نشریه معارف عقلی
پیاپی 39 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Abu al-Fath al-Karajaki al-Tripoli is a great Shiite narrator, jurist and theologian in the fifth century AH. He is one of the students of Abu Salah Halabi, SallarDeylami, Sheikh Tusi and Sheikh Mufid. This paper analyzes his semantic theories in the discussion of the attributes of God. The issue of divine attributes especially the semantic analysis of divine attributes is one of the most important issues in theology in the history of Islamic thought, which has been discussed by Muslim theologians and philosophers from various angles. Theologians have offered various theories about the rational interpretation of divine attributes; some believe in the negationand some liken the divine attributes to the attributes of the creatures, and some others believe in esoteric interpretation.What can be deduced from the surviving works of Karajakiis that in his view the divine attributes are meaningful explaining that, although some including cognitional, tendentious and functional aspect. The findings show that, faith gives insight to man and shows man’s dependency on God. In addition, faith flourishes the original tendencies and desires of man and transforms the actions and temperaments of the believer and prepares the ground for bringing man to the position of the divine caliphate of God. This article seeks to carefully examine issues related to faith.

The relationship between perfection and religion is one of the most important questions for thinkers whose response has a direct effect on the way of life of human beings. This paper seeks to study the dependency of human perfection on religion from Allame Tabatabai’s perspective with emphasis on the al-Mizan Commentary. Using a descriptive-analytical method this theoretical paper is proposed. The findings show that, the philosophy and purpose of religion is to bring man to perfection and to provide the ground for the realization of this basic purpose of creation. Accordingly, through His revelation and wisdom, God Almighty has provided His teachings in the form of books and law, in accordance with the intellect, nature and realities of human existence.

The problem of the relationship of evil with God has been one of the oldest human questions throughout history which has always bothered him. The question is, if the world has an All-powerful, All-knowing and All-benevolent creator, so how does He intend the existence of evil? Is He unaware of the existence of evil in the world and the suffering of His creatures? Does not He have the power to create a world free from evil? Or, despite His absolute awareness and power, did He create evil because of His lack of benevolence? While rejecting these possibilities, this article examines the reasons for the existence of evil in the world, based on the views of Fakhr Razi.

One of the important issues in the God-centered religions is the faith in God. This issue can be studied with different approaches such as philosophical, mystical, theological and revelatory approaches. One of the branches of this subject is the effects of different degrees of faith in God. Adopting a Quranictraditional approach, this paper studies the three dimensions and effects of faith, should be considered in the figurative sense, many of them should be considered in the true sense. In other words, regarding the interpretation of divine attributes, he believes in content participation in some attributes and esoteric interpretation in some other attributes.

One of the complicated theological and traditional issues is returning that take place after the advent of Imam Mahdi and the formation of his government. According to authentic hadiths and supplications, pure believers and pure disbelievers will be raised for worldly rewards and punishments. There is disagreement about the duration and quality of this event and the people who will be raised. To respond to questions, this paper seeks to analyze the issue of returning from the perspective of later theologians. A rational approach to the issue of returning and the quality of the body of the resurrected people in terms of their ideal or material form is another goal of this paper.

The discussion of the divine word has a long precedent in the history of religions and humanity. In Islam, too, theologians have explored the word of God as one of His attributes. But this issue has deepened and become more existential in Mulla Sadra’s philosophical system. Mulla Sadra, on the one hand, has an epistemological view towards the existence and, on the other hand, has an ontological view towards the divine knowledge. In other words, he sees no separation between existence and divine guidance. From Sadra’s point of view, the universe and its levels are full of meaning, all of which represent God as a sign. This article, while explaining the truth of the divine word and the quality of its perception, deals with various aspects of the problem and examines the types of divine word from the perspective of Transcendent theosophy and examines the truth of the existence of the Qur’an as a manifestation of the divine word in the world. This paper also analyzes the relationship between the divine word, human existence and the promotion of his existence.