Jorjani Biomedicine Journal
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Autumn 2020

Summary: Adenosine through adenosine receptor have a crucial role in biology of lung cancer. Recent study indicated adenosine receptors have a crucial role in various aspect of lung cancer from cell growth and metastasis to modulation of apoptosis and it could be considered as a potential candidate for treatment of the lung cancer.

 Currently, diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to several factors diagnosis of this disease is complex and prone to human error. This study aimed to analyze the risk of having diabetes based on laboratory information, life style and, family history with the help of machine learning algorithms. When the model is trained properly, people can examine their risk of having diabetes.

 To classify patients, by using Python, eight different machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayesian, Neural Network and Gradient Boosting) were analysed. were evaluated by accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and ROC curve parameters.

 The model based on the gradient boosting algorithm showed the best performance with a prediction accuracy of %95.50.

 In the future, this model can be used for diagnosis diabete. The basis of this study is to do more research and develop models such as other learning machine algorithms.

Peritonsillar infection may emerge in two forms of abscess and cellulitis. Several factors could cause the disease, and effective treatments are required following the diagnosis. However, recurrence is likely after the treatment, threatening the health of the patients. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to evaluate the cases of peritonsillar infection and some of the influential factors in 5th Azar Hospital of Gorgan, Iran during 2010-2017.

This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted by assessing the medical files of the patients with peritonsillar infection. The incomplete files were completed via phone call with the patients. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16.

In total, 93 patients were evaluated with the mean age of 32.31±14.59 years, and the majority of the patients were aged 20-30 years (33.31%). In terms of gender, 58.1% of the subjects were male, and the others (41.9%) were female. Peritonsillar abscess and peritonsillar cellulitis were detected in 76 (81.7%) and 17 cases (18.3%), respectively. In addition, significant correlations were observed between opium use, smoking habits, and abscess formation (P=0.014).

Considering the prevalence of peritonsillar infection and the possibility of recurrence after tonsillectomy, it is recommended that the necessary training be provided to the patients regarding the possibility of recurrence and surgery, especially upon discharge.

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common human diseases with approximately 400 million people affected worldwide. G6PD Chatham is caused by 1003 G>A mutation leads to a severe enzymatic deficiency. The aim of the present study is to investigate the frequency rate of the Chatham mutations in the population of the North-West of Iran.

In this study, by Rapid Genomic DNA Extraction (RGDE) method, from 90 peripheral blood samples of unrelated male and female patients with genetic deficiency of G6PD, DNA was extracted and after digestion by Bstx1 enzymes, in order to search for Chatham mutation, they were analyzed by means of PCR-RFLP and sequencing methods.

According to the results, Chatham mutation was observed in 10 samples (11.11%).

This study showed that G6PD Chatham (1003 G>A) mutation is the second common mutation, after Mediterranean (563C>T), in the population of the North-West of Iran. Further studies are recommended to identify the mutation type of other varieties.

Some common problems in the health care system are Microbial resistance to antibiotics, the side effects of food additives, and preservatives. Considering the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms and the need to identify new compounds, the present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial effects of Artemisia extracts.

Material And Method:

 The study was performed in two stages including extraction and determination of antibacterial properties of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, acetone/ethanolic, and hydroethanolic extracts of Artemisia on standard Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, and oral bacteria sample. The well diffusion method was performed to evaluate the concentration that had an inhibitory and bactericidal effect.

Aqueous extract had an effect on the oral bacteria sample (8 mm), the methanolic extract had an effect on S. pyogenes and oral bacteria sample (15 mm) and finally acetone/ethanolic extracts had antimicrobial properties against S. pyogenes (16 mm). The concentration used for all five extracts was 50 mg/ml and showed an inhibition effect on the growth of S. pyogenes standard strain and oral bacteria sample. The less serial dilutions of extracts were tested but no antibacterial effects were seen. So, 50 mg/ml was the minimum concentration that had an inhibitory and bactericidal effect.

It can be inferred that aqueous, methanolic, and acetone/ethanolic extracts of Artemisia had the highest inhibitory effect on S. pyogenes and the oral bacteria sample. Consequently, by applying different extraction methods and by utilizing different solvents, it may be possible to more efficiently obtain biomaterials with antimicrobial properties from this plant.

The effect of aerobic exercise (AE) on cardiovascular (CVD) related risk factors are still debatable. Therefore this randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was performed with unique and specific AE protocol to investigate the effect of eight-week AE only on female subjects with type 2 diabetes.

A controlled RCT was performed on 30 women with type 2 diabetes aged 30 - 50. They were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and control by block randomization method. The intervention group received an incremental AE for eight weeks, three sessions per week, max heart rate (55-75%) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) 12-13 for 150 minutes per week. Blood samples were taken before and after each intervention for both groups to be evaluated for fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)].

Eight-week AE intervention led to a significant decrease in HbA1c, FBS levels (p = 0.025, p=0.003) in experimental group compared to control however no significant differences was observed in terms of lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C and HDL-C) between control and experimental group (p> 0.05). The results of paired t-test showed that FBS, TC and HbA1c levels were significantly reduced within experimental group after intervention compared to pre-test (p = 0.038, p = 0.05, p = 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference between TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels within experimental group between pre and post-test (p>0.05).

It can be concluded that AE has been effectively reduce FBS, HbA1c and TC in women type 2 diabetes.

 In recent years, with the increase in resistance due to the indiscriminate use of synthetic antibiotics, it seems necessary to find alternative drugs that have both antibacterial properties and have the least side effects for humans. The purpose of this study is to review the antibacterial properties of some medicinal plants.

In this review study, the content related to the antibacterial properties of Thymus vulgaris, Mentha pulegium, Crocus sativus, and Salvia officinalis were studied within Magiran, SID, PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Scopus databases from 1981 to 2019. Previously published specialized articles and systematic meta-analysis were used as a supplementary source for identifying relevant articles.  Finally, data from 46 articles were pooled and analyzed.

Extracts and essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Mentha pulegium, Crocus sativus, and Salvia officinalis had a good antibacterial properties against a variety of pathogenic bacteria and their infections.

According to the results of this study, the studied plants can be considered as a suitable option for treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria and helping to Return the sensitivity of antibiotics in these bacteria, and this requires more comprehensive research on medicinal plants.

 Damages to the oromaxillofacial region, if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, will cause permanent, serious clinical problems because of the characteristics of this anatomical region. Accordingly, the present study was performed on a 5-year investigation of epidemiology of oromaxillofacial fractures in patients admitted to Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj, Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 235 medical files of patients with damages to the oromaxillofacial region available in the archive of Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj from 2013 to 2018 were chosen as census and examined. Demographic variables including site and cause of fracture were recorded for each patient on information forms. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software and presented as descriptive statistics.

 In this study, out of 235 patients with oromaxillofacial fractures, 178 (75.7%) were male and 97 (41.3%) were female, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 30.96 ± 14.91 years. The main affected anatomical regions were as follows: Mandible 269 cases (49.17%), maxilla 117 cases (21.39%), and cheekbone 51 cases (9.32%). Accidents occuring with motor vehicles was the main cause of these fractures in 132 patients (56.2%).

The results of the present study indicated that the fractures of oromaxillofacial regions were more common in men, young people, and middle-aged individuals, and mostly occurred in the mandible, maxilla, and cheekbone, with the main cause of these fractures being accidents happening with motor vehicles.