School of Medicine Students Journal
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Apr 2019

Anthropometric studies have been introduced as the second pri-ority of research in the field of medical sciences in Iran. Information obtained from such studies are used in industry and medical sciences, including the manufacturing of prostheses, gas masks, and surgical instruments. Consid-ering the effect of genetic, age, sexual, climatic, and geographical factors and their high importance on anthropometric sizes, the aim of the present project is to investigate the neurocranial sizes of the cephalic indices of one-day-old male newborns in north of Tehran.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 100 neurocranial sizes of one-day-old male newborns in Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital in Tehran using millimetric cephalometry. Measurements were per-formed according to the protocol and by a ruler, cephalometer, and tape meter (0.5mm precision rate). The data were collected and recorded in the relevant forms and then processed and analyzed by a biostatistics software.

The present research showed that the mean head length, head width, ear height, head circumference, brain volume, brain weight, cephalic index, and the brain index was 118.2 mm, 94.3 mm, 71.3 mm, 348.5 mm, 415.1 ml, 429.2 g, 78.1%, and 12.8%, respectively. Frequency of different head pheno-types has been reported according to the cephalic index as follows: round head (65%), long head (20%), broad head (12%), and super-broad head (3%).

The results of the present study showed that the cephalic index of one-day-old male newborns in Tehran was lower than those born in Ker-manshah, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Qazvin, which can be explained by the impact of gender, climate, and geographical area on neurocranial dimensions and sizes

Determination of the best diagnostic methods for ectopic preg-nancy (EP) and threatened abortion is important specially to improve the final prognosis. The aim was to determine the CA-125 level in cases of EP and threatened abortion in comparison with control subjects.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 90 consec-utive women attending to Shohada-e-Tajrish and Mahdieh Hospitals in Teh-ran including those with EP and threatened abortion and control subjects were enrolled where CA-125 level was determined and compared across the three groups.

CA-125 level was significantly different across the groups (P<0.005) and in paired comparisons it was higher in threatened abortion cases versus control subjects (P<0.003). However, it was not significantly different between the other groups (P > 0.05).

Overall, it was found that the serum CA-125 level was higher in threatened abortion cases but not significantly in EP cases. Hence, use of this marker may be helpful in diagnosis of threatened abortion.

Optimal and appropriate antibiotic prescription for preoperative prophylaxis is an essential issue in hospitals. The nobility of the present study was to determine the rate of optimal antibiotic usage for preoperative prophy-laxis in Shahid Beheshti University hospitals in 2014.

In this observational cross -sectional study, 200 phy-sicians employed in Shahid Beheshti University hospitals who performed sur-gical procedures were enrolled in the study and the rate of optimal antibiotic utilization for preoperative prophylaxis was evaluated.

It was obtained that 64% of physicians had appropriate attitude and 41% had sufficient practice. The concordance rate according to the guidelines was medium in 52%, high in 29%, and low in 19%

It was ultimately attained that optimal antibiotic for preoperative prophylaxis is used by nearly half of physicians and also two third have appro-priate perspective regarding the antibiotic usage.

Anthropometry is one of the principal researches in. The eye orbit is involved in most cranial abnormalities. Concerning the lack of adequate information in Iranian populations and the effect of factors including gender, age, and geographical region, the aim of this study was to investigate the nor-mal dimensions and sizes of human eye orbit through MRI.

This was a descriptive, analytical, and prospective study which was performed on 120 patients referring to the MRI center of Labaf-inejad and Torfeh hospitals. In fact, 20 patients were excluded due to eye-as-sociated disorders. The longitudinal and transversal axes, as well as the eye orbit volume were measured, and the age, gender, and the sidedness of eye were reported and evaluated.

The mean age was 38, and the eye orbit volume, longitudinal axis, and transversal axes were measured as 5593 mm3, 22 mm, and 21.9 mm, re-spectively. The minimum average measured value was related to the distance between the posterior edge of the frontal processes of the upper jaw bones (21 mm in females and 23 mm in males), while the maximum average was meas-ured across the posterior poles of the two eye orbits (26 mm in females and 29 mm in males) (P<0.4).

The data suggestd that the longitudinal and transversal axes, as well as the volume of right and left eyes are larger in men than in women. The difference in the eye orbit volume of men, as compared to women can be attrib-uted to a large body mass in men.

Determination of a desirable diagnostic tests is an issue of im-portance especially to differentiate between tuberculosis) TB(, sarcoidosis, and anthracosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the differen-tial diagnosis of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and anthracosis with CD8, CD3, and CD4 by flow-cytometry.

In this descriptive cross-sectional comparative sur-vey, 40 consecutive patients attending to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran were enrolled and CD4/CD8 ratio, CD8, CD3, and CD4 were determined by flow-cytometry and compared across patients with three diseases including tu-berculosis, sarcoidosis, and anthracosis.

The results demonstrated that CD4 was significantly higher in anthra-cosis cases (P<0.007) and the CD8 was significantly higher in patients with TB (P<0.008).

It was attained ultimately that CD4 and CD8 levels could be a desirable diagnostic markers for anthracosis and TB, respectively

The shock syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a life-threatening complication, accompanied by poor outcomes. The most com-mon causes of this problem are bleeding and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction; although rare complications could happen, they are still challeng-ing. In this article we reported a 47-year-old man who suffered from complica-tions following PCI, manifested as unexplained shock, which was resistant to conventional management. Overestimating the role of the patient’s underlying disorder as the cause of the hypotension led to delay in diagnosis and treatment; however, obtaining a thorough familial history revealed diabetes insipidus (DI) as the most probable cause of the hypotension despite normal electrolyte levels at the time of admis-sion. The patient dramatically responded to DI management. Persistent hypotension or shock after PCI could result from an unusual or rare etiology. Precise history taking and attention to clinical findings are essential for an accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of this life-threatening condition indeed