Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Jan 2021

COVID-19, as an emerging viral disease, has rapidly become a new pandemic in human life. According to the similarities between novel coronavirus-2019 and Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, the initial assumptions were about the temporary spread of the disease and its rapid control. Nevertheless, increasing human knowledge of the characteristics of the new coronavirus, as well as how the disease has spread, has questioned these assumptions. Currently, it seems that the virus has entered the human life cycle, and individuals should adhere to new lifestyles to return to their normal life. We should select those lifestyles to reduce the risk of contact with the virus and getting COVID-19 as well as to lead a normal life. It is believed that basic medical scientists could play an important role in identifying the most appropriate lifestyles by considering the characteristics of the virus and the desires of different social groups. They could also provide the best answers to the countless questions concerning how to live peacefully, considering the novel COVID-2019.

The Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a common disorder that imposes a psychological and economic burden and reduces the quality of life. Oral medications have some problems in the frontline of treatment. Transcutaneous posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (TTNS) is available with minimum invasion and at a lower cost. Urodynamic tests are invasive and will be more difficult for children to perform than adults. The present study used the Persian version of the overactive bladder symptoms scale (OABSS) and 24hours Voiding Diary questionnaire to assess the symptoms following the treatment. A 7-year-old girl with complaints about OAB was treated with TTNS treatment for 12 sessions in alternate days. The patch electrodes were applied instead of needle and plate electrodes. The results showed that the case improved immediately after treatment from severe stage to average stage according to OABSS. One month following the end of treatment, the results showed improving scores to themild stage. The TTNSmethod was a good, safe, non-invasive, and long-term treatment for this child based on 12 sessions using patch electrodes.

Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) are two treatments with a strong theoretical basis for borderline personality disorder (BPD).

We investigated the structures that influence the process of symptom recovery from the perspective of mentalizationbased treatment.

This is a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with BPD. Data were collected from March 2017 to June 2017 by a psychiatrist in a semi-structured clinical interview. The participants were categorized into intervention and control groups. Before, immediately and two months after the group therapy based on MBT and DBT, the participants were assessed with Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), Reflective Function Questionnaire for Adult (RFQA), Eye Test-Test Revised Version, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).

Both of the treatments were effective in improving avoidant (P = 0.0001) and ambivalent (P = 0.0001) attachment styles, mentalization (P = 0.0001), and social cognition (P = 0.0001). These changes persisted from post-test to follow-up in mentalization (P = 0.003) and social cognition (P = 0.02).

Although both methods are effective in improving the symptoms of the disorder, MBT is more effective in improving the basic structures of the BPD. This may lead to greater stability in the treatment.

There is plenty of evidence concerning novel treatments for major depression, as a prevalent disorder of the era. Acceptance commitment therapy (ACT), group therapy (GT), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are the most widely used interventions, particularly for the amelioration of depressive symptoms. However, for those who receive these interventions, the risk of depression relapse is high. In this article, we have reported a depressed patient who was treated by a novel triangular systematic protocol with the advantage of relapse prevention.

The triangular protocol contained three stages of tDCS, ACT, and GT, which were conducted in succession. Initially, after administering tDCS, improvements were observed concerning dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation. After increasing prefrontal activity, however, the patient was complaining of remaining symptoms. Hence, we supposed it was time to work on mental reconstruction using ACT techniques. Because for most major depressive disorder (MDD) relapse following acute treatment is common, we hypothesized that administering GT after combined use of tDCS and ACT can prevent recurrence and relapse of the disease and that there will also be differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations of a depressed person after combining these methods.

Detailed brain map of the patient and low-resolution electromagnetic tomographic analysis exhibited a marked correction of previously elevated frontal Alpha activity. According to the Beck Depression inventory-short form (BDI-SF) and Acceptance and Action questionnaire (AAQ-II), the levels of depression symptoms and psychological inflexibility were decreased, respectively. The decreasing trend was maintained after ACT and GT (stages 2 and 3). Among different times (baseline, tDCS, ACT, and GT), AAQ dramatically decreased following ACT. Similarly, the observation was maintained after the third edge of the triangle protocol. Based on the positive results of the study, it might be important for future studies with larger samples to consider the proposed protocol and might provide further evidence about the effectiveness of this method and its long-lasting effects.

This case report aimed to report the e ectiveness of creative occupations on a child with anxiety problems in a mental health center in Iran.

This case report has been performed in 12 sessions with a three-month follow-up. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and a structured clinical interview were used to collect information. The child’s score on SCAS was 66 at the first session, which was then reduced to 41 at the sixth session, and 27 at the twelfth session. The child’s father also confirmed the positive e ects of the intervention on the child’s behavior.

Creative occupations showed a positive e ect on reducing the severity of anxiety symptoms. These e ects remained to a large extent during the intervention.

 Correlation between prediction tools of disability and traditional physical performance tests in ascertaining disability risks remains unexplored.

 The present study aimed to assess the convergent validity of the STarT back tool (SBT) for predicting disability risk using the spinal range of motion (ROM).

 Thirty patients with low-back pain (LBP) volunteered for this study. We used the SBT and Dual inclinometers to assess the future risk for disability and spinal ROM, as well as Anthropometric factors and pain intensity.

 Poor and moderate spinal ROM for forward (93.3%, 6.7%), left lateral (63.30%, 36.70%) and right lateral (80.00%, 20.00%) flexion respectively were common among the participants. Backward extension ROM (36.70%, 46.70%) was mostly good and very good. There was a 60% medium risk for future physical disability based on SBT. There was no significant association between spinal ROM and SBT future disability prediction (χ2 = 3.367, P > 0.05).

 The SBT and spinal ROM assessment are independent measures of functional disability. They should complement one another in clinical assessment procedures for effective outcomes in the treatment of LBP.
 

 Spine stability or core stability exercises are among the most recommended interventions in low back pain management. It is important to clarify whether physical activity and body adiposity affect lumbar muscle multifidus (LMM) among apparently healthy adults.

 The current study aimed at investigating the effect of physical activity level (PAL) and body adiposity on fatty infiltration of LMM in apparently healthy individuals from an urban African setting.

 Fatty infiltration of LMM was visually graded as normal, slight, and severe using diagnostic ultrasound. Validated Hausa and English versions of IPAQ were employed to analyze PAL, and the bioelectrical impedance analysis machine was used to measure some of the body adiposity parameters and weight.

 A slight fatty infiltration of LMM was observed in 40.3% of 196 participants. Slight fatty infiltration of LMM had a higher prevalence in female subjects (39.2%) than males (34.2%). Only two variables of age (P = 0.032; r = 0.153) and visceral fat (P = 0.0001; r = 0.308) had a relationship with fatty infiltration of LMM.

 Fatty infiltration of LMM was positively associated with visceral fat and weakly with age among the participants. However, fatty infiltration of LMM had no relationship with the PAL.

 The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a single session of cerebellar anodal cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on timed up and go test (TUG) with foot placement in patients with chronic stroke.

 Twenty patients with chronic stroke participated in this clinical trial. TUG test was carried out with four different foot positions, 1- spontaneous foot positions (SP), 2- symmetrical foot positions (SYP), 3- asymmetrical foot positions (PBNP), paretic foot behind the non-paretic foot, and 4- asymmetrical foot positions (NPBP), nonparetic foot behind the paretic foot, before and after using tDCS. Anodal tDCS (1.5 mA) was applied over the cerebellum for 20 minutes.

 The time of the TUG test was significantly different after using tDCS at all foot positions: SP (P = 0.012), SYP (P = 0.010), PBNP (P = 0.047), and NPBP (P = 0.037).

 It seems that cerebellar tDCS can be a useful method in improving functional balance in chronic stroke patients.

 The current study aimed at determining the immediate and long-lasting effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on hypertension in individuals with high blood pressure.

 A total of 45 hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to three intervention groups as eccentric exercise (n = 15), concentric exercise (n = 15), and control (n = 15) groups. All the volunteers underwent exercise interventions for four weeks, three sessions per week (12 sessions in total) as treadmill walking with +10% gradient (concentric group), -10% gradient (eccentric group), or neutral gradient. Before the intervention, immediately after the first session of the intervention, after the end of the intervention, and 48 hours after the end of the intervention, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and maximum oxygen consumption were measured and compared between the groups.

 The positive gradient group had higher diastolic blood pressure 48 h after the intervention than the negative and neutral gradient groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the other study variables between eccentric and concentric exercise groups (P > 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that eccentric exercises immediately reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Eccentric and constrictive exercises reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure for the long term (P < 0.05). Exonerative and constrictive exercises improved the heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption, and systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure in the short and long term (P < 0.05).

 Eccentric and concentric exercises with immediate and long-lasting effects improved systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption. No significant difference was found between the two types of exercises in terms of the variables studied.