International Journal of Political Science
Volume:10 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

In examining Iran's political culture, the "historical, cultural, cognitive and psychological" approach is of great importance. In the historical approach, political culture is criticized and explored with a long-term and historical-oriented view; in the psychological approach, the moral traits and general morals of the Iranian people are considered and in the cultural approach, the factors that underlie the political culture of Iran and the influence of the three cultural fields of "Iranian, Islamic and Western" are given priority. In the contemporary period, several dependent variables have influenced political culture, including; Demographic developments, changing levels of education and the population pyramid of the middle class, the process of industrialization and increasing urbanization, increasing the level of knowledge of the people, increasing relations with the outside world, globalization of culture and communication and information and changing the one-way flow of government with the people. He noted the growing popularity of modern reference groups (academics, intellectuals, modernist clerics). At the same time, there are serious disagreements about the causes of the immutability of political culture - despite the great political, economic, social, cultural developments of the contemporary period. From the author's point of view, the stagnant causes of Iranian political culture are a collection of various historical, structural, brokerage, political, sociological, cultural, psychological, and economic factors. For this reason, the five variables "public culture"; "Epistemological system"; "The structure of the Persian language"; "Provincial system"; "Cultural underdevelopment" and "the relationship between the state and the nation" have been considered as the main parameters in explaining the current situation. Thus, Iran's political culture is the result of political, economic, and especially cultural structures formed throughout Iran's history; To change the foundations of a subordinate political culture based on the principle of citizenship, and to establish a participatory political culture, it is necessary to reform the educational system at an early age (ration-al political culture) and to reform the economic structure (non-governmental production of resources and wealth). Attention should be paid to the principle of "culture building" as the top priority of "civil society" and "government" for a long period of time. Accordingly, a fundamental change in Iran's political culture and the institutionalization of participatory political culture would not have been possible without the use of the capacity of intellectual and instrumental elites. This impact will be lasting and institutionalized if it begins in the field of education, especially at an early age.

Globalization as a phenomenon resulted from the universality of modernity has influenced various dimensions of the Islamic Republic of Iran's identity in the economic, political, cultural and social spheres. One of the identity dimensions of the Islamic Republic of Iran affected by globalization is the political identity with national, revolutionary, Islamic and modern dimensions. The main question of the research is that why globalization has had the greatest impact on modern identity in Iran given the increasing spread of globalization in contemporary period. Our hypothesis is that the Iranian society has evolved into modern identity and values such as democracy, freedom of expression, and civil society for a variety of reasons, including demographic change and the emergence of the middle class, and new demands since the mid-1990s, as well as Iranian society approach towards it as part of its political identity. The overall result of the Research which is carried out via documentary and surveying method and focusing on case study (students of the Departments of Humanities and Technical & Engineering of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch) indicates that most of these student’s view modern identity as part of their political identity.

Many cities have commenced transformative projects and designs called Smart City Innovation to better serve their citizens and improve the quality of their lives, which have depended on the governance of these cities. With the approval of the E-government and the National Information Network in the path of creating an e-city that is a prerequisite for the smart city has taken the steps in this regard. Nevertheless, if the current status of Iran be studied in terms of smart cities, it can be found that even the metropolis of Tehran as the capital and most advanced city of the country is still far from the standards of a smart city. One of the main barriers to urban management, especially in metropolitan areas, is the urban management fragmentation in the arenas of policymaking, decision-making, planning, guidance and supervision. Meanwhile, smart city realization within the framework of good urban governance considered as one of the most important concerns of Tehran metropolis in metropolitan management. Tehran needs to be equipped with any smart component that includes smart economy, smart transport, smart sustainable environment, smart citizens, smart lifestyle and smart office management. Obviously, this move will be gradual, step-by-step, programmed, and of course, with the necessary supports it also will be legal, infrastructure, legal and cultural. Therefore, entering the arena of smart cities in Tehran requires the necessary infrastructures, especially the development of telecommunication infrastructures in (1) the production of content and applications tailored to the needs of the citizens (subject to update), (2) the focus on human capabilities (especially digital literacy) and (3) the equal use of all citizens from these abilities in order to reduce the digital divide and other issues and problems. However, in the absence of attention this issue in the long run it can be irreparable.

Earth is one, but the world is not so. This formula reminds us that humans are on a ship. But to the number of states, there is a captain! Fortunately, the need for international cooperation has intensified at the beginning of the 21st century. In any case, if the rules for unhealthy or hazardous institutions, the pollution of the environment, waste, mountains and beaches are properly implemented and there is a co-ordination between the law enforcement agencies with each other and with the people as well as between the governments, it was somewhat hoped for environmental protection. On the other hand, current non-governmental organizations in the world, as well as being viewed as an expression of democracy in societies, as part of the government's parallel institutions, are part of its operational burden. In addition, non-governmental organizations play additional supervisory and executive roles for other components in the network, so that without their presence, the international environmental law system does not have the coordinates of a complete and complete system. For this purpose, the present paper analyzes the status of NGOs advocacy in international environmental law, and identifies the dimensions, design and adoption of policies and strategies at national, regional and international levels.

The present study intends to examine the capitals of the clergy in the Safavid and Qajar periods and then compare the two periods using Pierre Bourdieu's theory. To examine this issue, this question arises that What changes and developments have taken place هn the capitals of the clergy in the Qajar period compared to the Safavid period? The hypothesis of the article is that due to this fact that during the Qajar period, reforms and renovations were carried out by modernists in various fields, the capitals held by the clergy since the Safavid period were threatened and restricted. Thus, the symbolic, cultural, economic and social capital of the clergy in the Qajar period has decreased compared to the Safavid period and has faced threats. The present study intends to examine these developments with a comparative approach.

Among the most basic concepts in IR, power is one directly or indirectly associated with many others like security, national interests, diplomacy. National interests are already safeguarded with power, which has changed over time. Publicness, subjectivity, polarity, relativity and unquantifiability are among its features and parameters. Power also maintains the status quo structurally. The special task of a world power is to ensure international security and peace. Power can be defined through the framework of realism and liberalism. A shift from hard power to soft power and from real environment to cyber environment is the object of study in the discussion on the changing concept of power. In this study, the aim is to find the changes the concept of power has undergone. The point of departure for this concept in the present century is defined by a case study on the challenges of Iran‟s cyber strategies. This is the response to the question: what challenges pale Iran‟s cyber strategies with respect to the dynamics of power? It is believed that the main challenges Iran faces in the cyber space, considering the past trends and experiences of other status, include the difficulty and complexity in recognizing cyberspace, being a user in all areas, insufficient public trust in the government‟s cyber plans, lack of a comprehensive and efficient cyber strategy, is landing practices and not keeping pace with the revolution in the cyber space.