Iranian Journal of Catalysis
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Autumn 2020

We have demonstrated a simple and efficient route for the synthesis of a novel imine based tridentate ligand and its Pd-complex to investigate the C-C cross-coupling reactions, that involve column chromatography purification in only one step. The catalytic activity of the newly synthesized catalyst was studied for the Suzuki, Sonogashira and, Heck cross-coupling reactions under mild conditions. All synthesized molecules are thoroughly characterized by IR and NMR techniques. The pro-ligand was characterized by a single Crystal X-ray diffraction study. The catalyst has excellent activity and good yield was obtained with minimum catalyst loading. The obtained yields are good to excellent.

In the present study, robust, versatile and straightforward strategy for the diversity-oriented convergent synthesis of a vast range of highly functionalized and biologically effective chromenes is introduced with the reaction of malononitrile, dimedone/cyclohexadione/4-hydroxycoumarin and benzaldehydes in the presence of [γ-Fe2O3@HAp-Si(CH2)3BF4@DMIM] as the catalyst. The structures of all the newly synthesized products were characterized by spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analyses. This method benefits from several advantages such as using easily recoverable magnetic nanocatalyst, simple workup, short reaction time and excellent yields. The prepared nanoparticles were fully characterized by various spectroscopic, thermal and magnetic analyses. The catalyst exhibited good reusability feature and no loss of activity was observed even after 8 successive runs.

Chemical grafting of 3-aminipropyl triethoxysilane to carbonized bagasse and acidification of amino groups leads us to introduce a new, efficient and green solid acid catalyst. We used the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), elemental-mapping and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for the characterization of the catalyst. This novel catalyst efficiently used to the synthesis of benzo[h]indenoquinolin derivatives and the products were obtained with 80–95% of yields at 3-5 h with high purity. All of the products were characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopies and compared with authentic samples. Our protocol offers several significant advantages, such as easy preparation of catalyst, green nature of catalyst and reaction media, high yields, good reaction times and easy workup.

Fluidized bed was employed to investigate propane steam reforming over Ni-K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TG/DTA, and N2 adsorption-desorption tests. Effects of promoters, space velocity, temperature, and steam/propane (S/C) ratio on propane conversion, H2 yield, H2/CO ratio, and stability were studied and discussed. The experiments were carried out under conditions which favored coke formation. The reaction in the fluidized bed was compared with the reaction in a conventional fixed bed reactor. Obtained results indicated that fluidization and continuous circulation of catalyst induced back-mixing phenomena, increasing contact rate between catalysts and feed, uniform distribution of temperature, and steam concentration. As a result, higher conversion, H2 yield, and significant suppression of coke deposition were observed in the fluidized bed at all of the experimental conditions. The fluidized bed catalyst also exhibited good regenerability by restoring its initial catalytic activity after one h of regeneration in air. It was shown that fluidization could compensate for the lack of water and enhance coke gasification. At S/C=3, the catalytic performance in both reactors was almost stable. With decreasing S/C to 2.5, the activity in the fixed bed decreased rapidly. While the stability was more pronounced in the fluidized bed. At S/C=1.5, the catalyst at both reactors deactivated fast due to the lower H/C ratio, massive coke formation, and poor fluidization.

In this study, the nanoporous γ-alumina catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method using hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide in the presence of TX-100 or gelatin/TX-100 mixture. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, BET-BJH and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. To investigate reactivity and selectivity of the synthesized catalysts, dehydration reaction of 2-octanol was carried out in a plug flow vertical reactor at 200 °C. The main products of elimination reaction were 1-octene, 3-octene, cis- and trans-2-octene, which were identified by GC-MS. The reaction conversion and yield of the products were determined using GC. The prepared catalysts had nanometer-sized pores, high surface area and large pore volume. Their catalytic activity for dehydration of 2-octanol was higher than non-porous γ-alumina catalysts. These compounds could be used as effective catalysts for dehydration of alcohols.

Due to the pollution of dyeing and textile industry wastewaters in different colors and the need to remove these pollutants from the wastewaters, it is necessary to study and develop effective and efficient technology solutions required. To remove dye from aqueous solutions, photodegradation is employed as an effectively simple way. Thus, the BiOBr photocatalyst was chemically made by synthesis using a facile method. To enhance its photocatalytic activity, the synthesized BiOBr nanoplates were then functionalized with Ag NPs forming the modified BiOBr/Ag photocatalyst. The BiOBr/Ag nanocomposite was synthesized with different percentages of Ag to determine its optimized percentage in the photocatalytic process. The characterization techniques of PL, DRS, XRD, EDX, SEM, FT-IR, and Raman were used to confirm the prepared samples. The power-down white light lamp was used in the photocatalytic process, which showed good degradation. The photocatalytic activity of prepared BiOBr/Ag was investigated by the degradation of the 2,4-dichlorophenol, methyl orange, and rhodamine B. The effective separation and inhibited recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs resulted from the high photocatalytic activity.

Mg-Fe bi-metal oxide was prepared and utilized as a magnetized renewable solid base catalyst for formation of 2-aminothiophenes by means of Gewald’s reaction. The prepared heterogeneous basic solid catalyst can be separated by a magnet and reused without considerable wastage in this activity. The structure of the aforementioned magnetized basic nano-catalyst was studied by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometry) techniques. The present methodology offers several advantages such as high yields of products, shorter reaction times, environmentally friendly conditions, low catalyst dosage, high endurance and facile work-up.

In this research, various polycyclic fused acridines were synthesized via the highly efficient and green one-step four-component reaction between isatins, dimedone, various amines, and dimethylacetylenedicarboxylates (DMAD/DEAD) in the presence of n-octyl-3-methylpipyridinium bromide ([OMePPy]+Br-) as a newly prepared ionic liquid, in absolute green situations at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The ionic liquid characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GC-MASS, TGA/ DTG, EDX, and FESEM techniques. Utilizing an eco-friendly and simply synthesized ionic liquid, green and economic reaction media, and preparing a wide range of polycyclic fused acridines in good yields are some highlighted aspects of the reported protocol.

Morteza Torabi was born in 1995 in Hamedan, Iran. He received his B.Sc. in Applied Chemistry (2017) and M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry (2019) from Bu-Ali Sina University under the supervision of Professor Mohammad Ali Zolfigol. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. under the supervision of Professor Mohammad Ali Zolfigol at Bu-Ali Sina University. His research interest is the design, synthesis and characterization of acidic magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic ionic liquids, and urea-based compound as catalysts and their applications in organic synthesis.

Hassan Sepehrmansourie was born in Hamedan, Iran in 1994. He received his B.Sc. in Applied Chemistry (2017) from Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran. He received his M.Sc.in Organic Chemistry (2019) under the supervision of Prof. Mohammad Ali Zolfigol. Also, He was also accepted for a Ph.D. in organic chemistry at the Bu-Ali Sina University in the same year. His research interest is the synthesis, characterization and applications of homogeneous and heterogeneous reagents and catalysts in organic synthesis.