فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 47 (بهار 1399)

Migration as a social phenomenon has occupied the minds of many experts. It’s one of the main factors that has had a negative effect on development in Iran. The research is to investigate the relationship between social capital and juveniles’ tendency to migration. Also, other effective variables on tendency to migration have been studied. This research is a survey. The statistical population is young people between 18 to 35 ages in Tehran. The sample size is 1217 persons that have been chosen by simple random sampling. The findings showed that amongst variables that have been studied, The important variable is social capital with coefficient of determination- 0.188. Those people who have possessed low social capital have had high tendency to migration. Also, coefficient of determination for other variables including education, age and income has been 0.151, -0.186 and 0.100. So, these variables have had a direct effect on juveniles’ tendency to migration. Coefficient of determination has been 0.115 for gender, 0.133 for marital status and 0.102 for employment. We have tried to explore how underdevelopment and disregard to human capitals in our country has led to juveniles’ tendency to migration and how the migration, in turn, intensifies over-underdevelopment of Iran. Also, the role of western utopianism in juveniles’ mind and its impact on tendency to migration to west countries has been historically explained.

Future is intrinsically not predictable, nonetheless investigation of people’s subjectivity in relation to future is a viable research agenda. It can be argued that our subjective perception of individual and social futures lays on the foundations for our decisions. Therefore, systematic analysis of the images of future, particularly those of the youth as the major owners of futures, is of paramount significance. This article is a fundamental research with a qualitative approach which tries to explore the images of the future among the educated youth. The data was collected through a series of semi-structured interviews and then analyzed using discourse analysis and causal layered analysis. The research findings indicated that the images can be thematically categorized into seven groups: 1. Historical monuments of the past; 2. The weight of the present time; 3. The road taken by the descendants; 4. Conjectures about the future; 5. The shadow of the society; 6. Regrets, inabilities and shortages; 7. Understanding the future. In order to truly decipher their subjectivity, causal layered analysis was used to extract and re-interpret the major and minor themes. The final results showed that the youth image of the future is a complex and multidimensional concept, and requires effective planning and deep cultural work to influence it.

The study is to identify the components of controlling aggression and violence and the effect of its skills training among youth in North Khorasan Province. The research method was qualitative and quantitative in the first part and in the second part, the research was semi-experimental. The statistical population included the youth of North Khorasan Province. For sampling in the qualitative section, sampling was used in a small section of simple random sampling. In the qualitative section, 29 people were interviewed and in a small section with unlimited volumes of society, according to the Stevens formula (2002), which were sampled based on the number of questions and parameters, 255 people participated as examples in the first part of the research. The information gathering tools in the first part were interview and researcher made questionnaire and in the second part, Nazari's anger and aggression questionnaire (2018). After confirming the validity of the questionnaire, the researcher-made questionnaire was 0/90 and the anger and aggression questionnaire 0/92 was calculated through Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 and AMOS16 software. Based on the analysis of qualitative data from deep and exploratory interviews and the coding and analysis of the content of the interview text while their correspondence with theoretical foundations, the results in the qualitative section indicated 32 components in controlling anger and aggression. These components were identified in two sections of short-term methods and long-term method in controlling anger and aggression. Among them, the components of beliefs and religion with factor load of 0/77 and the factor of exercise with factor load of 0/75, the highest coefficient of effect and the component of numbering with factor load had the lowest coefficient of influence of 0/48 respondents. The method of this study was in the second part of the semi-experimental research project, in which 40 subjects were selected in the experimental group and the control group and their scores were extracted. Then, training on the skills of anger and aggression based on the components identified in the qualitative research section was taught to the experimental group during the training sessions during the 8 sessions. The results of the second part of the research in the training sessions for controlling anger and aggression showed that the effect of training anger control and aggression skills in experimental and control groups among young people is statistically significant at level (P <0/001). According to the findings, it can be concluded that the training of anger control and aggression control skills is based on the identified components among the youth of North Khorasan Province.

The study is to investigate young women and their fear in urban spaces in Tonekabon city. For this purpose, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic in nature. The statistical population consisted of young women in Tonekabon city who were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table. Data were collected through documentary (library search) and field (questionnaire) methods. The instrument used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test. The coefficient alpha coefficient was 0/805 which indicated the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software based on statistical tests of correlation and regression and path analysis. The results showed that young women have a higher average sense of security when traveling in the city. Among the educated and high-income young women, younger women in their neighborhood had less buildings and deserted areas and younger women who were more satisfied with police activities.

Non-compliance with certain ethical standards has raised many concerns in the public and private sectors. The decline in behavioral standards in the public sector has prompted researchers to pay more attention to the factors that influence ethical behavior, which seems to be one of the determining factors in employee ethical behavior in managerial roles played by managers. Therefore, the present study was conducted to model the structural equations of ethical behaviors based on the roles of managers in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research is applied and developmental in terms of practical purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of method. Based on Morgan's table, 280 people have been selected by stratified random sampling method in proportion to the size of the community and the sample of each province. The data collection tools included a Researcher 179 standard questionnaire for managers' roles with a validity of 0/94 and a reliability of 0/98 and a Researcher 77 questionnaire for ethical behaviors with a validity of 0/94 and a reliability of 0/93. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling with SPSS23 and AMOS23 software have been used for data analysis. The research results showed that managers' roles include: personal, informational, decision-making, productive, executive, innovative, combined, designer, supervisor and teacher role, and ethical behavioral components including personal level, social level, legal level and useful level. There was a positive and significant relationship between the roles of managers and the ethical behaviors of managers in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. There was also a positive and significant relationship between personal, informational, decision-making, productive, executive, innovative, combined, designer, supervisor and teacher managers with the ethical behaviors of managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, according to the research results. It explained well the ethical behaviors based on the roles of managers. The results of the study showed that management and the roles of elders as managers in an organization were of a decisive impact on the occurrence or non-occurrence of employee ethical behaviors.

The study is to investigate the effect of sport participation on social vitality and social health modalities. The research was conducted in a survey using stratified sampling method and using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was the students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (23000 people). The sample size was 403 people using the Cochran formula. The findings indicated that the average sports participation in respondents is 168 minutes per week. The average social vitality is also 65/6, which is moderate. There was a significant difference between the mean of sport participation and social health in terms of gender, but there was no significant difference in social happiness according to gender. The greatest effect on social vitality was related to social health variables (beta coefficient = 0/15) and sports participation (beta coefficient = 0/13), while the sport participation variable had no significant effect on social health.

The study is to design a productivity pattern in volleyball federation of Islamic Republic of Iran. The statistical population included a group of experts, educators and managers in research areas (N = 200). The statistical sample was equal to the statistical population and in total number method (n=200). A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect the information. To develop a questionnaire through interview, purposeful method and a snowball sampling method were used. Finally, 51-item questionnaire with 5 options was developed based on the 5-point Likert scale with 9 factors. The reliability coefficient of the research variables was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and It was found 0/86, 0/94, 0/95, 0/82, 0/87, 0/89, 0/91, 0/90, and 0/93 for educational factors, environmental factors, management factors, economic factors, human resources, functional factors, organizational culture factors, psychological factors, and organizational structure factors, respectively. For initial examination of validity and reliability of the questionnaire questions they were analyzed by using the anti-image matrix. The exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce questions. In order to ensure that the sample was adequate, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criterion was used. SPSS and PLS software were used to examine the fit of productivity model. Based on the fitted model, all variables of managerial factors, environmental factors, human factors, organizational culture factors, educational factors, economic factors, functional factors, organizational structure factors, and psychological factors, respectively showed the highest to lowest effect on the productivity.

Laws of the Iran’s five-year plans are developed in order to facilitate development of Iran in economic, cultural, and social dimensions. These laws indicate and reflect the government’s concerns in macro development of Iran in which the subjects mentioned in the laws are both important and general. The study is to review the place of sports in six laws of the five-year plans. This research is descriptive and is based on the study of the country’s five-year plans laws which are reviewd on the basis of the qualitative content analysis. Review of the six laws of the five-year development plans in sports showed that the sports attention trend has been increased in from first to second plan then continued almost smoothly from the third to sixth plan. Attention to the sports of the youth was relatively sufficient while this amount of attention is not witnessed to the less prosperous people in accessing to the sports facilities. While in most cases a gender-neutral approach was applied, there were a few emphases in providing sports facilities especially for the girls and women. Governors’ attention to the public sports had a monotonous trend while much less attention paid to the athletics and professional sports. In general, according to the size of Governors’ attention to the sports in the country’s five-year plans, a systematic approach in conducting and developing of the laws in this regard is not witnessed.

Knowledge of communication skills, leadership styles and organizational effectiveness in sport and explaining the relationships between them is the main objective of this research. The research is correlation study and was conducted through a survey. Among 700 sports directors of sports federations, a total of 245 were selected randomly as the sample. Measuring research were communication skills, leadership styles, organizational culture and organizational effectiveness, respectively. For analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used path analysis. According to the results, a significant relationship was between communication skills and leadership styles and organizational effectiveness. The results showed the sports fit structural equation model is broadly appropriate. The results of path analysis model communication skills, leadership styles and organizational effectiveness conceptual models represent the results confirmed the suitability of the structural equation model (RMSEA = 0/54, GFI= 0/91, AGFI=0/90). It is recommended that communication skills, as one of the factors affecting the selection of managers for sports organizations, to be considered by the trustees.

This research is to design and explain a model of accountability system in sports organizations. The research method was of a mixed one (quantitative and qualitative) and the statistical population included two statistical societies, professors and experts in the field of sport and all managers and staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. In the qualitative section, 25 people from the professors and experts in sports were deliberately targeted. In the quantitative section, 211 people were selected from the directors and staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth by sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to validate the exploratory factor analysis, and its reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha (0/96). The results showed that functional responsiveness had the most impact on organizational accountability (49/0) compared to other studied variables. Followed by legal accountability (0/42) which was based on accountability, an organization was influential. Administrative responsiveness (0/36), technology and media accountability (0/35), financial accountability (0/27), moral accountability (0/20) and social accountability (0/11) were in subsequent ranks as the effective variables on organizational responsiveness. Also, democratic accountability had an effect (0/268) that its effect was not confirmed. It is suggested that the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, as policy makers in the field of sports and youth, use the suggested model of the present study to increase the effectiveness of this organization.

The research is to analysis of the effect of virtual communication networks’ role on attitude and sport participation of Tehran citizens. The methodology is correlative-descriptive. The statistical society is Tehran citizens who participate in the all sport events in 1396 year. The sample based on the Morgan table is 384 persons that are selected randomly. The main tool of the research includes 3 researcher made questionnaire, media roles, sport attitude and sport participation. Validity and reliability of tools based on the experts’ view, kronbach alpha and desired model measuring indexes were measured. Smart pls modeling software was used for analyzing and testing the hypothesis. Findings show that the media roles have a direct positive and meaningful impact on sport participation and sport attitude. Sport attitude has a direct positive and significant impact on sport participation. In indirect relation it was clear that 62 percent of all media role on sport attitude is predicted by mediating variable anticipated attitude to sport. Based on the findings we can say that the indirect impact of media is very much than its indirect impact on sport participation and media without attitude change capability in their content cannot affect very significantly. Thus, it is required that all sport organizations in Tehran produce and manage their media content according to the various visions, requirements and sport interests of citizen.

The study is to provide a model for the development of the Iranian clothing brand based on the data theory of the foundation. The statistical population was marketing managers, domestic apparel manufacturers and university marketing professors. For this purpose, after studying literature, semi-structured and in-depth qualitative interviews with Theoretical Sampling method were conducted. Interviews continued to reach the theoretical saturation stage and identifying all factors‌ (n=12)‌. The data were analyzed using NViVo 10 software. During the three stages‌ (open, axial and selective coding) , 359 codes were extracted. By comparing and categorizing similar codes, 221 concepts, 60 open codes and 6 axial code categories were obtained. The results showed that variety and innovation in product production, strategic planning, target market selection, sportswear design and design in accordance with market demand for vertical development, and the use of day-to-day technology in the production of products is also influential in the horizontal development of the Iranian clothing brand. In this regard, the government can also help the development of the Iranian clothing brand by providing financial support, paying low interest rates, enforcing supportive laws, amending tax and insurance laws, and preventing the entry of sports clothing into the country.

The research is to present a model for future studies of the presence of women at the level of Iranian sports management. The research methodology in terms of level was strategic; in terms of type was qualitative; in terms of strategy was process; in terms of purpose was functional and in terms of time was prospective. The statistical population consisted of two sections: human society (18 people) and information society (39 copies). The research tool consisted of three methods of library study, interview and Delphi technique. The validity of the tools was evaluated based on the scientific and legal credibility of the sample, content evaluation of specialists and the coefficients of agreement between the desired experts. Coding and conceptual analysis methods were used to analyze the findings. The results showed that there were significant gaps between current and desired status identified capacity management (organizational posts, seats and membership). Decisive factors are categorized by two approaches: A) system analysis including the factors of progression, processes and outcomes; (B) Surface analysis including individual, occupational, organizational and environmental factors. Future perspectives on women's sport management in Iran was investigated in the last three perspectives of the past, present and future and two theoretical and executive sections. Finally, the prospect model was outlined based on the necessary measures and considerations to improve the status of women in sports management in the country at five levels: challenges, capabilities, strategies, performance, and outcomes. Based on the findings, it can be said that the possible future for women's role in the sport of the country is more than relative and case improvement in some dimensions and indices, in order to desirable future of the whole dimensions and processes of the system under discussion. It is suggested that opportunities be created for the establishment of women's sports centers in order to be aware of the potential and the potential of the present.

The study is to determine the relationship between organizational identity and organizational silence and organizational climate among the staff of the gymnasts and bodybuilders of selected provinces. The research method was descriptive-correlational and in terms of its purpose was applied one. The statistical population was 340 employees of the delegates of selected provinces (Golestan, Khouzestan, Kermanshah, Sistan and Baluchestan, Isfahan, Qom, Tehran, and Markazi). 181 people were randomly selected according to Morgan's table. In this research, organizational identity questionnaire (Cheney, 1983), organizational silence (Wacola and Borados, 2005) and organizational climate questionnaire of Hallipin and Kraft (1963) were used. The reliability of the questionnaires were 0.81, 0.85 and 0.78, respectively, and its validity was confirmed by the experts. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between organizational identity and organizational climate. There is a significant positive correlation between organizational silence and organizational climate. Also, among demographic variables (age, gender and career history), only a significant relationship was found between gender and organizational identity. Also, the components of organizational identity, membership and similarity with organizational climate had a significant negative relationship. |There was no significant relationship between loyalty and organizational climate. Similarly, all three components of organizational silence had a significant positive relationship with organizational climate. Ultimately, only organizational silence was a significant predictor of organizational climate. Therefore, it is suggested that the heads of bodybuilding and bodybuilders try to improve the conditions in order to improve the organizational climate through planning.

The study is to represent a model to explain the impact of organizational culture on social capital among the managers and employees of Ministry of Sport and Youth. The study population in terms of quality and identifying the components of organizational culture includes the managers of aforementioned ministry which are chosen purposively. In the quantitative section, the population includes all the managers and employees (900 people) that 270 are selected as samples by simple random sampling according to Morgan table. |The research tools are a researcher-made questionnaire for organizational culture (33 items) and a Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) questionnaire (28 items) for social capital. The content validity of the questionnaire was verified by 10 sports management professors and the reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha for organizational culture and social capital was estimated to be 0.86 and 0.97, respectively. The SEM is utilized in order to investigate the causal relationship between organizational culture and social capital.The results showed that organizational culture is of a significant positive effect on structural, communicational and cognitive aspects of social capital. Eventually it can be said that if the managers proceed to strengthen organizational culture, they could provide a joint conformity and this factor in turn can positively affect improving efficiency and productivity of employees

Today, organizations strongly emphasize on knowledge and intellectual capital and the attention of managers to intangible assets. Intellectual capital is one of the most influential variables in sports organizations. Therefore, the research is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and job performance of the employees of the General Directorate and the departments of the suburbs of Sports and Youth Organizations in Khorasan Razavi. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population consisted of employees of the General Directorate and subsidiary cities of which 174 people were selected. Using random sampling method and Cochran formula, 120 subjects were selected. For data collection, the standard questionnaire of intellectual capital Bontis (1998) and Paterson's Standard Job Function Questionnaire (2008) were used. It’s reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.87 and 0.89, respectively). The content validity was approved by specialists in the field. To analyze the statistical data, single group T test, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used simultaneously. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. The results showed that the mean of intellectual capital in the sample was 3/31 and the mean of job performance was 3/32 which is significant at level (p <0/001). That is, intellectual capital and job performance in the sample are at the desired level. The relationship between intellectual capital and job performance is positive and significant (correlation coefficient is 0/24 and significant level is p <0/001) and coefficient of correction is 0/056. Therefore, job performance scores can be explained by a combination of intellectual capital components and also based on the coherence indices, there is a linear between the predictor variables and the results of the regression model are reliable. The condition for the normalization of the variables is based on the Kelmo-Grove-Smirnov test. Considering the desirability of the status of intellectual capital and job performance, as well as the positive and significant relationship between the components of intellectual capital and the job performance in the sports and youth of Khorasan Razavi, it is suggested to hold reflection sessions and in-service training courses for scientific and updated promotion it in these offices.