نشریه علوم ورزش
پیاپی 36 (زمستان 1398)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8 week highintensity exercise on selected physiological variables of elite wrestlers. 16 young wrestlers (age 19.1±1 year and weight 74.9±17.3 kg) attending the national Greco-Roman camps participated in this study. Physiological variables included in this study were weight, body fat percentage, maximal oxygen consumption, upper and lower extremities anaerobic power, muscular endurance, agility, and handgrip strength. These variables were measured before and after 8 weeks (24 sessions reviewing and practicing techniques,16 sessions of combat (live) wrestling,8 sessions strength training, 8 sessions interval running, 4 sessions of circuit training, 4 sessions of elastic band training and 4 sessions of plyometric training) specific exercise training. The normality of data was checked by Kolmogorov - Smirnov normality measure samples, and data were analyzed with pair sample t-test to compare variables before and after the training program. Results showed that there were significant differences between weight, body fat percentage, maximal oxygen consumption, the Maximum anaerobic power of upper and lower extremities, upper extremities muscular endurance, and handgrip strength of pre and posttest. According to the results of this study, it seems that the applied training program had the main effect on physiological variables such as weight, body fat percentage, maximal oxygen consumption, anaerobic power, muscular endurance, and muscular strength of elite wrestlers that will increase the qualitative athletic performance.

The aim was to investigate the effect of sport managers' competence on their performance and job satisfaction among staff by examining the role of middle management in leadership style, and providing a comprehensive model. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, descriptive - correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all heads and departments of the Ministry of Sports, the National Olympic Committee, the Tehran Sports and Youth Department, the federations and sports departments, and affiliated agencies, which totaled about 2000 people as the size of the community. Sampling was done using Morgan table and 511 people were selected as sample. In order to investigate the variables of the research, the managers 'desirability questionnaires, managers' performance, Clark leadership style and Linz job satisfaction were used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors of sport management and in terms of reliability was evaluated in a desirable situation.To analyze the research findings and present the research model, the confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations in AMOS / 18 software were used. After examining the relationships and meaningfulness between the variables and the final pattern of the research, competence was determined through the role of the middle management style on performance And job satisfaction is influential.the results of the research showed that the research model has a favorable fit and has a high efficiency in describing the relationships between variables.

Sport for all activities are inherently conducive to community health promotion. The purpose of this study was to identification the effective factors of Sport for all. The present study has a postmodern paradigm and a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research approach and sampling method of targeting experts and snowball. In the analysis of the study, with the coding and content analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with experts, 169 open source codes were extracted and categorized into 53 indices resulting from open source integration, indices in the form of a list of closed questions, among 10 experts using The Delphi method was shared, and the results showed that after three rounds of Delphi interviews and reaching a consensus, 36 effective factors in Sport for all were identified. By focusing on the identified factors and dimensions and planning to exploit these factors, it facilitates a suitable environment for the presence and participation of the general public and provides a platform for Sport for all in Iran.

Since the purchaser style inventory have important role in Consumer behavior. So the purpose of this study is to validate the questionnaire of Purchaser Style Inventory for Sport Products. The research method is descriptive and survey type. the statistical population of the study consisted of all male and female clients who came to sport stores located in Monirieh. the sample size was determined by the Cochran Formula (n = 185). The tool of collecting data was a questionnaire on Purchaser Style Inventory for Sport Products by Eddie and John (2014). that its formal and content validity was confirmed by 11 sport marketing experts after translation and localization with the culture of the country, and the reliability of the whole tool was obtained through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.73). The validity of the questionnaire structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. research findings showed that the the questionnaire has True psychometric properties and can be used to assess consumers‘ purchase style across different samples. identification of effective and important factors in decision-making styles of sport products buyers is one of the necessities for managers of companies and sport stores that can plan and invest appropriately on these factors to attract the most customers to sell the more products.

According to the history of Bishabur and tangible evidence, polo was, in all probability, commonly played in the ancient city of Bishabur in the Sassanid Era, and in Tang Chogan in different eras. The present study was conducted to examine the feasibility of holding polo competitions in Tang Chogan, Kazerun, and evaluate its probable impacts on the host communities. This was an applied, analytical, descriptive survey. The data were collected through documentary research, interviews, and questionnaires. The validity was determined based on professors‘ and experts‘ opinions. In order to determine the reliability, the questionnaires were distributed among 37 subjects, and running Cronbach‘s alpha test, a value of 0.81 was yielded. Two hundred and two members of the sample were selected purposively, and the data were analyzed via SPSS24, Amos24, one-sample t-test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Friedman test. The examinations of the indicators proved the following as the most important items from the perspective of the respondents: the item of upselling in the economic component, the item of interaction and tolerance, and as a result, respecting the citizen rights in the social component, the item of enriching symbols and myths in the cultural component, and the item of developing sport infrastructures in the sports component. Friedman test results indicated that the cultural component is the most effective one with an average of 2.83. The findings of the present paper proved that Kazerun met the requirements for holding polo competitions. Holding polo competitions showed significant positive impacts in terms of all the examined areas.

The decrease in dynamic balance of children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy is a major contributor to the impairment of these patients. Therefore, this study aims the effect of a period of Aquatic Exercise on shoulder joint range of motion and motor function in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. In the present quasi-experimental study 30 children with spastic cerebral palsy were selected from the volunteer children cerebral palsy in Isfahan through target sampling and availability and divided randomly into two groups; one experimental group (15 participants, aged10/5±1/9,weighing 37/4±6/6 kilograms, with the height of 129/1±14/7centimeters) and one control group (15 participants, aged 10/6±2/0, weighing 37/8±6/3, with the height of 129/0±15/6 centimeters). The experimental group received the treatment (Aquatic exercises for 60 minutes, three times a week) for 6 weeks, but the control group received no treatment and was engaged in daily routine activities. shoulder joint range of motion was measured by a goniometer and Step length were measured Caliper test. All of the above variables were measured both before and after the treatment (Aquatic exercises). The data were analyzed through Analysis of T Independent and Dependent at the significance level of P≤0.05.The results showed that there was a significant improvement on the scores obtained from the tests measuring shoulder joint range of motion, and Step length of the experimental group after 6 weeks of receiving exercises (P≤0.05), whereas no such significant improvement was observed in the control group. Considering the results of the current study, it seems that Aquatic exercises are effective on the shoulder joint range of motion and motor function of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, which makes it a desirable environment for children with cerebral palsy.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 12 weeks of rhythmic exercises and simultaneous consumption of iron and zinc supplementation on gross motor skills development of preschool children. Research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population consisted of preschool children aged between 4 and 6 of district 2 in Tehran. 48 subjects who were eligible to take part in the study were selected as the sample and were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control, supplement, exercise, exercise + supplement. The Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2) was used to measure motor development. After the pretest, the exercise group performed rhythmic exercises for 12 weeks, 2 sessions per week and he supplement groups consumed 5 cc of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate syrups daily. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate covariance analyses (ANCOVA and MANCOVA). The results showed that gross motor skills development of children in supplement, exercise and exercise + supplement groups was significantly higher than the control group, and gross motor skills development of children in exercise + supplement group was more than the exercise group and supplement group. It seems that in order to develop gross motor skills, it is better for children to take iron and zinc supplements along with rhythmic exercises simultaneously.