جستارنامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 12 (تابستان 1399)

Ancient critique is a model of mythological critique that emphasizes Jung's theories of collective unconsciousness and primordial forms. According to Jung, archetypes are those eternal and various forms that exist potentially in the depths of the collective unconscious of human beings and are dormant. These ancient and mythical forms can be manifested in art and literature. Romance poetry is one of the areas that can serve as the backdrop for the emergence of archetypes. Since the literature of every nation is rooted in its culture and beliefs and the study of ancient stories is important not only from the literary, artistic or entertainment point of view, but also from the familiarity with the individual and social thoughts and values of the people of a nation. The present study attempts to analyze the status of the transcendent beloved in the abovementioned poem by explaining the symbols and archetypes of the story of the Wameq and Ozra and their role in the transcendence of the lover.so, it tries to reveal if in romantic story, the union of archetype models can show the beloved role in transcendence of the lover. It is observed that the unity and connection of the archetypes in this poem is in the direction of the growth and recognition and achieving human perfection for the lover.

The Qur'an is the best guide and morality is the most important issue in human life and the study of morality in the Qur'an is of special importance. The language of poetry is very expressive and one of the cultural characteristics, so moral Quranic poems are very important. from the point of view of intertextuality, it is the point of view of genette, that hypertextuality one of the subsets of his theory. The research method is vocabulary analysis. a genettes intertextuality approach was discussed. The statistical population is the court of Etesami and Abu al-Atahiyah. Two poets have used the Qur'an extensively. According to the division of moral issues into general ethics, slavery ethics, individual, social and environmental, The results are: in general ethics; The compatibility of man's reward with his deeds, the fact that the world is organic for the Hereafter and not its originality, In the ethics of servitude; Always knowing oneself in the presence of God and always being satisfied with the divine judgment and in individual morality, having the queen of patience in life and learning lessons from the past In the ethics of servitude; Always knowing oneself in the And pay attention to the turn of time for everyone.

Folk tales are regarded all over the world as a great cultural backbone and a subset of popular culture in various societies; for this reason; Many thinkers have made efforts to collect and preserve this precious heritage. In Iran, indigenous culture is the basis of great ideas to which the literature of this land owes. Kerman province has stored a large part of this culture in its historical chest. Kerman, considering its vastness and historical antiquity of several thousand years, is considered the origin of a large part of popular culture; The rich and fruitful culture that is specific to this region and is considered a precious treasure from the customs of previous generations. In the present study, the author uses a descriptive-analytical method to study the ideologies hidden in the stories and myths of contemporary Kerman and to analyze the five ideologies of luck, travel, oppression, marriage and the destruction of rivals in myths. This study seeks to show how the creators of myths have expressed their ideas and to what extent the readers and listeners of the story are subconsciously shaped by the ideology that dominates the myths and legends and their social behaviors. The result is that ideology is reflected as the characters in the story object to the status quo and express their dreams and aspirations.

Lyrical poetry is one of the most important literary genres in the history of literary criticism. In the history of literature of any land, there are poems that were composed with or to accompany music, and on the other hand, there are simple, emotional and musical poems that have emerged from the heart of the general public and have become the official source of lyrical poems. Influenced by the romantic definition of lyrical poetry, Iranian scholars have often considered this type of poetry as poems that express personal feelings and emotions and the personal "I" of the speaker. In lyrical poetry, romantic themes are presented with a cover of arrays and based on the poet's personal feeling. Poetic images are the result of linking the poet's emotional experiences with the phenomena and events around him. In this literary genre, the structure of poetic images is particularly similar to the definition of image in literary language. This research has tried to recount in a descriptive-analytical way the original manifestations of lyrical literature in Baluchi love poems. Ancient Baluchi poetry is more narrative, and the surviving works are epic and love stories or important historical events that poets have written in short and semi-long poems.

This article examines the role of anxiety in the behavior and actions of the main characters of the Wandering Island novel. The main characters of the novel, Hasti and Murad and Salim, have been studied in accordance with Karen Horne's theory; Which shows that loving, superior, and solitary individuals return to their original selves in all circumstances, but sometimes their emotions and sometimes their personal interests and perhaps sometimes their social status do not allow them to show that true face. He believes that there are conflicts, that is, anxieties and worries and fundamental contradictions between the three behaviors of personality. In fact, all people, both healthy and mentally ill, suffer from the conflict between these inconsistent trends. The characters of the Wandering Island novel are no exception to this rule and have inevitably experienced conflicts based on their childhood experiences. In other words, the triple personality of these people is inspired by their childhood, and in fact, childhood experiences are the basis for which dimension of the three personality traits, until the end of a person's life, leadership and executive power of the personality and. Affect it emotionally and psychologically. Internal conflicts, on the one hand, empower them, on the other hand, erode them, and on the other hand, lead them to society. At the end of the story, Hasti achieves the same desire that she longed for in her heart. Murad undergoes a transformation and becomes a different personality, and Salim, like his name, surrenders to the social conditions that govern time. Thus, it can be said that in the novel The Wandering Island, according to Horne's theory, most of the characters fall into the same classification that dominates and dominates their character.

Dostoevsky is so important in modern literature, religion, and thought that modern Russia is known for his thought and that of some of his contemporaries. of particular importance is Dostoevsky's life and faith in Orthodox Christianity and his critique of the materialistic behavior of the Orthodox Church. in his view, independent research on religion and ethics should be conducted. Dostoevsky's knowledge of the Bible, religion and ethics, and his acquaintance with intellectual groups and the experience of his time in prison, Dostoevsky has been instrumental in presenting different views from the mainstream (church and religious ethics). Based on this, the main question of the research is what does Dostoevsky mean by religion? This research has been done with Library resources, descriptive-analytical method and comparative and interdisciplinary approach. the results of research show that Dostoevsky's religion and faith have metaphysical features and the charismatic power of Christ and the old man and consider hope and motivation as a physical and spiritual phenomenon. in the matter of morality, he considers the hidden nature of moral behavior as a criterion and considers sinners to deserve more love. in Dostoevsky's view, morality and its application in life will be the source of human growth. Hence, he advises to avoid selfishness and arrogance. Despite his religious views, Dostoevsky is a humanist, and this tendency is based on human rights.