فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری
سال هشتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

Technology strategy is one of the most important tools of technology management. Despite the abundance of literature on the subject, there has been limited research on technology strategy formulation for large and multi-businesses firms. Thus, this article focuses on the study of technology strategy development activities in a large economic organization to document and analyze these activities and compare them with the common methods using the documents and interviews. Based on the results, a new classification is proposed which includes four technology strategies for improvement, competition, reconfiguration and transformation. The research results show that the necessary mastery in technology management concepts is not noticed at the different levels of the organization, and accordingly, most of the appropriate activities expected from the holding companies to develop the strategies have not been accomplished. Although the pressure of senior managers is the main reason for formulating the technology strategy, its lack of continuity in the medium term has led to the lack of full implementation and failure to evaluate the results. Further, formulation of the technology strategy is time- consuming and there are many knowledge gaps and deficiencies in the field of technology management. Therefore, it is recommended that an integrated approach be adopted that includes implementation, evaluation of results and change of structures. Furthermore, it is recommended that defining the life cycle, the way of acquiring technology and the timing of product introduction be taken into consideration.

One of the main shortcuts to acquire necessary technologies in developing countries such as Iran is technology transfer. However, many technology transfer projects have significant challenges in achieving their knowledge objectives. Thus, formulating smart and facilitating laws that are consistent with the context of each country is a solution to improve the quality of technology transfer in these countries. In this research, the challenges of technology transfer are identified through literature review and the comparative study of the related laws in Iran and three other selected countries and then classified into four groups including factors relating to the transferee, transferor, context, and also process and content. Then, with the purpose of in-depth analysis of the challenges, the collection and analysis of qualitative data fulfilled through semi-structured interviews with 10 scientific and industrial experts. Next the laws of three selected countries i.e. China, South Korea and Turkey were reviewed using the thematic analysis and finally the challenges were investigated in the case of Omia Pars joint venture to explain the framework more comprehensively. The findings highlight the necessity of a comprehensive and context-based approach to technology transfer, incentives that focus on deep technological relations and laws that fortify the capabilities and motivations of local firms to improve technological learning as well as the integration of technology transfer laws.

Open innovation, by emphasizing the removal of organizational boundaries and the involvement of value-creating factors outside the organization, increases the probability of success and organizational development and reduces the investment risks. Despite extensive research on open innovation, defining a comprehensive and integrated framework for successful implementation of open innovation has been neglected and the previous studies have focused on different aspects of the subject. The purpose of this study is to identify a holistic and comprehensive framework for the success factors of open innovation implementation and to do this, in the first phase, 46 papers (from among 200) in the literature of open innovation were studied using the meta-synthesis method. In the second phase, the identified factors have been prioritized by an interpretive structural modeling approach. On the basis of the research findings, the success factors of open innovation implementation include internal and external collaboration, knowledge management, IT capability, human resources, strategic factors, logistics and organizational infrastructure. The results show that human resources, support and organizational infrastructure are among the most influential dimensions and the internal and external collaboration are considered as the most affected dimensions. The present study by identifying the factors affecting the implementation of open innovation tries to develop the theory and create new insights in this area and the proposed research framework can be used in various organizations and industries.

Despite the great concern about achieving  local content  in Iran, the various policies and tools, mainly the supply-oriented ones in this regard have not been much successful in most industries in this country. This research introduces the technology ecosystem approach as a demand-driven tool to tackle the problem. In this regard, the case study of the local content project on subway cars, which was approved in 2019, has been reviewed and the data collection was done by holding 10 sessions of the focus group through  constant comparative analysis method. Based on the findings of this case study, deepening local content in subway cars is linked to the four topics of planning and strategy formulation, designing an operational model, identifying the internal capacities and implementing the strategy which are very similar to the four phases of analysis, design, deployment and implementation in the ecosystem lifecycle framework. As a result, findings of the case study confirm the influence of ecosystem perspective in the local content issues  and it can be tried in future researches more clearly to show the real performance of ecosystem perspective in local content studies.

Intellectual property management, in the form of generation, protection, and timely exploitation of these assets, plays a vital role in the creation of competitive advantage among the knowledge-based pharmaceutical firms. However, considering the undeniable effects of IP management on the business of these companies, it is not clear to what extent the managers of these firms are aware of the constituents of IP management and the impact of these factors in their process. Therefore the aim of this paper is to identify and review the activities affecting IP management in knowledge-based pharmaceutical firms. For this purpose, the data was gathered using the survey method and through a questionnaire and then analyzed with the DEMATEL technique. The findings identified 2 factors (IP creation and commercialization) as the affecting factors and 3 other factors (IP acquisition, protection, and enforcement) as the affected factors in IP management in knowledge-based pharmaceutical firms. Also, IP commercialization and protection are the most important factors, respectively. Thus, the managers of knowledge-based pharmaceutical firms should pay special attention to these two activities in the process of managing IPs in the organization.

Science and Technology Parks and technology incubators lead to the resilience of technology firms by creating the necessary infrastructure and providing high value-added services. Various studies have differentiated the effects of technology parks and technology incubators and considered them to be influenced by the policies of these centers. Considering the particular policies of the IT incubators of Yazd Science and Technology Park and since some of the firms located in the park have been successful and stable and some other unsuccessful, the effect of incubator policies on the resilience of technology firms based in it was investigated in this study through the System Dynamics Approach. For this purpose, document model building (review of the literature) and group model building (interviews with several managers of the Information Technology incubator and firms located in it) were used to examine the firm-level resilience. The model simulation shows that the incubator's policies affect the performance of firms and it should move towards real evaluation instead of self-expression by the firms.