نشریه علوم ورزش
پیاپی 38 (تابستان 1399)

The aim of this study was to develop a model of barriers to participation of women with physical-movement disabilities in team sports and its relationship with participation motivation. The methodology was correlational (structural equations). The statistical population consisted of female athletes with physical-movement disabilities in Iran who were active in two sport fields: para-volleyball and basketball with wheelchair and 300 subjects were selected by stratified sampling method. In order to collect data, the researcher-made Barriers to Participation Questionnaire and Hong Yong Lin (2010) Participation Motivation Questionnaire were used. The proposed model was presented by a review of related literature and theoretical foundations. After the qualitative steps, the final model factors were identified based on the experts’ viewpoints. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed and the factors were identified. Structural equation modeling was used to develop the model. The results showed that the model fit indices supported the strong desirability of the model, and the final model consisting of individual, physical, psychological, managerial, economic, media support, coaching role, cultural-religious, attitudes of others and social support was introduced. There was a causal relationship between psychological, managerial, media support, economic, attitudes of others and participation motivation, and there was no causal relationship between individual, structural, coaching role, social support, cultural-religious and participation motivation. The findings of this study suggest more effective planning to remove barriers so that the motivation to participate in women with physical-movement disabilities can increase.

The aim of this study was to develop the model of the role of communication marketing tactics in the brand love of Iran futsal premier league clubs fans which was a case study in Mashhad Farsh Ara sport cultural club using structural equation modeling. This study was descriptive-survey. And the population consisted of Mashhad Farsh Ara sport club fans. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at the significance level of 0.05. As the path coefficient between communication marketing and brand personality was almost positive (0.24) and the related t statistic was equal to 15.16, it can be concluded (with 95% confidence) that this path coefficient was significant at the error level of 0.05. The significant and direct (positive) relationship between communication marketing and brand love was confirmed. Generally, the development of structural equation modeling of the role of communication marketing in brand love of Iran futsal premier league fans stated that an insertion of a new concept named love into Iran premier league clubs is a serious need and more attention to the fans’ needs is required to reach this important issue and to employ the positive results of this insertion into Iran football.

The aim of this study was to identify and test the social responsibility model of Persepolis Club with satisfaction, loyalty and future attendance of spectators. The research method was descriptive and correlation and the statistical population consisted of all Persepolis fans attending PersepolisTabriz Mashinsazi match on May 11, 2019 (one of the Iran premier league matches). The sample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan table (n=381) by simple random sampling method. Jalali Farahani and Sajjadi Social Responsibility Questionnaire (2012), Oliver Audience Satisfaction Questionnaire (1997), Mousavi, Elahi and Hadavi Attitudinal Loyalty Questionnaire (2013), Mousavi, Elahi and Hadavi Behavioral Loyalty Questionnaire (2013), Lim Attendance Tendency Questionnaire (2006) were used to collect data. Inferential statistics including confirmatory factor analysis test, structural equation modeling to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire items were used and Pearson correlation test and univariate regression test were applied to determine the relationships and predict the research variables. These statistical tests were performed by SPSS22 software. The results showed a significant positive relationship between social responsibility of Persepolis Club and spectators’ satisfaction. There was also a positive significant relationship between spectators’ satisfaction and attitudinal and behavioral loyalty and between attitudinal and behavioral loyalty and future attendance of spectators. There was a positive significant relationship between attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Given these findings, it is recommended that managers of sport clubs and organizations should pay more attention to the dimensions and activities of social responsibility and to consider such activities in their long-term plans.

There is no doubt that in addition to personal capabilities and team skills for athletes, sport responsibility affects their success and championship. The championships and national and international positions and glories influence not only personal and group responsibilities of the athletes but also professional responsibility of sport organizations in relation to the society. Citizens expect to see their athletes not only on top but on top of the ethical standards and remember them as legends. The aim of the current study was to construct and validate the sport responsibility measurement instrument. The present study used exploratory factor analysis to obtain desirable statistical results. Firstly, qualitative data and then quantitative data were collected and analyzed. The considered instrument was distributed among 360 players of volleyball premier league teams in order to statistically examine the internal stability and construct validity of the instrument which was performed with exploratory factor analysis of main data using major components method by orthogonal rotation. After quantitative and qualitative steps, the final questionnaire with 30 items for all factors and sub-factors was constructed. This study extracted a suitable instrument to evaluate responsibility in athletes.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of sport for all development in Islamic Azad University that was carried out using the systematic theory of grounded theory. The participants in the present study were experts of sport for all and 20 subjects were selected by theoretical sampling for deep interviews and interviews continued until theoretical saturation. For data analysis, open, axial and selective coding was used. 450 initial conceptual propositions with 14 categories and 38 concepts in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigmatic model including causal features (1 category), the main phenomenon (increased participation of students, staff and faculty members), strategy (2 categories), the underlying features (5 categories), environmental features (4 categories) and outcome (1 category) were identified. The results of the research model showed that improvement in attitude and awareness, increase in motivation, interest, vitality and happiness can attract the participation of students, staff and faculty members in university sport for all. Therefore, it is essential that sport for all development policies in Islamic Azad University are based on the model developed in this study to develop sport for all and increase the participation of individuals.

The aim of this study was to develop the sustainable development model of student sport participation in Iran. The research method was qualitative using grounded theory that is an inductive and exploratory research method. The research domain included experts and beneficiaries of the near and far environments of student sport. The sampling method was snowball based on the theoretical approach and continued until theoretical saturation. 20 semistructured and exploratory interviews were conducted. The members investigated the validity of the findings by matching methods. The results of data analysis were divided into separate concepts during three levels of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings showed that the coding process within the 6 dimensions of the paradigm model including contextual factors such as laying the groundwork for software, hardware and specialist human force infrastructure, causal conditions such as creating an attitude of sportsmanship and altruism among students, central phenomenon components such as development of the whole system of sport with educational sport, intervening factors such as the parallelism of sport organizations and strategies such as the revision and facilitation of laws and regulations on the attraction of financial sponsors and charities and consequences such as achieving national dignity and authority was identified and extracted. The results showed that the synergy and participation of families, organizations and institutions enhance student dynamism and social vitality and lay the groundwork for the development of financial sources and infrastructure of student sport.

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the questionnaire of security of sport complexes. The statistical population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section included sport management experts comprising 11 Delphi community members. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of managers and staff of Karaj sport facilities (N = 785). In the qualitative section, all 11 experts who were the members of Delphi panel were selected as the research sample. In the quantitative section, given the nature of the study, 150 subjects were randomly selected in the research instrument design phase; they performed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire. A researcher-made questionnaire with 51 items and 12 components was used in this study. The components included environment control (4 items), entrance control (5 items), qualification and accreditation of individuals (4 items), physical protection systems (4 items), risk management (4 items), emergency management (5 items), communication (3 items), security personnel (4 items), education (modeling and simulation) (5 items), protection against toxic substances (4 items), sport facility structure (6 items) and cultural practices (4 items). Each item was on a 5-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was face and construct. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sport management professors. KMO test was used for sampling adequacy and to understand if the number of items were enough to predict each component. Bartlett test was used to determine if the items were adequately correlated. In inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The following components were identified: environment control, entrance control, qualification and accreditation of individuals, physical protection systems, risk management, emergency management, communications, security personnel, education (modeling and simulation), protection against toxic substances, sport facility structure and cultural practices.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility and the image and identity of the national team of Iran. The research method was descriptive and correlation and as the data were normal, stepwise regression was used. The study population consisted of the authorities of Football Federation, league organization, professional and championship deputy of Ministry of Sport and print and virtual media of sport fields. 77 subjects were selected as the sample by convenience sampling method. Cheng-Wook (2012) social responsibility questionnaire, Winters and Graf (1996) team image questionnaire and Gunner and Swanson team identity questionnaire (2002) were used to collect data. The results showed that the ethical, legal and economic components had the most relationship with the image of the national team and less relationship with team identity. Among the social responsibility components, moral, economic and legal responsibilities had the most relationship with the image of national team. In the first step, moral responsibility explained 72% of the variance of the image of the national team. In the second step, moral and economic responsibilities explained a total of 83% of the variance of the image of the national team. In the third step, moral, economic and legal responsibilities explained a total of 84% of the variance of the image of national team. Also, no predictive relationship was found between social responsibility components and identity. Football Federation authorities can prioritize their measurements as ethical, economic and legal components in order to strengthen the image and identity of the national team through employing social responsibility.