نشریه علوم ورزش
پیاپی 50 (تابستان 1402)

The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between brand love and the immediate purchase of sports customers mediated by hedonistic consumption tendency in Iranian Basketball Premier League players. The method used in this research was descriptive-correlational and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was the players of the Iranian Basketball Premier League (men and women) in 2020 (364 people). 146 people were selected as a statistical sample using G-Power software by stratified random sampling. Descriptive and inferential methods and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach were used to analyze the data. The results showed that brand love, instant shopping and hedonistic consumption tendency were higher than the hypothetical average. The tendency to hedonistic consumption also mediates the partial (not complete) effect of brand love on the immediate purchase of sports customers. The coefficient of determining brand love and instant purchase was equal to 0.390 and 0.446, respectively, which indicated a good fit of the model. Therefore, is better for sports brand managers to identify people who love the brand through continuous monitoring of customers and needs assessment. It is also suggested that sports brand managers use the potential of social media to encourage customers to buy instantly in order to improve instant shopping.

One of the most important issues for the stadium audience is safety and security, which has made it more urgent to pay attention to what has happened in the past and the high risks. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effective safety and security factors in stadiums with an aggressive approach to preventing spectators from competing in football leagues.The research method is qualitative and exploratory. The sampling method is non-random and purposeful sampling. The face and content validity of the interview questions were evaluated and approved by 6 sport management professors and then by 14 experts in the field including sport management elites, specialists and managers. Football and law enforcement staff and security officials were interviewed and continued to theoretical saturation, with data analysis through open coding (component or badge), pivotal (subordinate) and selective (key factors) in this study) Was performed. Based on the findings of the present study, a total of 32 safety and security indices were identified which consist of three main factors (service, control and special circumstances) and eight sub-factors of the main factor. According to elite and soccer experts, safety and security factors (stadium facilities, tickets, physical inspections, security measures, high-risk events and conditions) have an impact on preventing aggression in football spectators.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crisis management on the resilience of swimming Coaches. The research method is correlational which is of the structural equations type, is current-looking based on time, is applied in terms of purpose, and is field –study in terms of data-collection. The statistical population includes active Coaches in Tehran, whose number was 2000 people. In order to select a statistical sample, the city of Tehran was firstly divided into 5 geographical regions of north, center, east, west and south and 322 samples were selected of relative class type, according to the gender of trainers based on random sampling. The measurement tools of this study were two questionnaires of Zol-Hayat (2020) crisis management with 41 questions, and McManus et al. (2007) resilience with 67 questions. The results of structural equations showed that the effect of crisis management on resilience (t = 6.174 and = = 0.372) is positive and significant. Therefore, crisis managem to be able to increase response to crisis by resilience increasing.ent affects the resilience of swimming Coaches. Crisis management with a value of 0.372 in terms of importance, and with a value of 60.486 in terms of performance has shown its role on resilience as well. Therefore, the swimming federation should try to achieve maximum accuracy in predicting the crisis by using the resilience of Coaches,

The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptual model of perceived organizational bullying and burnout with the role of mediating organizational maturity and freedom of expression in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. in terms of nature and method, this research is applied research with descriptive-correlation method that data collection was done in the field. The statistical population of this study is all staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N = 800). Measuring instruments were organizational maturity, burnout, organizational bullying, and freedom of expression questionnaires. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 11 faculty members. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. One-sample t-test, and structural equation modeling were performed for statistical analysis. The results showed that freedom of expression (2.45) in inappropriate status, organizational maturity (3.11) at a moderate level, burnout (3.30), and perceived organizational bullying (3.51) in the Ministry of Sport and Youth are significantly above average. Moreover, there is a positive and significant correlation between perceived organizational bullying and burnout (r = 0.57), a reverse and significant relationship between perceived organizational bullying and expression (r = -0.42) and organizational maturation (r=-0.30) among the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (sig = 0/01). As a result, two variables of organizational maturity and freedom of expression have reciprocal and significant effects on the relationship between perceived organizational bullying and burnout.

The purpose of this study was to explain and prioritize the employability capabilities of physical education graduates with the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) approach. The study population was faculty members, students and graduate students and sports entrepreneurs who were experts in this field. The sampling method was purposeful and in the form of snowballs. The research method was based on the data theory of the foundation and the tool of data collection was through semi-organized interviews. AHP technique was used to prioritize the findings of the data theory of Yanbad. The findings showed that there are 34 categories in the employability of physical education graduates. Among the categories of causal conditions, the lack of government services and support among the categories of intervening conditions, macro environmental conditions, among the underlying factors, the development of general skills and among the strategies, the strategy of reviewing the content of textbooks had the highest priority.  Changing the content of books to operational and applying courses and developing skills, as well as aligning students' education, in line with the labor market, will develop the employability capabilities of physical education graduates.

The purpose of this study was presentation of Iran' Competency Sport coaching that was done using a systematic design of grounded theory. Participants in the present study were sports coaches and athletes in various disciplines and context, twenty of whom were selected by theoretical sampling for in-depth interviews, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. 450 code with fifteen categories and 60 concepts in the form of six categories of paradigm model including phenomena included sport coaching competency, causal conditions in the form of four categories of coaching knowledge, coaching skills, coaching characteristics and coaching philosophy, context in form of five categories including training management, competition management, social relationship, social behavior and role play, consequences in form two categories included sport consequences and social consequences, environment conditions in form two categories included variety in sport environment and variety in athletes, and strategies in form of one category included pursuit of development and excellence identified. What is evident in sports coaching is the favorable output of athletes, both technically and socially. The result of a sports coach's competence is the trust of the players and the managers and the fans in that coach, and the higher the coach's competency is perceived, the more his trust and athletes' satisfaction increases.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of NAJA championship sports based on grounded theory approach. The statistical population included professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of NAJA championship sports. A total of 10 members of the qualitative community purposefully selected as statistical samples. The research measurement tool was a semi-structured interview. The reliability of the interviews was 0.83 by the method of intra-subject agreement. For data analysis, a continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that 205 codes were obtained in the open coding stage and 6 axes in the axial coding, and finally 6 political, social, economic, sports participation, environment, and technology development factors were determined in the development of Naja championship sports. The research results can be useful for managers and decision makers in Naja championship sports to achieve success and reach the desired state

The mechanisms involved in old age are largely unknown. Although there are no effective therapeutic interventions to increase life expectancy and prevent aging, it seems that physical activity can play an important role in preventing aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and combined exercise on growth factor beta and creatine kinase caused by muscle injury in elderly men. In this study,30 elderly men with a mean age of 66 years were divided into three groups of aerobic, combined and control exercises. Exercises were performed for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. Aerobic exercises were performed with an intensity of 60-74% of the maximum heart rate and resistance exercises with an intensity of 60% of a maximum repetition (1RM), which had reached 75% during the training weeks. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the start of training and 48 hours after the last training session. Analysis and comparison between groups were performed by analysis of covariance and for in-group comparison of data by paired t-test at a significance level of P <0.05. TGF-β1 values in two groups of aerobic (P=0.006) and combined (P=0.003) and CK values in the combined group (P=0.03) had a significant increase compared to the control group. But there was no difference in CK values between aerobic and control groups (P=0.11). Increasing the appropriate levels of TGF‐β1 has resulted in more proper muscle regeneration in this age group.

The main aim of this study was to modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth that based on Cochran's formula, 268 of these employees were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. The tools used to collect research data included three standard questionnaires of Sharifi and Yang's (2004) Organizational Agility, Bonits's (2008) Intellectual Capital and Brown's (1997) Organizational Entrepreneurship. The questionnaire used have 16, 12 and 18 items with a five-point Likert scale, respectively. To evaluate the validity of the research tool, the opinions of 8 PhDs in sport management were used and the reliability of the questionnaires in a pilot study by using Cronbach's alpha for organizational agility, intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship was 0.78, 0.81 and 0.83, respectively which indicate their reliability is acceptable. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The research findings showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=15.511, β=0.722). The results also showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on the intellectual capital (t=46.561, β=0.804). Intellectual capital also had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.878, β=0.198). Finally, the results showed organizational agility with the mediating role of the employees' intellectual capital had a positive effect on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.869, β=0.181). According to the research results, it is recommended to develop the ability of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth to make decisions in different working conditions, as well as to train them to use job opportunities in the best way.

The purpose of this study was to design a model of success and failure factors of lean services in sports organizations in the west of the country. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) which was done with data foundation approach. The statistical population consisted of professors and specialists in the field of management, sports marketing, senior managers of the General Departments of Sports and Youth, heads of sports delegations and managers of sports halls in the west of the country who were selected by purposeful method. After studying the theoretical foundations, 12 in-depth interviews were analyzed and coded simultaneously. The qualitative part was used by Maxkiyoda software version 18 and in the quantitative part by SPSS software version 25 and Amos. Findings showed that the drivers of lean service success in sports organizations consist of six factors: value chain creation, value determination, value flow identification, perfection determination, value flow process and social value and lean service drive drivers. It consists of seven factors: lack of business model, inattention to customer feedback, long start-up time, poor marketing, structural problems, management problems and lack of employee participation, and based on them, a paradigm model was designed. Sports organizations in providing lean services to their customers are faced with special factors that by improving their quality can provide the basis for lean services.

Today, students need more than anything else an environment full of flexibility and freedom of action that extracurriculars can provide. The purpose of this article was to determine the consequences of student participation in sports activities in Iranian schools. The statistical population included senior managers of physical education and health of the Ministry of Education, deputies and physical education experts of the provincial education departments, physical education teachers, parents of students and students themselves. Qualitative research method and the researcher collected information through in-depth interviews using purposive sampling method and snowball sampling technique. Then the data obtained from interviews, articles, physical education instructions, books and clips related to the triangulation technique through the method and data, are collected and Grounded theory method with the Charms approach, coding and parsing and Was analyzed. The result of grouping the codes showed three main components and eight sub-components at the output level. The main components included physical, psychological and social consequences and sub-components such as compensating for the lack of physical education hours, physical health, mental health, improving quality of life, social health, cultural growth and development, increasing social capital, vitality and social vitality. Given these consequences, we can see an improvement in student sports participation in schools; This research can be used as a tool to analyze students' sports participation in extracurricular activities in Iranian schools.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sports massage on the proprioception of the shoulder joint of disabled female basketball players. In this quasi-experiment research, 30 disabled female basketball players who were playing in wheelchair basketball teams of Tehran were selected using convenient and volunteering method based on demographic information then assigned randomly into two test and control groups. The shoulder joint of dominant hand of members in test group had massage for 8 days (one 10-minute massage each day). Joint position sense of respondents measured and compared at first and end of study with angles 0, 45 and 90 degree using Biodex System 3 Model of Isokinetic Device. Findings showed a significant change in position sense of test group members after having massage (P<0.05). Results indicated that 8 sessions of exercise massage had positive effect on shoulder joint position sense of female disabled basketball players.

The aim of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the optimal governance structure in national championship sports. The research method was qualitative-quantitative mix. The statistical population in the qualitative part consists of faculty members, sports policy makers and decision makers at the macro level and in the quantitative part members of the Strategic Council of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, senior staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, middle staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, , Was vice-president and secretary of sports federations. Statistical sample in the qualitative section of 15 experts to reach the theoretical saturation using theoretical targeted techniques and snowballs were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method and in the quantitative section 294 people formed the statistical sample. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured and the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 10 main factors in the quantitative part. In this study, for content validity from the point of view of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and for prioritization, Friedman test was used. The results of Friedman test showed that cohesive structure, common structure, network structure, stable structure, democratic structure, fair structure, strategic structure, systemic structure, supportive structure and transparent structure had the highest priority. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired governance structure, it may be useful to respect job participation, delegation, and public participation.

Neural marketing analyzes data obtained from the minds of customers that lead to the recognition and discovery of the unknown and make immediate purchases; Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between neural marketing and instant purchasing behavior of sports brand buyers. The statistical population of this study is all the buyers of sports brand stores in the holy city of Mashhad, whose number was unknown. Using two-stage cluster sampling method, 20 large stores in Mashhad were randomly selected and 400 questionnaires were distributed among buyers. In this study, two questionnaires of neural marketing Iser et al. (2011) and immediate buying behavior (2016) were used. Findings showed that neural marketing and all its dimensions have a significant relationship with the immediate purchasing behavior of sports brand buyers (t = 7.94 and r = 0.82). The importance of neural marketing is special and can show decisions on the minds of customers; Neural marketing, therefore, is a new approach in which the brains of customers are precisely examined to determine its function and to simulate how behaviors are formed. Therefore, companies that produce and distribute sports brands, in order to make more profit, should make the use of neural marketing the top priority of their advertising and marketing.

The purpose of this study was to develop strategies for the Iranian Fencing Federation based on the AHP-SCORE approach. The present research is purpose-based, applied; Based on strategy, it is a combination (qualitative-quantitative) and based on implementation path, it is based on strategic studies. Using library studies, review of upstream documents and opinions of the Strategic Council of the Fencing Federation, key areas of performance for the Fencing Federation were identified. Using library methods and the views of the Strategic Council, the internal and external environment of the federation was analyzed separately for key areas. Then, for each of the key areas of performance, the quality expectations or goals of the federation in each area were identified and prioritized. Based on the obtained environmental analysis, the strategies were identified and all of them were prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method.