فهرست مطالب
Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Autumn 2020
- تاریخ انتشار: 1399/09/16
- تعداد عناوین: 8
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Pages 4-11
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the context of new aspects of cellular adaptation in physical activity with a focus on delayed pain approach, the nature and types of pain, several preventive and non-pharmacological approaches to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and to achieve a desirable conclusion and provide more relevant information from previous research. In this study, articles were searched in specialized databases and 30 related articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and cellular adaptation in physical activity with a focus on delayed muscle pain approach was investigated. Mechanical and metabolic stress is the cause of injury during participation in an unfamiliar activity. Mechanical and metabolic stress may trigger pathological responses to activity-induced muscle damage. The suggested cause of metabolic muscle injury has been the inadequate production of mitochondrial ATP, ischemia, hypoxia and changes in ion concentration. The present study showed that physical activity is, in general, among the methods that can be effective in the prevention and treatment of delayed muscle soreness including: massage, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidant use, warm-up and cool-down, stretching movements before and after the activity, avoiding new and unfamiliar activities, starting activities gradually and lightly. Resistance activity causes muscle damage by increasing creatine kinase enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase. Accordingly, resistance training, especially extracorporeal contraction, produces oxygen-free radicals and lipid peroxidation, eventually leading to muscle tissue damage and subsequent inflammatory processes.
Keywords: Physical activity, Delayed onset muscle soreness, Cellular adaptation -
Pages 12-19Introduction
Estrogen, a crucial hormone during pregnancy, acts through two types of receptors. The estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ESR-α and ESR-β) are more abundant and exists in all human reproductive systems. Association of ESR-α and ESR-β genes polymorphisms has been reported in some reproductive problems such as spontaneous abortion, endometriosis-related infertility, and in vitro fertilization failure. In the present study, we investigated association between single nucleotide polymorphisms rs9340799 and rs2234693 (ESR-α) and rs1256049 and rs4986938 (ESR-β) with implantation failure in Iranian women.
Materials and MethodsIn this case-control study, we collected 60 women with implantation failure as case group and 60 age and ethnically matched IVF-treated women with successful implantation as controls. Extraction of genomic DNA of both case and control members was performed using salting out method. The case and control groups genotyping was performed using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR) method.
ResultsThere were no significant differences in the frequencies of genotype and allele frequency in ESR-β gene rs4986938 polymorphism between patients and control groups (p>.005). In contrast, we observed a significant difference in the frequencies alleles and genotypes of rs9340799 and rs2234693 (ESR-α) and rs1256049 (ESR-β) polymorphisms between patients and control groups.
ConclusionWe demonstrated that rs9340799 and rs2234693 (ESR-α), and rs1256049 (ESR-β) polymorphisms may play important role in implantation failure in women in northwest of Iran. However, more studies on different geographic areas, races and ethnicities are required to determine exact role of ESR-α and ESR-β genes polymorphisms in implantation failure.
Keywords: Polymorphisms, ESR-α, ESR-β, Implantation failure -
Pages 20-30Introduction
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and fatty liver are now considered the major causes of mortality in developing countries. The present study investigates the effect of twelve weeks of combined training with and without canagliflozin consumption on fetuin-A and fetuin B in type 2 diabetic men.
Materials and MethodsForty- four men (25-40 years ) who had type two diabitiac were recruited for this study. This is a double-blind study conducted in four groups. For this purpose, diabetic men were divided into four groups of 11 individuals, including control-diabetes, diabetes-medication, diabetes-training, and diabetes-training-supplementation. Every day, 200 mg of canagliflozin and placebo were given to medication-consuming and placebo groups. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session and used for analysis.
ResultsTwo-way ANOVA results showed a significant difference between groups (P<0.001) for fetuin A-amounts. Bonferroni test results also showed a significant difference between control and training (P = 0.030), control and medication-training (P<0.001), medication-training, and medication (P<0.001) and medication-training and training (P= 0.001) groups. The two-way analysis of variance showed significant differences between groups (P = 0.023) in terms of fetuin B amounts. The post hoc test results showed a significant difference between control and training groups (P = 0.009) and control with training-medication groups (P = 0.007).
ConclusionAccording to our results, the administration of a combination program, alongside the use of canagliflozin, on individuals who have type 2 diabetes may have the most significant effect on reducing these hepatokines in people with diabetes.
Keywords: Combined Exercise, Hepatokine, Type 2 Diabetes, Canagliflozin -
Pages 31-35Introduction
The Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the one of the pathogenic bacteria that become famous and considerable in the recent years. Here we tried to do typing the E. faecalis isolates to provide advantageous information that can help us to understand epidemiological communication between the E. faecalis isolates.
Materials and methodsOne hundred E. faecalis were isolated from urine samples of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. Afterwards, all isolates were confirmed by the phenotyping method and then for more certainty, every isolates were authenticated by PCR analysis of 16sRNA gene. Eventually, all isolates were considered as E. faecalis. For Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), 7 housekeeping genes were used to gain MLST scheme for epidemiological study. In addition, to determine various type of E. faecalis pubmlst database was selected and the MLST analysis was done based on recommended instruction by the pubMLST.org.
ResultsThe disk diffusion results demonstrated that fifty-four out of one hundred isolates were resistant, four isolates were semi sensitive and forty-two isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. So, 90 isolates were MLST. Using seven structural genes and using pubMLST.org database, different types of E. faecalis were determined. The MLST results demonstrated that 26 different group and Sequence Types (ST) obtained. Our findings demonstrated that the isolates were from different types.
ConclusionAccoeding to our results, we couldnchr('39')t find any epidemic correlation between the isolates. Given that most of these isolates had resistance to vancomycin, they had low clonal correlation with each other and only had few similar STs pattern.
Keywords: E. faecalis, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Iran -
Pages 36-42Introduction
Oral diseases are among the most important worldwide infectious diseases. Due to drug resistance and the side effects of chemical drugs, the use of herbal medicines has increased. Scrophularia striata (S. striata) is a herbal flowering plant that is used in microbial infections. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of S. striata essential oil on dental carrier’s pathogens.
Materials and MethodsIn this study, S. striata essential oil was prepared and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods on dental caries pathogens Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Moreover, the chemical composition of S. striata essential oil was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method.
ResultsOur results showed that the most antibacterial activity of S. striata essential oil was related to A. viscosus (22.9 mm), L. rhamnosus (21.7 mm), and S. mutans (16.9 mm) essential oil showed a low antifungal activity against C. albicans. The dominant chemical composition of S. striata essential oil was terpens (39.8%).
ConclusionIn general, S. striata essential oil has an appropriate antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. Therefore, it can be use in pharmaceutical industry to produce antimicrobial agents against dental caries and oral infectious diseases.
Keywords: Dental caries Antimicrobial, Scrophularia striata, Essential oil -
Pages 43-52Introduction
Dicrocoeliasis is a common disease of bile ducts and gallbladder of domestic and wild ruminants. This disease is caused by different species of dicrocoelium including Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The aim of this study was to identify pathological damages and molecular features associated with this parasite in ruminants.
Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 180 fresh adult D. dendriticum worms were collected from 45 infected livers of slaughtered cattle, sheep, and goats in three western provinces of Iran. After histopathological examination, a 963 bp fragment (28S rRNA [MRT1] gene) was amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The amplified fragment was digested by Trul1 restriction enzyme to evaluate through Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method.
ResultsBased on histological examination, hyperplasia of mucosal glands and swelling of bile ducts of infected livers were observed. In all studied samples, a 963-bp fragment was produced by PCR. Based on PCR-RFLP, the PCR products were digested by Trul1 restriction enzyme producing four fragments (116 bp, 145 bp, 293 bp, and 409 bp) all of which were related to D. dendriticum. Sequencing of the obtained 28S rDNA fragments showed that all of them were completely similar, and comparing them with the Gene Bank sequences showed 97% to 100% similarity between homogeneous fragments. The obtained sequences were registered in the Gene Bank with the accession numbers of MT539114, MT539115, and MT539116.
ConclusionAccording to the present study, D. dendriticum is the predominant parasite infecting ruminants in west of Iran.
Keywords: Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Pathology, 28s rDNA, PCR-RLFP, Sequencing -
Pages 53-62Introduction
Sheep farming is one of the most important economic aspects of the livestock industry in Gilan province, Iran. Toxoplasmosis is a prevalent zoonotic disease and a major cause of abortion, congenital infection, and stillbirth in animals and humans. Previously, it was assumed that sheep are mostly infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) after birth. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that T. gondii congenital transmission is more prevalent than previously speculated. Therefore, determining the genotypes of this parasite in the intermediate host plays an important role in human infections and prevention programs. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the T. gondii genetic diversity in aborted ovine fetuses during the lambing season (2018-2019) in Gilan province, Iran.
Materials and MethodsMolecular detection of T. gondii was performed in 44 brain tissue samples, collected from aborted ovine fetuses, using a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) assay, to target the GRA6 gene. Also, the nested-PCR products belonging to the GRA6-positive samples underwent genotyping with the help of Tru1I (MseI) restriction enzyme using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to classify strains into one of the three major lineages of T. gondii.
ResultsThe results revealed infection in 30 (68.18%) out of 44 brain samples of aborted ovine fetuses, based on the nested-PCR assay with GRA6 gene. Also, the PCR-RFLP results demonstrated the predominance of type II T. gondii in all of the isolates.
ConclusionOverall, the present results revealed the high incidence of T. gondii infection through congenital transmission.This is the first molecular detection and genotyping of T. gondii in ovine aborted fetuses in Gilan Province, Iran.
Keywords: Toxoplasmosis, Sheep, Abortion, Genotyping, Iran