فصلنامه روان شناسی کاربردی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 54، تابستان 1399)

Many neuroimaging studies have been done, to illustrate neuropathology of chronic insomnia, as one of the most common psychological disorders. Recent studies, emphasis on the role of orbitofrontal cortex. But the functional connectivity of OFC hasn’t been studied yet. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study to discuss about it.

In a case-control study, functional connectivity of OFC with whole brain was carried out to compare the functional connectivity alterations of this region between forty-two chronic insomnia patients, obtained at sleep disorders research center in Kermanshah university of medical sciences, and fifty-two healthy controls without sleep problems. Additionally, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and nocturnal polysomnography was taken from subjects.

Patients showed decreased inter-functional connectivity of right OFC and intra functional connectivity of right OFC with right frontal pole, right insular cortex, right and left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus and right frontal operculum cortex. Additionally, the functional connectivity of right OFC with precentral gyrus was increased in patients compared with controls (p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons). Above mentioned alterations were significantly correlated with subjective sleep quality.

Our results show functional connectivity alterations of OFC in patients in comparison to healthy controls and these changes are correlated with subjective sleep quality. Therefore, this cortex can discuss some signs of chronic insomnia and even same neuropathology with depression.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the Self-Compassion Scale, the response to the two critiques entered into this scale.

This research was a descriptive-analytic study of type validation. The sample consisted of 400 students from the Islamic Azad University of Tehran's South Branch who were selected by available sampling method and completed self-compassion scale.

The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed 6 factors, which in total, explained 68.28% of the total scale variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, in addition to verifying the results of exploratory factor analysis, allowed the conceptual definition and use of the total score. The reliability coefficient of the scale was obtained by Cronbach's alpha of 0.77 and by a re-test method of 0.75.

The results of this study showed that this scale, in addition to having proper psychometric properties in non-clinical groups, is also valid in terms of conceptual definition of self-compassion construct and use of total score.

The aim of the current study was the determination of the effectiveness of group counseling based on the treatment of acceptance and commitment on the body image and self-esteem of female students.

Method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. Statistical population include female students of Kharazmi University. Using convenient sampling method, 24 people were selected from them and randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The number of members in the experimental group was reduced to 8, and therefore 8 people were included in both groups. The research instruments were the Self-Esteem Scale Questionnaire (Rosenberg, 1965) and the Multidimensional Questionnaire on Relationships with the Body (Cash, 2000). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy-based group counseling for 15 sessions. The duration of each session was 2 hours. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group in terms of body image. There was also a significant difference in self-esteem between the two groups. These results were also consistent at the follow-up stage.

It can be said that group counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy improves girls 'self-image and self-esteem and can be used to improve problems related to girls' self-image and self-respect.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of STEP program on parenting stress, emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in mothers of male adolescents in Isfahan.

The research method was quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest and two-month follow-up with experimental and control groups. Statistical population consisted of 123 mothers of 12- to 18-year-old male adolescents whom were referred to Yarestan Counseling Center in Isfahan in 2019. Tools: Tools were Abedin Parenting Stress Questionnaire (1990), Garnefsky's Difficulty of Emotion Regulation (2001), and Dennis and Wenderval's (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire. 87 mothers with high parenting stress were screened and 40 mothers who met entrance criteria were randomly assigned in experimental group and control group (20 mothers each). Participants in both groups completed all of the questionnaires in three stages. The experimental group received eight session of 90-minute step-by-step training once a week. Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with repeated measures.

Results indicated that the intervention was effective on parenting stress (F = 9.87, P = 0.003), emotion regulation (F = 9.39, P = 0.004) and cognitive flexibility (F = 9.68). (P = 0.004). The effect remained stable at the follow-up stage.

Training this program reforms mothers’ relationship with their male adolescents which leads to parental stress reduction and improves emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility. Therefore, it is an effective method to prevent or resolve the conflicts between parents and male adolescent.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotionally-focused couple therapy and with the reality therapy on couple’s functional flexibility and distress tolerance.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test associated with a control group and a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population included couples referring Counseling Center in Tehran 2018. Of them, 60 couples volunteered to participate in the research answered the Connor-Davidson Functional Flexibility Questionnaire (Resilience Scale) (2003) and Simons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (2005). After the screening, 45 couples were selected who were randomly assigned to an experimental group who exposed to an intervention of emotionally-focused, an experimental group who exposed to an intervention of reality therapy, and a control group, 15 couples in each group. Both experimental groups were received eight 90-minutes sessions of intervention. Johnson's Emotion-Focused (2012) and Glaser’s Reality Therapy (2016) were used. The data were analyzed using a mixed ANOVA of repeated measures.

The results indicated the effect of emotion-focused intervention on functional flexibility (P= 0.001, F= 29.75) and distress tolerance (P = 0.004, F = 12.14) and the impact of reality therapy on functional flexibility (P=0.004, F=12.14) and distress tolerance (P=0.004, F= 12.14) and the stability of these effects at the follow-up phase.

Both interventions led the couples to remove their focus from their spouse's behavior and to focus on their behavior, and while increasing their tolerance, they were able to improve their relationship by learning the right communication program.

Interpretative phenomenological analysis is an approach offering insights into how participants make sense of their individuality and their social world and what specific events and experiences mean to them. Accordingly, researchers in the present study analyzed university students’ lived experience of virtual learning during the Coronavirus pandemic. For this purpose, 27 undergraduate and graduate students of Shahid Beheshti University were selected up to data saturation point and data were collected through online in-depth semi-structured individual interviews. After recording and rewriting the interviews, the available data were analyzed by the application of Colaizzi’s method. Three major themes were extracted from the analysis, including the feeling of adequacy and competence, autonomy and self-direction, and relatedness. In addition, based on the results, subthemes of the aforementioned major themes were as follows: task types, participation, evaluation, social support, time, causal attributions, self-efficacy beliefs, mental sets, emotions, and teacher ethics components. In general, the findings, in line with the principles of self-determination theory, showed that although facing some limitations is inevitable in the context of virtual learning, to the university students, facilitating the necessary conditions for them to meet their basic psychological needs plays an important role. Practical implications of this study were discussed by emphasizing the need to develop incentive and supportive teaching styles in response to students' psychological needs.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of attachment injury resolution model and integrative couple therapy on increase forgiveness among the injured women with marital infidelity.

Method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and a three-month follow-up. Statistical population included 58 injured women with marital infidelity referring to Bushehr consulting centers, in 2019. After evaluation of the forgiveness scale (Rye et al., 2001), 30 women were selected and randomly assigned to three groups with their offending partner. 10 couples were replaced in each group. Zuccarini, Johnson, Dalgleish & Makinen (2013) attachment injury resolution model, and Baucom, Snyder & Gordon (2009) integrative couple therapy were taught to experimental groups at eight 90-minute sessions once a week in couple form. The data were analyzed using mixed-design analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results of this study indicated that attachment injury resolution model and integrative couple therapy interventions had an effect on forgiveness among the injured women with marital infidelity (F= 16.51, P= 0.01), (F= 15.21, P= 0.05) and that this effect had remained constant in the follow-up phase. The results of Tukey’s post-hoc test indicated that attachment injury resolution model was more effective than integrative couple therapy in forgiveness among the injured women with marital infidelity.

Based on the research results, the attachment injury resolution model can be used as an effective intervention in increase forgiveness among the injured women with marital infidelity.