نشریه مطالعات تاریخی
پیاپی 67 (زمستان 1398)

The life and trend of political and thinking changes of Sheikh Mahmood Halabi, founder of Hojatiyeh Association is reviewed. In this regard, there are two kinds of works of him for studying his thoughts and ideology: 1) unpublished works; 2) his speeches. This paper is based on his speeches.

“Iran Novin (New Iran) Party” was created by positive mention of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi on December 15th 1963; and was dissolved after the establishment of “Rastakhiz (Resurrection) Party of People of Iran” on March 2nd 1975. In this interval, Iran Novin Party led the government and the majority faction in Majlis. The aim of this article is to study the role of Iran Novin Party in the 23rd Majlis election and its status in that Majlis. The findings show the fraudulent election of 23rd Majlis and the decisive role of Iran Novin Party in that Majlis is contrary to the principals of party-oriented policies in the framework of constitutionalism.

The “Rise of Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani” in Tabriz in 1920 has been scarcely studied through the viewpoint of social movement theories. In this research, the “combinational” theory of movements which is more compatible with contemporary Iranian political and social movements is chosen as the theoretical framework. This theory, considering a three-facial approach, interrelates “social actors” and “social background” by the “ideology” ruling on the movement. The methodology of this research is a historical one that has reached to a theoretical pattern to describe the situation of Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani, his rise and the reasons behind it and its failure.

In this research, using a descriptive-analytical approach, the author wants to answer this question: What was the reaction of the radical newspaper of Mossavat toward 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention? And what solutions did it suggest to get out of the crisis resulted from this convention? Mossavat opposed this convention from the beginning and represented the reasons behind signing this convention as: the officials’ carelessness, the split between the parliament members, the interests of Mohammad Ali Shah, spoiling the Iranian commerce, economic dependency of Iran to Russia and Great Britain and impeding the way for the trade between Iran and foreign governments.

The reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi is the period in which the US government expanded its influence in Iran. The post-WWII changes in the conditions of the world and the region were among the main reasons for the deepening of the US-Iran relations. This period was concurrent with different ups and downs and there was a representation of the world and the US domestic developments in US diplomacy toward Iran. In this research, the trend of US diplomatic developments toward Iran during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi is studied. In this period, seven US elected presidents and their governments and diplomats came to power. In this research, the studied trend is studied based on the policies of each of these governments and their officials.

Hussein Fatemi was among the National Front members who thought of the change in the political system of Iran from Pahlavi Kingship to a new one, before any other member of this front. However, this idea was not noted in contemporary history discussion and also never came true for three reasons: 1) the social and political conditions of Iran were not ready yet; 2) The majority in National Front did still believe in defending kingship and Fatemi was in minority; 3) Fatemi presented this idea so late and just days before the coup. In this research, part of the ideas of Hussein Fatemi and the reasons of his failure in changing the political system of Iranian monarchy during the final days before 1953 Iranian coup d'état. Keywords: 15 August 1953 unsuccessful coup, 19 August 1953 coup, Oil Nationalization Movement, Iranian National Front, The abolition of monarchy.