فصلنامه نوآوری های آموزشی
پیاپی 75 (پاییز 1399)

The present study aims to identify the dimensions and components of creative schools at primary schools. A qualitative study was done based on the documentary researc. A purposive sampling method was done based on inclusion criteria. To do so, inductive content analysis was performed, using ATLAS.ti software –NCT approach. So, 283 relevant written sources (documents, articles and books) were analyzed at the theoretical saturation level. The creative school consists of 6 dimensions and 30 components. The “creative curriculum” dimension consists of 9 components (curriculum goals, curriculum content, teaching-learning strategies, instructional materials and sources, learners grouping, Learners' learning activities, space, time , evaluation), “creative student” dimension consists of three components (cognitive-thinking, attitudinal-interest, behavioral-functional belief), the “creative family” dimension includes five components (economical-social status, parents’ educational level, the emotional setting of the family, child upbringing, parents’ innovative attitude), the “creative teacher” has five components (class leadership, thinking in the classroom, awarding, teacher personality, knowledge and professional skills), the “creative manager” dimension includes four components (management style, creative view, creativity development in teachers, Human relations and interaction) and “creative culture” has four components (involvement, embracing creativity, investigative spirit, freedom of thought and action). The results of this study could be used as a stepping stone for teachers, experts, designers and parents to design and create environments based on creativity.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the contextual factors and the mathematical performance of Iranian students in the TIMSS 2015. In this study, considering the nested data structure and using the two level modelling, the effect of 37 variables related to the academic performance of fourth grade students in math class in four areas of family / home, students' beliefs, teacher / classroom and school, in the form of the two levels of "student" and "school" were investigated using the original version of HLM software. The results showed that the educational development in the Iranian educational system, like the other educational systems in the other countries is dependent on the contextual factors related to students, family / home, classroom / teacher and school. Also, based on the final model of 37 variables related to the math academic performance of students, only ten variables including the teacher's perceived atmosphere, school discipline and safety, management experience, deprivation status, teaching limitation, mathematics self-concept, valuing the mathematics, attendance at school, the father's education level, and the parents' help in carrying out the meaningful assignments. In addition, the most changes in variance has been related to the variables of the socioeconomic status, parental education level, attendance at school and self- concept in mathematics; some of these factors have been related to the level 1 student and some others have been related to the level 2 school.

The purpose of this research was the thematic analysis of the components of the cyber bullying perpetrators among the high school students which could help to the prevention and reduction of cyber bullying among them. The method of the thematic analysis used in this study was based on the Attride-Stirling thematic analysis method, where the basic themes were identified inductively, and then the components of the cyber-bullying perpetrators were identified and extracted. Thematic analysis is a method of identifying, analyzing, and reporting the patterns in the qualitative data. The thematic analysis is done in different ways. In this study, the thematic network was utilized. The validity of the study was confirmed by the referee. To calculate the reliability, coding was done manually through studying the selected resources line-by-line, and then Holstein method was used. After studying, selecting and coding the articles related to the cyber-bullying perpetrators, 17 basic themes were extracted from the different sections of the articles. Of these basic themes, six organizing themes were extracted. A model was proposed based on the results of the thematic analysis of the components of the cyber bullying perpetrators to reduce the cyber bullying perpetrators among the students. This model categorized the components into 6 groups of the individual abilities, empathy, family environment, communication and social skills, aggression, and attitude.

Due to the increasing use of the multilevel models, determining the number of the samples is one of the major concerns of the researchers in this field, so the main purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal sample size in the two-level models. TIMSS data (2011) in eighth grade were used for this purpose. It contained the data taken from 6029 students from 238 schools. The dependent variable of this research was the math score of the students and the independent variable at the student level was the amount of the time spent on the homework and at the school / teacher level is the amount of time that the teacher gives to the student for doing the homework. Three 2 level analyses were considered with three different sample sizes of 5, 50 and 238 and the impact of the sample size was examined on the fixed and random effects. The results showed that by increasing the sample size at the second level, the test power is increased and the estimation error is decreased. The standard deviation also increases with increasing the sample size and the dispersion reaches its maximum. Therefore, in order to obtain more accurate estimates of the covariance between the errors, increasing the number of the study groups is recommended at the second level.

The purpose of this study was to design a practical model to clarify the role of the educational stakeholders on the establishment of the knowledge management in the education system. The research method was descriptive of survey type. The research population included heads, deputies and experts and the school principals of Māzandarān education office. According to Cochran formula, 336 participants were selected as a sample from 2653 heads of the education offices, their assistants, experts and school' managers in Māzandarān, using a random cluster sampling method. The measurement tools were the researcher-made questionnaires of the educational stakeholders' role and the establishment of the knowledge management. The content and face validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by the experts. Cronbach's calculated alpha for the questionnaires were 0.91 and 0.87 respectively and the reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the variable of the stakeholders has three individual, organizational and procedural dimensions. The individual dimension has 7 components (personal motivation, awareness, skill, experience, willingness, participation and educability). The organizational dimension has 6 components (organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational technology, human resources, management and leadership, organizational environment). Also, the procedural dimension has 6 components (developing the knowledge-based process, providing the technical infra-structures, knowledge creation process, Knowledge acquisition process, knowledge conversion process, and knowledge application process). Among the three dimensions, the individual dimension had the most impact, and the procedural one had the least impact on the establishment of the knowledge management. The results of the structural equation test also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the role of the educational stakeholders and the establishment of the knowledge management in the education system of the Māzandarān province. Therefore, it could be concluded that the educational stakeholders have a role in the establishment of the knowledge management and the managers and authorities of education with the participation of the educational stakeholders, i.e., the teachers, principals, parents, medium and the non-governmental organizations could increase the efficiency of the organization.

Along with the changes made in Iran’s education system in the recent years, the subject of “the educational guidance” has also undergone some changes along with some challenges and damages. So, the main aim of this research was to examine the pathology of the 9th grade students' educational guidance process in Ilām province in the academic year of 2018-2019. Using the qualitative and quantitative tools, the present study was a mixed-methods one. In the qualitative section, using the thematic analysis method, the in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with students, parents, and counselors and to reach the theoretical saturation, 27 interviews was conducted. The sampling method was a purposeful type and the findings were validated by the participants’ perspectives. By coding and analyzing the codes, 44 conceptual codes were developed for the pathology of the subject, which were classified as the 8 main categories, i.e., the fundamental selection challenges, particular beliefs of the parents, symbolic forms, objective criterion of choice, inconsiderateness and doing casually, advisor’s performance from belief to disbelief, electronic failure, and the heterogeneous inductions. The quantitative section also included a sample size of 400 students who were selected using the random sampling method. The questionnaire was also designed based on the qualitative findings and its validity was verified by the confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed that among the eight qualitative harms derived, the challenges of choosing a discipline were the most important damage from the perspective of students. The results of the Mann-Whitney test to determine the main criterion for obtaining the field suggested that the students have recognized the record scores as the main criterion for obtaining the desired field of study.

The aim of the present research was the qualitative studyof the entrepreneurship in the handicrafts for the Isfahan primary school students. According to the method, it was qualitative-grounded theory and in terms of the purpose, it was an applied research. The participants included teachers, instructors, and principals that had the minimum criterion required for the engagement in the handicraft activities. In this qualitative grounded-theory study, the data were collected using the semi-structured in-depth interviews, up to the theoretical saturation, i.e., 19 interviews. Moreover, theoretical sampling was used, and to validate the data, review and re-reading and the professors’ views were used. The transcription and analysis of the interviews led to the detection of 34 concepts and 12 core themes (basic knowledge of the handicrafts, industry-based instances, entrepreneurial creativity, school, middle and administrative promoters, cultural and social atmosphere, psychological desires, future cognitive mapping, and primary and secondary consequences). Finally, the central idea of the study, that is “the entrepreneurship in the handicrafts as the knowledge, desire and value”, was formed that enjoys from a higher level of abstraction and comprehensiveness compared to the pivotal categories. Finally, the detected core themes were drawn using the different parts of the Strauss and Corbin’s paradigm model. Based on the results of the interview with the experts, it can be said that familiarizing the students with the entrepreneurship in handicrafts is necessary from the primary school level and it provides the ground for their development and desire.