نشریه اقتصاد دفاع و توسعه پایدار
پیاپی 11 (بهار 1398)

In the pursuit of national security countries dedicate a large portion of their resources to the purpose of developing and maintaining the defense sector. Therefore, defense expenditure is regarded as an indicator of relative importance of military affairs in every country and. Understanding the determinants of defense budget has important implications as military spending is a key issue in post-conflict situations. It seems valuable to investigate in detail the determinants of these spending levels to explain why such a substantial amount of the limited national resources is often spent on defense sector. Hence, several factors were hypothesized as explanatory determinants of the defense budget and its changes over time. The potential factors have been deduced and constructed from various national and international studies of defense spending. To sum up, findings suggest Economic factors are important drivers of the military budget. Another significant driving force behind the military budget is political factors. The size of the military budget is also affected by strategic factors both at the regional and international levels. In order to determine the most influencing factors, an integrated approach using Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations (CFPR) is proposed. Then, CFPR questionnaire was developed to survey and evaluate defense budget dimensions. The empirical results show that strategic factors as well as economic factors has utmost importance relative to another defense budget dimension.

the country is struggling to meet all the needs of the armed forces. Improving the efficiency of the Armed Forces in a variety of ways is possible. Understanding the effective factors and their impacts is a prerequisite for achieving productivity improvement methods. These factors have a wide range of human resources, logistics and finance.The main purpose of this research is to identify the individual and organizational factors affecting the efficiency of the Armed Forces and to provide a model to show the relationship between these factors. In order to formulate this model first to identify the dimensions with the opinion of the supervisor and the Honorable Chairman of the Defense and Resource Economics Department, these factors are classified into five dimensions (command-managerial factors), (economic factors), (personality-individual factors), (social factors- Cultural) and (knowledge-skill factors) were divided, so that almost all factors were included in these five dimensions. They were also used to collect components related to dimensions affecting the efficiency of library resources as well as interviews and to validate them. Questionnaire was used for data analysis. According to the results, effective dimensions of promoting the efficiency of the armed forces and the most important: component of each of these dimensions are as follows Knowledge-Skill Dimension: Staff Experience and Skills The Socio-Cultural Dimension: The relationship between the commander (manager) and the staff Command-management dimension:planning Personality-Individual Dimension: Desire for improvement Economic Dimension:The Payroll System.

The main objective of this research is to answer the question of what condition an arms race would lead to war and under what condition would lead to a lack of war. For this purpose have been used the Intriligator & Brito (1976, 1984) Strategic Deterrence-Attack Model. The use of weapons (missiles) in this model has two purposes: attack (war) or deterrence (peace). After formulating this model and analyzing the main results in different scenarios, it can be said that the arms race between two hypothetical countries would lead to a war if: a) the two countries have the power to attack each other, but they are not capable of deterrence. b) One of the two countries has attack power, but lacks deterrent power and the other country lacks attack and deterrence power. Also, the arms race between the two hypothetical countries would not lead to war if: a) none of the countries have the power to attack and deteriorate. b) Both countries have deterrence. In addition, when one of the two countries has the power of attack and deterrence and the country in front of it has no deterrent power, the likelihood of a war is high. Based on the results, it can be said that possessing deterrence will play an important role in the absence of war in an arms race.

Recently, the debate on taxing interest rates on bank deposits has become one of the new topics of debate among economists and politicians. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of taxation on bank deposit interest rate on economic-security variables and its effect on GDP (as one of the factors promoting resistive economy) by using nonlinear autoregressive approach with distributed lag. During the years 1981-2016. The results of the nonlinear autoregressive approach with distributive lags show that positive and negative shocks to profit rates have increased GDP. The positive and negative shocks to interest rates have led to a decrease and an increase in tax revenue, respectively. Finally, capital inflows and outflows have been declining as a result of taxation on interest rates.

Many thinkers see digital economy as a driving factorin today's economy. They are trying to provide solutions to make the most out of it. Given the importance of the digital economy, the present study seeks to first examine what opportunities and threats the digital economy poses for the country of Iran and then to provide certain strategies to maximize the use of digital economy opportunities and counteract those threats. For this purpose, the required information and data were collected through library studies, document analysis and field studies including interviews and questionnaires. Then, data analysis was conducted through SWOT method and DEMATEL technique and therelevant strategies were presented. Finally, according to the results of the research, there have been identified and investigated 5 internal strengths against 3 internal weaknesses,and 7 external opportunities against 5 external threats. Then, by comparing internal strengths and external opportunities, internal weaknesses and external opportunities, internal strengths and external threats, and internal weaknesses and external threats, eight strategies were presented for exploiting the digital economy in Iran's economic environment. Finally, 20 internal and external factors extracted through SWOT technique were compared using DEMATEL for causality viewpoints. The results showed that the highest effectiveness is related to the factor of "Growth and development of electronic commerce" and the highest influences is related to the factor of "massive investment".

one of the methods which helps banks to identify their competitive position and performance quality is assessing their performance in various dimensions and ranking them. Considering the importance of the issue and in order to achieve the goals, it seems necessary to formulate a comprehensive and complete model for assessing the performance of banks. Therefore, in this research, efforts have been made to analyze the performance of governmental, private and semi-governmental banks in Iran using the CAMEL ranking system. The aims of this research are identifying and assessing the health indicators of the banking system in Iran, predicting the future threats of its banking system and providing solutions for improving health indicators of its banking system. The current applicatory research is a descriptive-analytic study and specifically a case study. The sample of this study was purposely selected among Iranian banks (a total of ten banks), which in fact these banks are more significant and the sample includes each of three types of banks. Data were also obtained on the basis of the financial statements of the banks and their balance sheets. After reviewing the financial statements and calculating the exact calculations of the CAMEL indicators in the sample banks, the obtained figures were compared. Consequently, private banks in some indicators and semi-governmental or governmental ones in other indicators obtained better quorums. The reasoning and analysis of mentioned condition was discussed at the end of the study.