies in the literature, according to the level of access to information, both structural and non-structural methods are used to assess the competitive situation in the Iranian banking system. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was used a structural method and the Panzar-Rosse model with mixed data of 10 Iranian banks during the period from 2002 to 2016 were used to estimate competitive environment of the banking system. The results indicated the existence of monopoly competition in the Iranian banking system. Furthermore, to better evaluate the competitive environment of the financial system and determine the most important variables affecting this environment, using the model sensitivity analysis for each variable, it was concluded that increasing interest rates, increasing personnel costs, reducing the number of personnel, reducing the cost of each unit of physical capital, increase of risky assets and payment facilities, increase of total assets, decrease of capital, and decrease of number of branches are effective in improving the competitive environment, while the sensitivity of the model to personnel costs and physical capital is less than other variables.

Foreign trade has long been a means of achieving products at the lowest possible cost and has been in line with the welfare goals of governments. In the meantime, the sanctions deprive the country under sanctions from foreign trade benefits by imposing a distortion on the normal course of international economic exchanges. Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Iran has always been under various sanctions. The country's industrial sector is one of the most important economic sectors, whose exports accounts for a large share of non-oil exports. This sector itself consists of several sub-sectors, and assessing the effectiveness of the exports of each of them from the sanctions is necessary in order to strengthening the country's economy. To that end, the present study examines and compares the impact of different sanctions on the export of Iran's industrial goods in 22 industrial sub-sectors (at the level of two-digit ISIC codes) over the period of 2000-2015. The results show that each of the different industrial sub-sectors have been affected at different degrees by different sanctions, and in some other industrial sub-sectors, the impact of the sanctions are not significant

Geographical distribution and dispersion of productive activities and industrial enterprises depends on the locational decisions. One of the major factors affecting locational decisions is market structure, one aspect of which is geographical concentration that reflects the distribution of market power. This article is intended to measure the geographical concentration of food industry and to analyze the relevant factors in major producing countries in 2005 and 2013 by using the Herfindahl-Hirshman Index (HHI) and Ellison and Glaeser Index (EGI) index. According to the research findings, more than half of the world manufacturing industries (as per the ISIC, Rev. 3, two-digit classification) have been highly concentrated geographically, while food industry has experienced the most geographical dispersion on the global scale and the least geographical concentration on global scale with geographical concentration of -0.0088 and -0.099 in 2005 and 2013, respectively. Key factors determining the geographical concentration of food industry on the national and global scales include regional natural advantages, primary materials availability, transportation costs, spillovers of domestic and foreign demand, and market access.

In this study, based on the latest Input-Output matrix of the Iranian Statistics Center, first by using the ISM method, the interaction of the industry sectors has analyzed and The ISM total effect matrix used to provide the best results. The highest level of interaction is between the construction of motor vehicles, trailers, and semi-trailers, the manufacture of coke, petroleum refining products, and nuclear fuel, and the construction of basic metals. The highest net effect is observed in the sectors of "coke production, oil refining, and nuclear fuel production", "manufacturing of basic metals" and "wood and wood products". In the next step, the total effect matrix has been used as interpretive-interpretive modeling data to extract the MICMAC analysis chart. The results of the MICMAC analysis chart indicate that 8 sectors of the Iranian industries are autonomous, one sector is dependent, 11 sectors linkage, and two sectors are independent.