Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal
Volume:10 Issue: 1, Spring 2020

Substance abuse has a reciprocal association with the individualschr('39') general health; and its incidence among medical students is highly variable over time.

The present study aimed to investigate the factors involved in the substance abuse and its association with medical studentschr('39') general health.

The present mixed-method study was conducted on the medical students of Azad University of Tabriz in 2018 with Stratified Random Sampling. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and a researcher-made substance abuse questionnaire and then was analyzed through tests, chi-square, ANOVA, post hoc Howell Games and Multivariate regression models were using the SPSS16.

150 medical students with a mean age of 26.98±3.46 are participating in the present study. 17.3% of students were substance abusers. The highest rate of abuse was related to Ritalin. The mean scores of the general health of addicted and non-addicted students were 42.65±11.95 and 23.62±16.83 respectively, and it was statistically significant (p= 0.012). Academic pressure was the main reason for Substance Abuse. Anxiety and insomnia were the most essential predictors decreasing general health among students with substance abuse.

The prevalence of substance abuse among medical students was unexpected. Medical students are at risk of addiction due to the inadequate distribution of academic pressure and other predisposing factors. The implementation of practical strategies in training environments, families, and society is very important to prevent and improve the current status.

Social well-being is one of the main health dimensions that needs to be assessed.

As there are few studies on the social well-being dimensions, the current study aimed to determine the social well-being of women of reproductive age and the related factors in Zanjan, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 382 women of reproductive age (10-49 years), referred to the Health Centers of Zanjan, Iran. Samples were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method, according to the socioeconomic status. Data were collected, using the Keyes social well-being questionnaire as a tool with good validity and reliability. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using descriptive and analytical tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple regressions). The statistical significance level was considered as p<0.05.

In total, 382 women were assessed, and their social well-being total mean score was 64.7±6.5. The domains of Social contribution (16.8) and Social integration (10.8) had the highest and the lowest mean score, respectively. Those women and their husbands’ who had a higher educational level (p<0.001, P=0.03) and were employed (P=0.003, p=0,004) were more likely to have better social well-being. A significant association was found between the social well-being and socio-economic level (P<0.001). No significant association was found among age groups and marital status with social well-being. The educational level and sufficient income were found significant as independent variables associated with social well-being in the multiple linear Regression models.

The majority of women had a moderate level of social well-being. When planning for improving social well-being, education and income should be considered. Further research to improve the dimensions of social well-being in women in reproductive age is recommended.

Diabetes is one of the major health issues worldwide and a challenge for health care providers.

The aim of this study was to determine the status of psychological adjustment and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 350 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Vally-e-Asr Medical Center in Zanjan and Special Endocrinology Clinic in 2019. These patients were included in the study by the Poisson distribution method. Demographic and clinical factors questionnaires and valid Diabetes Adjustment Assessment Scale (DAAS) were used in this study. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS22 software. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-tests, and analysis of variance were applied.

The mean of total adjustment in this study was 162.79± 18.06. The highest mean of adjustment was related to advanced self-management (4.15± 0.84) and the lowest mean of adjustment was about the initial imaging of illness (3.23± 0.67). Patientschr('39') adjustment had a statistically significant relationship with hospitalization history, family history of diabetes, HbA1C level, history of physical, psychological, and social problems caused by diabetes, place of residence, marital status, education, occupation, age, duration of illness, and income.

In this study, patients had an acceptable adjustment. Because adjustment varies among individuals and is influenced by demographic, clinical, and social factors, it is recommended that diabetic caregivers include individual-oriented diabetes education and promotion of adjustment to the disease in their program.

Domestic violence as a social factor has a significant role in the duration and quality of breastfeeding.

This study aims to determine association of domestic violence and early suppression of lactation in Mothers Referring to Health Centers in Lahijan- Iran.

The present study is a retrospective case-control study. Participants included 235 mothers, 150 breastfeeding mothers and 85 mothers discontinued breastfeeding. Sampling was carried out by convenience and quota method in five urban health centers of Lahijan. The study tools were demographic information, domestic violence, and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess status of breastfeeding. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression by SPSS 16 software (P-value <0.05).

The average age of mothers was calculated to be about 27.97 years. According to the results of this study, mothers in the lactation group (group1) (93.33%) started breastfeeding more than esl group (group 2) (67.06%) (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of unwanted pregnancy rate, cesarean section, and motherschr('39') academic education (P-value> 0.05). The rate of psychological and physical violence in the group 1 was significantly higher than the group 1 and the chance of physical violence in group 2 was significantly (about 10 times) higher than the group1 (10, OR 001/0= P).

It seems that physical and psychological domestic violence is directly associated with early suppression of lactation, so screening of domestic violence and appropriate interventions are recommended be considered in maternal care programs.

Marital satisfaction is a crucial component of emotional stability of couples and plays a vital role in the function of family and society. Therefore, investigating the causes and factors affecting this category is of particular importance.

The present study aims to compare marital life satisfaction in the elderly and non-elderly people and related factors in 2012.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 257 men and women covered by healthcare centers of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. The instruments used included the ENRICH marital satisfaction inventory and the demographic characteristics questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey post-hoc test). (P-value<0.05).

The results revealed that marital satisfaction in the non-elderly group (11.370±511.50) was significantly higher than the elderly group (10.296±901.55) (P<0.05). Examining the factors related to the level of marital satisfaction, it was found that the components of income level, occupation, and level of education in both groups were directly related to the marital satisfaction score. The number of children in the non-elderly group is inversely and in the elderly group was directly related to marital satisfaction (P<0.05).

It seems necessary to make decisions to improve the factors related to marital satisfaction in the elderly as the elderly population is growing. Moreover, to achieve the standard levels of health, it is necessary to pay attention to all aspects of health in different age groups.

Mothers in the postpartum period experiences a change in sleep pattern and loss of sleep duration. In the meantime, factors can cause irregular sleep patterns and decreased sleep quality.

The aim of this study was investigating the factors of fertility, anxiety and physical activity on the sleep quality of the lactating women visiting healthcare centers in Zanjan, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 2018 to 2019 on 380 women aged 14-45 years referred Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan and its affiliated clinics who were maximally 6 months postpartum and selected by convenience sampling method. The measuring tools used in this study included Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and a checklist containing demographic-fertility. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using descriptive and analytical tests (t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square). The statistical significance level was considered as p<0.05.

in this study 45.8% (n= 174) of the participants suffered from mild anxiety and 13.2% (n= 50) of them from moderate anxiety. The mean score of their sleep quality was 4.70± 3.06. The effect of physical activity (p-value= 0.006) and anxiety level (p-value= 0.002) on womenchr('39')s sleep quality was statistically significant.

The results of the present study confirm the positive effect of regular physical activity and the negative effects of anxiety on sleep quality of the breastfeeding mothers.

Cooperative learning as an educational approach plays a crucial role in English as a second/foreign language education. The effective role of cooperative learning seems to be so dominant that it deserves further investigation.

This study aimed at investigating the impact of cooperative learning strategies on reading comprehension and vocabulary learning of nursing students in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

Seventy eight female nursing students, who were enrolled in two intact classes, constituted the participants of the study. To select participants with equal language proficiency, the researchers administered the Oxford Placement Test. Forty learners whose scores fell between one standard deviation below and above the mean were selected. Then, the researchers used a pre-test to check the participants’ reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge of the participants. The participants were randomly devided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=20) was taught through the cooperative strategies while the control group (n=20) was instructed through conventional methods. After the treatment, a post-test was employed to measure the students’ reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge. The data was analyzed by independent sample t-test using SPSS-16 software.

The results of the Independent Samples t-test showed that cooperative strategies have a significant influence on the participantschr('39') reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge.

It was concluded that cooperative learning should be practiced in reading and vocabulary classes as they solve many of the problems students face in traditional settings.

Autism is a developmental disorder that impairs social relationships. Sleep disorders are one of the major problems of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Concerning the need to investigate problems and impairments caused by this disease, the present study aimed at determining the effect of an eight-week endurance training program plus Q10 supplementation on sleep quality in children with ASD in 2017.

The present double-blind study was performed on three experimental groups. Group 1 performed eight-week endurance training on a one-mile distance as brisk walking. Group 2 received 100 mg Q10 supplements daily and Group 3 underwent a combination of both interventions. Pre- and post-tests were performed to determine the sleep habits of the study subjects using the childrenchr('39')s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ) by parents. Finally, the pre- and post-tests data were compared using the paired samples t-test.

A significant difference was observed between the pre- and post-test results in the mean total and eight subscales scores in the endurance training plus Q10 supplementation group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the pre- and post-test results in the sleep anxiety and sleep-disordered breathing subscales in the endurance training group and the sleep-disordered breathing subscale in the supplementation group.

According to the study results, it seems that the sleep of children with autism was improved by increased physical activity and Q10 supplementation.