مجله پژوهش در آموزش علوم پزشکی
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1399)

Today ,education and developing human resources are two important subjects in improving  organization . The quality of education and research courses  are  challenges that  universities always trying to achieve them and  promoting continuous  quality of education  requires the use of educational evaluation . this study aimed to evaluate the educational course of neonatal resuscitation of nurses and midwives based on kirkpatrick chr('39')s model .

This is a practical and descriptive – analytic research . Population of the study consisted of 50 nurses and midwiferies who attended the neonatal resuscitation workshop in 2017 for the first time. Level of learning skills of resuscitation in workplace and their satisfaction was measured by a researcher - made questionnaire according to Kirkpatrick chr('39')s model. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed  by content and face validity and cronbach’s alpha respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics ( Mean , percent frequency and frequency ) and inferential statistics ( one - way ANOVA , T - test and independent T - test ) using Spss software.

The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between studentschr('39') satisfaction with work experience and educational level. Based on the mean obtained at the reaction level (1.52 ± 0.48) and one-sample t (p = 0.000, t = 22.31), the participants were generally satisfied with the neonatal resuscitation training course. and at the level of learning, according to the mean pre-test scores of the participants(14.76 ± 3.87) and the post-test scores of the participants (17.93±  1.63), and the results of t-test of two independent groups (t=5.32 ,P = 0.000) The amount of learning of the participants after participating in the training course has significantly increased.

The Given the significant differences between learning rates in the two phases of Pre-test and post-test  and learners satisfaction of this course ,  it is expected, training officials to effectiveness of educational courses, according to the strengths and weaknesses of the training course also regarding to the evaluation results,  provide basis of  improving  educational courses quality.

Education and training of the next generation of nurses requires that the curriculum of nursing doctoral programs be in line with the ever-changing global and emerging knowledge sciences. Comparing educational systems can help to enhance academic credibility of educational programs, expand nursing vision, and improve the quality of nursing care. The purpose of this study was to compare the educational system of Nursing Ph.D in Iran and Pennsylvania School of nursing.

This Comparative- analytic study was  performed in 2019. The four-stage Beredy model of description, interpretation, neighborhood and comparison was used to compare the nursing educational system in Iran and Pennsylvania School of nursing. Data were collected by Persian and English keywords in Google. Then the data were categorized and compared according to the  aim of the research.

 The structure of  nursing  Ph.D program  in Iran and Pennsylvania are largely similar to each other  but  there  are  significant differences in  values, philosophy, vision and mission, main goals of the course, admission requirements, curriculum, role dimensions and  core competencies of the graduates. These significant differences include international leadership in science, practice and research, global health, diversity of nursing courses tailored to the needs of the community, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

According to the findings, PhD in Nursing in Iran, despite the appropriate theoretical content, is weak in terms of clinical dimension and presence in the international arena. Therefore, presenting the doctoral course in clinical nursing, and updating the educational program in accordance with changes in the pattern of diseases, interdisciplinary and international collaboration and paying attention to the role of nursing leadership in science, research and global health is suggested.

Gallery walk educational method is one of the team-based learning (TBL) methods as manages learning in small groups simultaneously teaching in a big class. In addition, Gallery walk method is one of the learner- centered methods (LCM) in which student plays the main role in learning and teacher supports the students as leader and supervisor. This study has been done with the aim of comparing two educational methods of Gallery walk and traditional in teaching pharmaceutics subject in pharmacy students.

This quasi-experimental study, two group pretest-posttest design was conducted on 36 pharmacy students in pharmacy school of  Guilan  university of medical sciences in 2017. Students were assigned into two similar groups and randomly categorized in traditional (control) and Gallery walk (test) group. The influence of each educational method on students averages in post- tests considering the pre- test scores, were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by independent t- test and paired t- test using SPSS.

Based on paired t test, there was a significant increase in student’s average scores in posttest in comparison with pretest (p<0.001) in both traditional and Gallery walk groups. However, the student’s average score in Gallery walk group was higher than traditional group, independent t test didn’t confirm the significant difference between traditional and Gallery walk groups in both pre and posttests (p>0.05).

Although statistical results did not confirm the significant effect of Gallery walk method on enhancing studentchr('39')s average score, this method is suggested to pharmacy school teachers due to more students’ participation in class.

Today, using computer-based tests has received more attention than traditional tests (pencil and paper) in universities. Given the key role of students, their knowledge and attitude to implement this method can be helpful. This study was performed to compare two methods of traditional and electronic tests based on attitude and experiences of medical students.

This mixed method study (quantitative and qualitative) was conducted in medical faculty of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Samples were selected through census method. In the final exam, medical students (n=54) were randomly divided into two groups, half in traditional test and the other half in electronic test. In the quantitative section, Studentschr('39') Attitude was measured using self-structured questionnaires whose validity and reliability had been confirmed. Then the experiences of 19 students in the qualitative part were collected through individual interviews and purposive sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation and T-independent test also, qualitative data by content analysis approach.

Results show that attitude’s mean score in electronic test group (39.36±6.37) was more than traditional group(38.25±5.2) but there was no significant differences between two groups(p=0.508).In qualitative part, Four main categories (electronic test efficiency, unfamiliar innovation, challenging the old format, smoothing ways) and 15 subcategories were extracted.

The results indicated that there was no significant difference in studentschr('39') attitudes in traditional and electronic tests. To solve or reduce some of the problems in the electronic test, students refer to aware of test process before exam and having the draft paper available.

Due to the special nature of medical sciences, students in these fields are affected by several stressors during their studies. Part of this stress is due to being in a clinical setting so that students uses a variety of strategies to deal with and manage it. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the role of self-esteem, happiness and hospital’s ethical climate in predicting the perceived stress of paramedical students.

This is an analytical cross-sectional study that was  performed on 400 students including nursing, anesthesia, operating room and emergency medical students by census method  in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Data collection tools were the Olson Hospital Moral Survey Questionnaire, the Oxford Happiness Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, and Cohenchr('39')s Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson test, independent T-test, ANOVA and linear regression by SPSS.

There was a  significant negative correlation between happiness (r=-05.354) and studentschr('39') self-esteem (r=-0.427) with their perceived stress level (p value=0.001).Also, two variables of happiness and self-esteem could predict 21% of variance of perceived stress. However, no significant correlation was observed between the hospitalchr('39')s ethical climate from the studentschr('39') point of view and their perceived stress levels (p=0.64).

Due to the effect of happiness and self-esteem in predicting the perceived stress in students, programs should be developed and implemented to strengthen these two factors as management strategies and stress reduction.

Many nurses face challenges of implementing evidence-based practice as a problem-solving approach in the field of health care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to summarize and report structurally the results of various studies conducted in this field to identify challenges and strategies for implementing evidence-based practice in nursing to develop effective and efficient guidelines.

In this systematic review study, using the internal database: Magiran, SID, Iranmedex and foreign: CINAHL, ProQuest, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar all articles published in Iran in 2010 to 2020 in the field of Evidence-based practice were explored. The result of this research was the achievement of 39 articles and a research project related to the subject, which eventually 19 completely related studies are included in the research.

Among the studies reviewed, 3 articles (16%) were published in foreign journals and 16 articles (84%) in domestic journals. The results represent four main concepts include: "Evidence-Based Practice Features", "Evidence-Based Practice Barriers", "Evidence-Based Practice Strategies" and "Evidence-Based Practice Instructions".

According to the results, most nurses are not familiar with the concept of evidence-based practice and there are several barriers in the way of nurses in implementing evidence-based practice. To address the clinical challenges of nursing, health care managers and policymakers should plan to use nursing professors and graduate students with the support of nursing managers to guide nurses in the implementation of evidence-based practice and the development of protocols.

Due to globalization and environmental changes that are taking place, few organizations or institutions can be found that survive without connection with the world around them, around them, in thes regards, the higher education system is not excluded from this matter and today the development of International scientific activities has become one of the main concerns of the worldchr('39')s top universities in terms of increasing credibility, quality, revenue generation and branding. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors hindering international scientific cooperation in the higher education system of the country.

The present study has been done in terms of applied purpose and qualitative approach. The target group of the present study was the managers of the international department of public universities in the country and experts in this field. Participants in the study were 10 managers of international departments of public universities and 4 experts in this field from whom research data were collected using semi-structured. Theme analysis was used for analyzing data.

The research findings indicate that the total number of free codes extracted from the content of the interviews was 126, which after merging similar codes with each other, finally 83 codes were extracted and classified in 10 similar concepts and finally in 5 The main themes were categorized. Structural, cultural, political, linguistic, financial, and physical equipment and infrastructure barriers were identified as the most important barriers to international scientific cooperation from the perspective of international managers of public universities and experts in the field.

One of the reasons that international scientific cooperation in higher education in the country has not been done properly is the lack of sufficient attention of policy makers and decision makers in higher education to the deterrents in this area. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used in higher education policies in order to expand international scientific cooperation in higher education.