نشریه هنر زبان
سال پنجم شماره 3 (امرداد 1399)

The Mask is one of the particular techniques of contemporary poets in Arabic literature, the poet uses it to hide behind the mask of historical, political, social or religious geniuses to express his concerns. In spite of that the mask is special for Arabic poems but this techniques has several instances in Persian poems. This study has investigated this technique in the poems of, Abdolvahab Albayati & Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, two current poets of Iraq and Iran; At the end proves that proximity of Iran and Iraq and The same social and political atmosphere and the same events that two communities have passed, has The same effects on the views and thoughts of these two poet so that both of them have benefited the same style to describe what they passed.

If we want to mention the various uses that Muslim speakers and writers - especially Iranians - have made of the Qur'an and the hadithes of the infallible, we must write a novel period of meaning and expression, because almost none of the discussions of meanings and expressions and verbal industries. And the original spirituality cannot be mentioned that the scholars of Tazi and Persian literature have not mentioned an example of the Holy Quran and the hadith of the Holy Prophet and the words of the infallible Imams. Well-known poets and writers of Persian literature have succeeded in embellishing and blessing some of their mental and intellectual leaks in the form of allusions, intimation, pastiche, and thus perpetuate those works. Undoubtedly, the secret of the immortality of the Persian language and literature is also in connection with the eternal meanings of the Qur'an. The Qur'an, this heavenly book, has added to the beauty of the poets' words and made it more beautiful and meaningful. Amir Khosrow Dehlavi (651-725 AH) is the most famous Persian poet of India, and the reflection of the Qur'an in his divan is very impressive. He also held important government positions in the court of Indian poets and emirs, and was one of those who belonged to the Chishtiyya dynasty and He served him for Nizamuddin Awliya from a young age, who was one of the famous elders of Delhi at that time. He has left many poetic and prose works in Persian in the land of India, in which in addition to showing the beauties of the Persian language, he has also addressed Quranic verses and allusions and prophetic hadithes. In this research, an attempt is made to show the reflection of Quranic verses in the poems of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi.

A brief look at the works of Persian poetry and prose shows the great and deep-rooted influence of the Qur'an and Hadith in it. Kamal al-Din's Ismail Isfahani is one of the poets whose influence from the Qur'an and hadith can be seen in the dawn of his speech. This research has been done with the aim of studying the methods of Kamal al-Din being influenced by the prophetic and holy hadithes. An analysis of Kamal al-Din's poems concludes that he has used hadithes in various ways from the influence of words, propositions, reports, inspirational-fundamental, allusive and multifaceted; In addition to blessing and healing the hadithes, he should also reveal his art and grace and give more richness and depth to his words.

The Persian language has long been a source of many words from different Eastern and Western languages. One of the languages that has sent many words to Persian, especially in the last century and a half is French. In some cases, these borrowings have met the needs of the Persian language, but also in some others, not only have they not filled language gaps, but they have caused linguistic and cultural damage, too. In addition to examining different ways in which the Persian language borrows from French (complete borrowing, hybridism, composed-hybridism, false friends, and loan translation), this study discusses the necessity and non-necessity of borrowing. The results of this survey and the analysis of extracted data ultimately lead to the presentation of four principles for borrowing to minimize the entry of inefficient words into the Persian language.

Symbol is a means of expression, indirectly, feelings and opinions and things and constituents and thoughts and emotions and cultures, and that the use of the symbol remains closely linked to the imagination of man's consciousness and spiritual and mental tendencies, where it become a way to express all aspects of human activity, intellectual and cultural expression of life and actuality indirectly and technically, to explain about life and to reveal the realities and what the poet can not be proclaimed or declared his thoughts to obligate colonialism and occupation to resort to code poetry or prose, and many Palestinian poets chose this method to express through it their issues and their concerns and their ideas about the Palestinian people Championship and his prowess in defending its land and its homeland and its resistance to the enemy with determination and strength and persistence and a challenge to extract the right and the return of the homeless Palestinian people to Ordah. One of these poets, martyr Palestinian poet, Ali Fouda, used symbols in his poetry. This research discusses about in the poetry of Palestinian poet Ali Fouda through curriculum descriptive and analytical manners and poet is taking his symbols from various images as the nature, the legend, the animals, the colors, the persons.

This article focuses on Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day and the way the language of the novel suppresses meaning. After illuminating the concept of meaning suppression and its formation, the study offers two strategies with which meaning suppression is manifested: the unreliability of the narrator and the employment of the figurative language. The influential Factors in the unreliability of the narrator which contribute to meaning suppression are: first-person narrator, memory telling, discursive habits of the narrator and the contradiction between scenic presentations and commentaries. The other strategy contributing to the suppression of meaning in the novel is the figurative language. The figurative devices in this novel deviate the meaning from its conventional process of understanding and pave the way for the formation of meaning suppression. The devices to be discussed in this article are metaphor, metonymy, irony and euphemism each of which play their roles in fulfilling the goal of the study. The study, by bringing evidence from the text, highlights their contribution to the goal of the research. What the study proposes as a result is the way meaning suppression or more specifically, the unreliability of the narrator and the figurative language, deviate the meaning from the normal process of meaning formation.