نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 44 (پاییز 1399)

The universal female archetype is one of the oldest images which are emerged in primitive Persian poem of some poets of which Roudaki, Ferdousi, Manouchehri, Naserkhosro and Khaghani are highly mentioned and had been existed until 8th century. Naserkhosro is one the poets who used this archetype abundantly in his poems and mainly indicated the contributed negative traits between the female and the universe, as well and applied them in his own imaginable structure. These main traits are mentioned as: the glories, the oldness, the evil behavior, magic, being not loyal, unkindness, cruelty, wilderness, lying, being deceived, evilness, the husband-killing, being harlot, and ambiguity,. This article analyzes the universal female in Naserkhoro Ghobadiani’s poem and indicates its effect on the changes and evolutions, the qualities and quantities of the image-making in these poems by Khorasani’s style and also, proposes the effect of this imaginable structure in the poetic procedure and the thought of this scientist. The proposed study illustrates that the universal female before Naserkhosro, time escape and death frightening lead to the emergence of the archetype.

The language is a regular system which has different functions in the society and enables the human to justify his/her interests, beliefs and perceptions with symbols. The language are applied by people who are of the members of society with it’s specific culture and tend to be different in ways of language application from each other. The total problems related to relation of language with society and culture are reviewed in a new and major branch, i.e “anthropology of language” which originated from descriptive and historical anthropology and linquistics. In the present research, it was tried to review the categories which set in anthropology field which was utilized by Moadeepoor in writhing of Roxana story are reviewed. The present research indicates that, in writhing of this story, the taboo words and relational terminology has been utilized unequally because of colloquial tune of writer in dialogue and not used social accents which, diagram also confirms this matters. The taboo words in this story has been used in two situations of nervous and aggression and humorous.

Imagination shows the half hidden reality that it is the truth and it is the material that is the creator of the marvelous world of literature, which allows it to better understand it through creative imagery by recreating the facts. The primitive regions of the South in the climate stories show the effects of fear, loneliness and hideousness. Exotic beliefs, the economic and cultural poverty of people in remote and natural areas that are violent and scary, have made magical realism in the works of some writers. In this way, realism patterns collide with magic, illusion, and elements. In this mix, there is a combination of Reza'i stories that have an independent and separate character, and the dream and reality have become so widespread that the imagination of these events is genuinely real. In several works of Gholamreza Rezaei, we come up with stories that combine truth and delusion together so that the reader moves the sequence of time, but this feature has created a new and exciting quality. In thsis article, the reflection of magical realism in the collection of Reza's stories has been examined. Among the important features of Reza's stories can be say: Humor and fantasy, belief in strange beliefs, vagabond survivors' legends, incredible events, sudden fears and excitement.

Theme development is a process in which a narrow point, a precise mindset, a subtlety, and a fresh form of meaning are created, which is the most important feature of Persian poetry from the ninth century up to the age of “Indian Style”. Theme is a structural category related to the linguistic form and capacities; and the cause of theme development is the poet’s power of association through similarities, proximity and contradictions. Kalim Kashani, an Indian-style theme-developing poet, enjoying a deep and thorough look at the world around him, uses the objects/motifs in a different way; develops new themes in accordance with objectivities, general principles and abstract imagery, and the use of one or more theme-developing techniques, indirectly expressing his pure internal mindsets. In this study, for the purpose of exploring the techniques of theme-development with objects/motifs and studying the poet’s the angle of view, “candle” was studied as one theme-developing element/motif in his sonnets. It was determined that among the various techniques of theme development, the “equation model” was the most frequently used method. This significant frequency may be attributed to the socializing, or “mingling” of poets and common people, which has reinforced the universality and accessibility of Safavid-era poets.

The hero is one of the oldest archetypes, and other archetypes are associated with meaning. Therefore, recognizing this archetype is a good guide for receiving and analyzing Campbell's reincarnation theory. In this research, the author intends to study and analyze the novel of the Amir Arsalan Namdar based on the theory of Joseph Campbell. Campbell sees life as a journey in which the protagonist must, while being aware of his or her strengths and weaknesses and identifying his or her inner desires and secrets, take individual action. The three main parts of the hero's travel theory are departure (separation), approach (return), and return. The element of travel and during its stages by the hero is one of the central elements of the plot of the story in Amir Arsalan's novel.. Amir Arsalan, with his inner call to join his beloved, fights with Shirgovia, Alhahak Div, Reyhaneh Jado, Fooladzreh Div, and his mother, etc. They take it and lean on the throne of victory and supremacy.

In this research it is attempted to evaluate modern women identities in Mostafa Mostoor effects. With important women identity introduction in Mostoor stories and fiction, the view points of this writer is described about women. Therefore to better understand identities, identity is defined in first chapters and various types of identities are in traduced. During basic chapters, women introduction is provided based on publication year and categorization is done according to coordinates in Mastoor work. Based on chapter statistical findings, woman identity growth in fiction literature and active presence in modern choices are the most important writing result of Mastoor. He created various small and great identities that have simple life without margins but performing analysis, we can point to their complex identities and natures. Al though Mastoor is Muslim and originated from eastern culture in environment with long term wars but he described women and their coordinates as he faces to an world women. Studding first story of his fictions, we can achieve to this result. Comparing to the society that men are dominant, he described women without a thention to enforced ideas by family and med and used letters, thought and reactions for them. The infra feminist view point if Mastoor about women is defined by simple prose and poets in special writing literature of Mastoor that is new narrative of women presence in society.

In this expressive – analytic essay Akhavan Sales`s poem titled (Veda) has been explored and analyzed using sensational semiotics. In Akhavan`s poems a sense of bitterness and disparate emotions is prevalent. This poem is a narration of interaction between two subjects in a stressful atmosphere, the narrator has an active value, but his unintentional induced stress transforms him into an inactive subject, thus somatic body is revealed in weeping form. The emotional discourse presented in this poem indicates a simultaneous decrease in the extent of cognitive and stressful emotion and shows a state of connective discourse and due to pursuing an adverse system of discourse by the other subject right from the beginning, tension-being style dominates the context of the discourse. Moreover the cognitive, sensational and emotional elements that interfere with the main subject cause the object of silence to rise to subjectivity and subjectifying of object has a relation with inactive and projective state of the narrator. The inactive subject (narrator) being under the induced and prescribed system, accepts his lower place. The separation in front of him cannot make any change in the process of meaning, because the subject of actor determines the relation emotional and cognitive aspects of discourse have with the flowing process of meaning, and it has the ability to impact both pre-strain and post-strain direction of the discourse. Thus, the choice and power of the other side of discourse has imposed the place of lower value on the inactive subject who is the narrator.

Samak Ayar is one of the Persian prose and contains folk elements wich illustrates the may of life of the people of that period and oims to provide a clear picture of the reflection of this elemnts in the story as well as expansion of research in popular litelature the research is a destractive analitical study of data collection using library resources the researcher by reading and reading line by line the book by samak_e ayat reveals a manifestation of folk elements including: custom, game,blief, celebrations, medicin, tales, fairy tales,astronomy, proverbs observation extracted.according to the present study, this story contains the offects of folk litrature in addition to the intertaiment espects,it is in fact intellectoal and social inderpiniys of the people of that era and source of information about life costoms and traditions. It has high frequency among the investigated elements and the like and the outher transmits to the reader by using parables.what the cansiders to be sublime and humane traits .Keywords: Samak-e-ayyar, slangy letter,examples,mores and manner.