نشریه تفسیر و تحلیل متون زبان و ادبیات فارسی (دهخدا)
پیاپی 44 (تابستان 1399)

Beyhaghi in his history refers to valuable points about the behavior and actions of individuals and the causes of the incidents. The audience is enchanted by his detailed and sequential descriptions and reads and accepts history on the pretext of its fictional form. This history, like other histories, does not function as a stereotype, and Beyhaghi always tries to create a contradiction in the mind of the reader by using some linguistic signs and causes him to think about the analysis and retrieval of the blind points of history.  Language, which is a body of games and linguistic functions, is a means to perceive these contradictions. However, the understanding of a language game requires participation in that as a form of life that the linguistic game in question lies in its context. This article tries to draw the reader attention to Beyhaghi’s efforts to bring the dialogues and discourses together and to explain all its angles and then analyze transcendence and language games of these discourses and emphasize the characters. The tricks and language games of this discourse and its people emphasize. By examining the voices of the texts, the reader becomes closer to the speaker’s mental circle and the true meaning is obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to step through the use of information and linguistic indications to fill the void text spaces and by analyzing the hidden layers of the text, reach from the “conversation” to the “sub-text” and activate the text meanings. At the same time, paying attention to the active elements in the context of the text, the style of writing and the implications and parallel stories, we get familiarize with using language games and the use of internal and external situations for each other for seduction and illusion.

The word "Reification" originated in the thought of Western Marxism, which is the main source of the thought of George Lukacs. This term develops from the concepts of alienation and idolization of Marxism and Weber's rationalization theory, and the Frankfurt School continues with the rationality of modern critique with the interpretation of modern rationality. In this study, using Lukács's idea of ​​social reality and through the relation of culture and society, he studies the contemplation of the works of contemporary author Zoya Pirzad. The author emphasizes issues such as disregard for the worker, the worker's struggle to achieve their rights, and the like in these novels. The author is a supporter of the working class and against the capitalist class. Old-fashioned novels are the story of the lives of people living at the lower levels of society. The working class, which are dominated by capitalism, are dominated by capitalism. The novel's characters, symbols of society, are of the lower stratum and seek to attain their lost rights. The author has criticized the capitalist system for its stories hero.

There are valuable works in Persian literature whose purpose is to guide man and pave the way for a healthy and better life. Writers and poets have always strived to express ethical principles and concepts in a beautiful and effective language. As a moral teacher, Saadi has sought to warn people of their ignorance and show them the right path. Therefore, his works have always attracted the attention of Persian writers and poets. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, a thirteenth-century writer and poet, also influenced Sa'adi's themes and method in Golshan's book. This descriptive-analytical study has introduced a linear version of Golshan and has compared its aspects with Sa'adi's Golestan. The results show that following Saadi's style in Golshan is done artfully, creatively and literally and the use of rhetoric and arrays and similes is based on eloquence and rhetoric. The Word of Revelation and prophetic hadiths are one of the sources of inspiration in Golestan and Golshan. Kermani has tried, by storytelling or using magic as Saadi's, to convey the sublime concepts to the audience. Golshan's common themes with Golestan are: thanksgiving, the Prophet's prayer, mindfulness, avoidance of anger and jealousy, justice and kingly admonition.

Whenever based Gerard Genette's theory، first text criticizes and interprets second text their relationship will be metatextual. Accordingly can be considered two types of metatextualate forTazkeratol Awlia. The first type is the inner metatextuality or confirmatory comments and interpretations is located in between or the end of anecdotes and sayings .Outer metatextuality includes confirmatory comments or denial about text that Finds a critical aspect and distinct interpretations of the text. Tazkeratol Awlia is the book that most of its contents is Awlia's anecdotes and sayings. According to Attar's word in his book's introduction, he intended to Quote less from herself in the middle of his book but There are phrases in this book that is explanation and interpretation of The mystics's anecdotes and sayings and Shows the author's opinion towards them . These phrases are presented in various ways and in different titles and is considered a species of metatextuality. Also the criticisms and opinions of writers, scholars, and critics of mysticism form another form of this work's metatextualitis.

Greimas is one of the most important theorists of Theory of Narrative Semiotics, aiming of knowing meaning and its structure, Greimas tried to achieve the global grammer of narrative language. In the analysis of narrative texts, Greimas’ actional pattern is better than other narrative pattern and tries to Discourse Action. Analyze the content of the text. Gremas is one of the theorists in Structuralism, which provides a comprehensive and universal model for analyzing narrative texts. Narrative, the dynamics of the characters and the elements of interna-text because of application of the stream of consciousness, the analysis of dialogue between the fictional elements are functions of Gremas’ Actional Pattern In this paper which its method is analysis and descriptive, the fundamental question is whether the novel written in surrealistic space, how much Greimas’Theory of Narrative Semiotics can analyze at the narrative structure (plot), and which is the factors of discourse in the production of meaning based on Greimas’ actional pattern?. The story of “Wake up Mergan and the absence of Soluch " in Missing Soluchhas a narrative structure, and its deep construction can be explained and analyzed with Narratology of Gremas’ Actional Pattern.

In spite of the negatives of Iran-Iraq imposed war, the war had a positive effect on our Literature andcreated a literary genre called HollyDefenseliterature ofwhich Holy Defence children’s &young adults’ literature is a sub-branch, created by the needs of society.Dashtban by Ahmad Dehghan is one of theseworks in the field of children and young adults.In this study we examined the structure of the novel based on the theory of Cloudbremond .The structural analytical research methodof thetext and the purpose of the research give the answer to this main question that if the structure of the novelbased on the theory of Cloud is analyzable. The findings of the study show that this novel is consistent with the above theory,consisting of one main sequence and a couple of minor sequences, and different types of concrete and linked chain sequencesare used in it.Also, all the three functions of possibility, process and consequence mentioned in the theory perfectly fitwith the structure of the novel. Dehghan, by the thorough knowledge of teen audience and the art of narration created a structured story which has a great role in conveying valuable concepts of holy defence to the today’s children and young adults of Iran.

One of the most pivotal issues in Rumi and Zagzebski’s thoughts is the components of virtue and morals virtuosity. Patterning virtue morality by promoting and demonstrating the issue, Rumi endeavours to make his audience comprehend the morality. According to Zagzebski’s comparison with Rumi, it is believed that Rumi’s morality and virtue are as identical as Zagzebski’s. Rumi and Zagzebski concur with the view that virtue is admirable, furthermore prosperity lies in it. In fact, Rumi’s emotions and feelings are led to honesty and loyalty by his moral values, thus it gets Rumi to guide his objectives. And it meets the Zagzebski’s theory saying that processes and practices managing our emotions and desires are called moral values. Zagzebski introduces moral values’ fundamental motive as loving existence and intellectual values’ fundamental motive as loving truth. In Rumi and Zagzebski’s thoughts God is the ultimate foundation of moral values and attributes. It is also believed that God has great motivation and his virtue is the most excellent one in the universe.

Pragmatism is subfield of linguistic which studies the implied meaning and the hidden intentions. Speech act is one of the main pragmatic theories that impacts on the both philosophy and literature.In the same line, speech act can be interpreted based on the useful theories.So, Authors suggest Plutchik's theory to do the exact interpret of speech acts. He considered there to be eight primary emotions—anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, anticipation, trust, and joy. This article poses the relation between speech act and its characters emotions.The largest chapter Kalia and Dimna is Lion and Ox whose number of dialogues are striking. Explaining the history of pragmatic and speech act, Authors analyze the main four characters dialogues based on Plutchik's.The results show that in spite of high frequency of the directive and representative speech act,the different emotions are transmitted from Abulmaa'li to reader.Thus,while starting in hope and continues in prudishness, Dimna’s speech acts is finished with anger. Also,As Kalila's speech acts are started in caution ، his emotions continued in expectancy and finished with sorrow. Moreover, triggered with fear, lion's speech acts are continued with anger and gets finished with guilt. Finally,Ox's speech acts are started with fear and continued with submission and finished with fatalism.

Foregrounding is the main characteristic of the literary language and will be possible with defamiliarization, deformation and deviation from the norm of the standard language. Innovative poets tries to use Image and the elements of aesthetic and creating artistic methods in poetry and vitalize the particular words, for enjoying their audiences. The present research is written by analytical descriptive method and tries to illustrate and investigate aesthetic evolution of images and Literary Imagery that gives the word an artistic effect. This research with scrutiny the beauty aspects of the images of this work and with the Indicating the most significant examples from that, indicates simile and metaphor as the most and metonymy as the least innovative images in this work.

The book of "Vais and Ramin " is one the most famous persian romance by " Fakhreddin As'ade Gorgani ".The book narrates a forbidden love between " Vais and her husband's brother Ramin.Fakhreddin As'ade Gorgani had written an acient Pahlavei textual tale,which origin is in doubt among historians,in poetry.Obviously,he has been bring  his atittude and viewpoint in it,because in some part of the story we encounter with a wondering  views and  judgement into the story.In this case,based on the semiology of Daniel Chandler and using his encoding we are seeking the semiology of the "Love" in the form of social,perceptual,interpertative and textual  codes as well as,in order to achieve the best explanation of love the paper tries to use two post- modern works in the realm of love i.e the theory of " Zigmunt Bauman " and " Ulrich Beck".Based on the modern theories,the story has a lot of lovely cocepts.The story is full of lovely cocepts basd on mentioned encodings above and fantastic theories in comparision with the new ones.