مجله روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت
سال هفتم شماره 5 (پیاپی 32، آذر و دی 1399)

Mental imagery is one of the psychological skills that sports psychologists recommend athletes to focus on.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of PETTLEP and traditional mental imagery on handball triple shooting in novice and professional adolescent handball players.

A semi-experimental study was conducted on all novice and professional adolescent handball players in Maragheh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, in 2018-2019. By using the revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-R) (Hall and Martin, 1997), 60 people from the statistical population were purposively selected as the sample. The participants were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 12:  two groups of traditional mental imagery at the novice and professional levels, two groups of PETTLEP imagery at the novice and professional levels, and a control group. After the 9-meter line test as the pretest, 3 sessions of group training for 7 weeks and then the posttest were performed. The data were statistically analyzed by using the repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukeychr('39')s test in SPSS-23.

The results showed that professional participants in the PETTLEP imagery group significantly outperformed their peers in the traditional imagery group in handball triple shooting (P=0.001). By contrast, such a significant difference was not observed between the two groups of novice handball players (P>0.05). The results also indicated that the highest increase in mean score from pretest to posttest was observed among professional handball players in the PETTLEP imagery group.

Mental imagery can effectively improve the performance of athletes. Therefore, it is recommended to be used in combination with physical exercises.

Depression is a common disorder that is associated with negative emotional states. In recent years, the main emphasis has been on identifying risk factors and mechanisms involved in individual differences in vulnerability to depression.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of self-compassion and rumination in predicting chronic depression.

This study is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study and the study population was people over 15 years old with a diagnosis of chronic depression who referred to the psychiatric clinic of Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah in 2017-2018. Sampling was a convenient method. A total of 360 people were evaluated, of which 300 were included in the study. Data were collected using Beck Depression Inventory (1961), Self-Compassion Questionnaire (2003) and Nolen-Hoxma and Murrow (1993) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation and multiple game regression analysis and SPSS 21 software were analyzed and reviewed.

There is a negative and significant relationship between self-compassion (-0.490) and subscales of kindness to oneself (-0.482), human commonalities (-0.790) and mindfulness (-0.457) with chronic depression, between the subscales of judgment There is a positive and significant relationship between self (0.511), isolation (0.542) and assimilation (0.550) with chronic depression. There is a positive and significant relationship between rumination (0.299) and subscales of ruminant responses (0.277) and distracting responses (0.315) with chronic depression.

Self-compassion and rumination are among the predictors of chronic depression. As a result, chronic depression can be reduced by increasing self-compassion and reducing rumination.

Emotional relationship with opposite sex is an important matter during university ages and affects studentschr('39') function.

This study aimed at surveying the relationship between demographic variables of students with emotional problems and their attitude toward it.

As a descriptive-survey study, among Kurdistan university students, through in-access sampling method, those who signed informed consent were selected as the sample of study. The asked-questions were about the experience of emotional relationship, failure and their attitude toward them. Using SPSS version 20, the raw data were analyzed by Ki-square and Spearman correlation coefficient tests.

Finally 405 students (171 girls, 232 boys, 2 missed) with the mean age of 22 years old and 3.49 SD, completed the necessary data and questions. Results showed that emotional relationship is a popular experience among students. Beside its consequences, it is not necessarily negative. And along with problems it may be caused, the students have an acceptable attitude toward it. Also, there were not any gender differences in the severity of experienced symptoms after a failure experience, and the failure rate in these relationship decreased by the age.

Emotional relationship can make some bad experiences for students temporarily, but it seems that we have to note the other side, which seems to development stage that inevitably has its positive and negative sides.

Intentional homicide is one of the crimes committed by resorting to aggression.

The purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between Personality disorders and intelligence quotient in offenders of intention homicide referred to the Khorasan Razavi Forensic Medicine Organization in 2018-2020.

This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all intentional homicide offenders referred to the Khorasan Razavi Forensic Medicine Organization in the years 2018-2020, of which 105 people participated in this study as available samples. Data collection tools were the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) and the Ravenchr('39')s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). The findings were analyzed with SPSS 21 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential statistics.

Correlation coefficients between intelligence quotient and personality disorders showed that among the personality disorders, antisocial personality disorder with intelligence quotient was negative and significant relationship (p = 0.01, r =- 0.24).

Based on the results, it can be said that most of the offenders of intention homicide, male, married, cycle, with antisocial personality disorder and loss of intelligence to the extent of borderline intelligence, these variables can play a decisive role in crime. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to these issues in the development of the provincechr('39')s criminal policy, along with providing psychological services.

Recent developments in current societies have brought about changes in the age of marriage, so that the number of single people is increasing. These conditions are unpleasant for some people and they experience the fear of being single.

The aim of this study was to predict the fear of being single based on personality types, emotional intelligence and demographic variables.

The research method was descriptive-correlational studies. The statistical population of the study included all students of the University of Tehran in the academic year of 2019-2020, who were selected by available sampling method and answered online questionnaires by calling online. Demographic questionnaires, fears of being single (2013), Myers-Briggs personality traits (1987), and Bar-onchr('39')s emotional intelligence (1997) were used to collect data. The data collected were analyzed through SPSS-22 software.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between personality types, emotional intelligence and demographic variables (age, income and education) with fear of being single (P<0.05). Moreover, personality types, emotional intelligence and demographic variables were able to predict 28%, 16% and 9% of the variance of fear of being single, respectively.

The results of the present study can be used to identify variables related to fear of being single in individual and premarital counseling and accordingly used appropriate preventive and interventions methods.

One of the most common childhood disorders considered by psychologists and psychiatrists is Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, which leads to attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity in affected people.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Chess training in students with ADHD.

The statistical community of the present quasi-experimental study was 76 students with ADHD in Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2019-2020. 32 students were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 16 controls and experiments based on age, sex and pre-test results. And the experimental group received chess training for 11 consecutive weeks and a weekly session of 60 to 90 minutes. Subjects were evaluated three times (pre-test, post-test, two-week follow-up) with Connors and Swanson questionnaires and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni test and Spss 21 software.

The results of the study showed a direct and high correlation between the results obtained from both Swanson and Connors measuring instruments and the positive effect of chess training on students with ADHD. (P=0.001, F=20.17).

Due to the positive effect of Chess training on the symptoms of ADHD, it is suggested that Chess training be used to reduce the symptoms of ADHD.

Internet addiction can be explained by various factors, including executive functions as multifunctional neuropsychological structures.

The purpose of this study is to predict internet addiction through executive functions among students of Allameh Tabatabachr('39')i University.

The present study is a correlational study and its statistical population consists of students of Allameh Tabataba’i University who have studied in the second semester of the 2019 academic year. The statistical sample of the study included 206 Undergraduate Student who were selected by available sampling in this study. In order to measure Internet addiction, the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire was used and to evaluate the executive functions Go/No Go Task, N-Back Task and Wisconsin Card Classification Task (WCST) were used. Correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical software.  

The results of the analyzed data show that there was no relationship between working memory components (N-Back Test Series n2) and Internet addiction (P<0.05). However, there is a significant negative relationship between internet addiction (first-series N-BACK), working memory and disinhibition and a significant positive relationship between internet addiction and cognitive flexibility. (P<0.05)

The results of this study showed that executive functions can predict internet addiction in students. Executive functions can also be considered as one of the contributing factors to the persistence of Internet addiction.

Self-handicapping is any action or choice of performance setting that enhances the opportunity to externalize failure and to internalize success.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of perfectionism and its various dimensions in predicting self-handicapping of Bojnourd university students.

The type of research was cross-sectional descriptive and a correlational type. The statistical population included undergraduate students of Bojnourd University in the academic year of 2013-2014. 200 people were selected by multistage cluster sampling and each of them answered to the Perfectionism Scale of Hill et al (2004) and the Self-Handicapping Scale of Jones and Rhodewalt (1982). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. SPSS v. 18 was also used in data analysis.

There was a significant positive and direct relationship between each of the eight dimensions of perfectionism and self-handicapping (P<0.05); In other words, with the increase of perfectionism, the use of self-handicapping strategies increases. None of the dimensions of perfectionism in the prediction model of self-handicapping were excluded from the regression and in the final model predicted 0.32 of the variance of self-handicapping (P<0.05).

Perfectionism is a multidimensional construct that can affect studentschr('39') self-handicapping. Therefore, interventions are needed to systematically manage the components of student perfectionism.

Family is the first and smallest institution in which people experience relationships with others, start relationships with other family members and learn how to communicate with other members of the community.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between object relations and early maladaptive schemas with dominance and moral relationships among the couples in Sanandaj.

The current study is a descriptive-correlational one. The statistical population of this study includes all couples in Sanandaj in 2019, out of whom 150 people were selected through accessibility sampling. The participants filled in the Bell Object Relations Questionnaire (1995), Young Schema Questionnaire (2005), Huskins Dominance Adaptation Scale (1986) and Kohlberg’s morality scale (1981). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS Software (version. 23).

The results indicated that the sub-scales of early maladaptive schemas (i.e. abandonment, social isolation, susceptibility, difficulty, emotional restraint, stubborn criteria) and subscales of object relations (i.e. incompetence, attachment and egocentrism (were and positively associated with dominance (P<0.05, T=11.862). In addition, the subscales of object relations (estrangement) and subscales of early maladaptive schemas (lack of trust, difficulty and obedience) were positively associated with moral relations (P<0.05, T=4.63).

According to the results point to a positive association between object relations and early maladaptive schemas with dominance and moral relations among couples. Therefore, it can be said that object relations and early maladaptive schemas can predict dominance and moral relations among couples.

Depressive disorder is associated with various consequences such as Alexithymia and Cognitive impairment, whichtheir elimination is of importance.

The aim of the present researchwas to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness- based cognitive therapy on alexithymia and cognitive impairment in women with depressivedisorder.

The present researchwas an experimental study (pre-test and post-test) with a one-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with depression (2018) in Khoram Abad. Thirty women referred to Siddiq Psychiatric Clinic in Khorramabad, who had received a diagnosis of major depression based on psychiatristchr('39')s diagnosis and researcher’s clinical interview, were selected by purposeful sampling methodas a research sample and randomly divided into two experimental and controlgroups with 15 participants in each group. Beck Depression questionnaire (BDI-II), Alexithymia questionnaire (TAS-20), Cognitive impairment questionnaire (CFQ) were used to measure the variables. The experimental group received Segal, Williams and Tizdel (2000) mindfulness- based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for 8 sessions of 2 hours, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that mindfulness- based cognitive therapy has lead to reduce alexithymia and cognitive impairmentand these results were maintained in the follow- up phase (P = 0.000).

Mindfulness- based cognitive therapy is effective in reducing alexithymia and cognitive impairment in women with depression and can be considered in addition to medication interventions.

The rate of cosmetic surgery is increasing and it is necessary to pay attention to its common factors.

This study aims to examine the effect of the acceptance and commitment therapy on differentiation of self, body dissatisfaction and negative evaluation in women of visiting beauty centers.

The research design was a semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test with control group. Population were all the women of visiting beauty centers in 2018 in Ahvaz which of them 30 women participated based on targeted sampling method and they arranged in two groups experimental group (15 women) and Control group (15 women). After that two groups were assessed in pre-test exam. After discussion, treatment based on the acceptance and commitment (ACT) was performed during nine sessions in a week. Measurement tools consisted of Differentiating of self Inventory, body dissatisfaction Inventory and Negative Evaluation Scale. The data was analyzed by SPSS-20 and analysis of variances of multiple variables measures.

The results of intergroup showed that differentiation of self, body dissatisfaction and negative evaluation were significantly different in the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Acceptance and commitment-based therapy increases self-differentiation and reduces anxiety about body deformity and negative evaluation (p<0.05).

According to therapeutic elements of acceptance and commitment therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy could be effective method to correct the factors that affect the performance of cosmetic surgery.

Among learning disorders, mathematics disorder can be mentioned. Mathematics disorders affect the ability to learn and apply mathematical concepts and skills.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of visual-spatial working memory intervention on emotional working memory of students with mathematics disorders.

This research was quasi-experimental study with the design of pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population was the whole students in primary schools, at risk for mathematics disorders in Alborz province in 2017-2018. The method of sampling was available sampling and consisted of 20 boy students and randomly assigned to experimental and control group. The experimental group received the visual-spatial working memory intervention in 24 sessions. Also, in order to evaluate mathematics disorders and emotional working memory, the Iran Key Math test (1988) and The Researcher made of Emotional working memory questionnaire (2018) were used. The gathered data were analyzed through covariance analysis with SPSS.

The results indicated that the visual-spatial working memory intervention improved the performance of working emotional memory in students (P<0.05)

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the visual-spatial working memory intervention was effective on emotional working memory and computed mathematics performance (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) in students.