فصلنامه پژوهش نامه زنان
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 33، پاییز 1399)

The story of Mary is one of common stories in the Quran and the Gospels. However she doesn’t have the same role and status in them. According to the Gospels the main characters of Mary are regarded as her being Jesus's Mother and the miraculous birth of her son. This image but, in the Christian culture and tradition gradually evolves so much that Mary is changed to be a holy person and becomes a deity.In Quran is mentioned to this image an indeed the Quranic narration of the story of Mary is accompanied by the negation of this view. But in all, what is said in the Qur'an is much beyond the narrative of the Gospels.In Qumran's verses is expressed some characteristics of Mary, which is similar to the prophet's characteristics. Commentators, however,especially those with mystical tendencies have tried to interpret these characteristics in another way and eventually they consider Mary as a Saint One.In this article is discussed about the evolution of Mary's status in Christianity and Islam and is discussed about this important subject why Mary in Islamic culture doesn't gain the prophecy and her status in Sufism and Islamic Mysticism is merely accepted as a Saint One.

a matter of divorce, which is considered as a right for men in retaliatory divorces. In the same vein, if the wife makes a necessary condition for the husband to make sure that the man has no right to return after the divorce, and can not exercise his right, can the condition be considered correct or that he should be guilty of the inappropriateness of the condition. In this regard, some have cited the condition of being guilty of referring and impossibility of a condition contrary to the ruling, but they are considered by some as the rights of men in relation to some of them, and therefore, because of the nature of the right, they consider it indistinguishable to prove their claim , Have cited an argument. Therefore, this group of jurists and jurists considered the condition correct. It can be seen from the evidence that the order for divorce has been discovered from the source of the traditions as well as the recourse, as well as the consideration of the material interests of the family, as well as the fact that the above condition is our unavailability and can not be considered correct.

Sexual violence is condemned by anyone at any time. The institutionalization of patriarchal culture, female disparagement, lack of comprehensive legal support for them, the internalization of women's Humiliate, It is one of the internal factors in any society that has perpetuated violence in various forms against women and then it extends to the international community. The main purpose of this article is analysis cases of sexual violence against women in international law emphasizing on forced pregnancy. Forced pregnancy as a crime against humanity must be criminalized because of population disruption, genocide and oppression has been inflicted on the injured woman. Prohibition of sexual violence has become criminalized in the laws of some countries and there are cases of forced pregnancy in the international judicial process. This article from an objective perspective is practical and by nature descriptive and analytical. Method of data collection was in the way of libraries and data analysis in a qualitative way structural and interpretive.

The present interdisciplinary research seeks to investigate the sexual taboos and their effect on the divorce lawsuit filed by the wife in the courts of justice. First, the factors affecting the couple's sexual dysfunction or dysfunction were examined, and then the individual and sociological contexts of sexual taboos that led to the concealment of the cause of divorce and the renaming of petitions by women were discussed. The research method was qualitative and content analysis that sampling was done among people referring to courts of justice and lawyers' offices. 10 of the divorced women and 16 women were selected on the eve of separation. The main tool for measuring the research variable was semi-structured interview. All divorced or divorced women interviewed expressed dissatisfaction with the quality of their sexual relationships, and the most important factors were summarized in the inability to satisfy women, lack of foreplay and preparation before intercourse, and lack of loving verbal relationships. Also, the perception of sexual taboos among women, at the individual and social levels, was identified with the abundance of themes of shame, fear of judgment, the existence of legal gaps and the atmosphere in the courts. The results show the significant effect of sexual dissatisfaction on the demand for divorce and the existence of sexual taboos among women is effective in keeping it secret in lawsuits.

The right to health is the subject of many international treaties and national laws. The protection of this right and the provision of legal and objective requirements for its fulfillment for children - as a specially protected human group - are of great importance and, of course, the concern of legal systems.In addition to direct legislative policy, sub-legislative strategies through the enactment of laws and regulations that affect children's right to health are an important area of study. The main obligors of the right to health are the governments, and the system of the Islamic Republic has had many ups and downs in protecting this right.Considering the comprehensive dependence of children's health on the health and safety of mothers, the bill "Protection, Dignity and Security of Women against Violence" seems to have strengths and weaknesses, the analysis of which is approved and implemented from the perspective of effectiveness. The bill (after approval) on reducing the victimization of children dependent on the victimization of their mothers is the subject of this article.The present study, after recognizing the role of promoting the health of children in reducing their victimization rate, examines the effectiveness of the reform of the judicial system and criminalization and prevention, which is set out in this bill; To determine the extent of women's support in reducing the vulnerability of children to maternal victimization.The bill's ideological discourse, and the its inability to present a new order combining the three aspects of human rights norms, Islamic teachings, and the considerations of the Iranian family, do not bode well for enhanced protection of women against violence. Children continue to be affected by their mothers' victimization of violence. Solutions to reduce the shortcomings of the bill are presented in this article.

The reflection in the sharia cases of women's rights as a wife is an example of women's rights, which is less well-known in society. There seems to be a kind of inconsistency in the three sources of sharia, custom and law in relation to this issue. The article, by acknowledging the complexity and multi-dimensions of the reasons for this contradiction, aims to examine the role of women in this regard from the perspective of the Cognitive Balance Theory. To this end, 30 women living in Tehran province who had a marital life experience were interviewed in the light of how to encounter the violation of their rights. Data analysis using the thematic analysis led to the extraction of five key themes included self-silence, learned helplessness, meta-religious femininity, circuit family, and ethical behavior in women that prevented them from claiming. Accordingly, by perceiving their individual abilities and the socio-cultural conditions of their society, the women prevented from claiming their well-known rights by adopting a realistic approach, and they cooperate in violating the women's rights a nd stabilizing the status quo.

‘Child marriage’ is approved by Iran's Civil Code. Based on two verses of the Quran, some traditions and the prophet sunnat, Muslim scholars have decreed its permeation in shariat. In the present library research, the concept of ‘child marriage’ is discussed from a women’s studies’ perspective, which is committed to improving women’s status, by focusing mainly on the teachings of the Quran and using an analytical approach to the interpretation of the Quranic verses. It is argued that first, child marriage is not permitted nor mentioned in the Quran; and second, the Quranic verses regarding marriage and the relation of husbands and wives to disapprove it. Therefore, Article 1041 of Iran’s Civil Code is not consistent with the Quran. It is not a law established by Islam and should be understood within the larger social and cultural context of the time. Hence, considering the serious and detrimental effects of this phenomena on children and on the society, a revision and amendment of this legal clause seems crucial and possible.

This study aims at analyzing the main discourses in competition among opponents and proponents of women’s labor and sports. Through a quantitative and qualitative descriptive-analytic method, it studies how women are represented in different discourses in competition, and among male and female speakers. The data is a corpus gathered through library method including 16 texts of the female and male opponents and proponents during the past 5 years selected through random sampling. The results show traditional and modern discourses are in competition. Opponents mostly refer to traditional discourse, and proponents to the modern. In traditional discourse of the opponents, women are represented by stereotypical roles such as “mother, wife, Kadbanu (a good housewife), housewife, child bearer, parent, responsible for the raising of the children, dependent on their husbands. The importance of the role of women in the family is common among the traditional and modern viewpoints. However, proponents emphasize the role of woman in the society too. Taboo words such as “adultery, rape, prostitution, sex dealers and etc, and ideological words such as chastity, purity, revolution and referring to woman’s’ age for marriage are just used in male’s speeches, and they used Islam/ Muslim more than women.