فصلنامه طب و تزکیه
سال بیست و نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 117، تابستان 1399)

The overall objective of the present study was to investigate the role of scientific authority and futurism in the development of fourth-generation universities in order to present a model in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: The applied study adopted a descriptive and survey-based approach to conduct the study. The population consisted of 465 managers and faculty members of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Based on the Cochran formula, 210 individuals were selected by stratified random sampling. For data collection, a questionnaire including 60 questions on scientific authority, 56 for futurism, and 40 questions for fourth-generation university development was used. The face and content validity of the instruments was confirmed by experts and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient leading to 0.88 for scientific reference, 0.95 for futurism, and 0.91 for fourth-generation university development. The structural equation test was used for data analysis.

The results showed that futurism with standard coefficient of (0.686) had the highest impact on the fourth-generation university development.

The results of this study showed that the role of scientific authority and futurism in the development of fourth-generation universities at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was positive and significant. Also, the proposed model has the appropriate goodness of fit.

The content and structural dimensions of medical universities and health education institutions are critical to the success of these organizations. The movement of universities from the disciplines to the new knowledge based Organization requires the examination of the status of these dimensions. This study was conducted to design and psychometrically evaluate the content and structural dimensions of the organization of medical universities and higher education institutes. Analysis

This was done in the academic year of 1398-1397 and in two stages. In the qualitative research, design items and then took a psychometric questionnaire. The initial tool was designed with 139 items and was reduced to 124 items after two Delphi stages. Quantitative and qualitative formal validity was investigated and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha method and hybrid reliability.

After determining the validity and reliability, a questionnaire with 16 dimensions and 86 items was designed. The value of the content validity index of all items was above 0.7. In the study of structural validity, the factor load factor of all items, appropriate values mainly above 0.7, reliability of both criteria (Alpha Cronbach, composite reliability) all dimensions above 0.7, average variance and extracted (AVE )showed more than 0.5 in all dimensions.

The results of this study are a good indication of the strength of the factor structure and reliability of the content measurement tools of the content and structural dimensions of the major universities of medical sciences in Region One. This tool can be considered and used by researchers to measure the content and structural dimensions in other universities of medical sciences and higher education institutions.

Nowadays, higher education has a special place in society as an institution for educating specialized human resources. One of the important factors affecting the quality of the output of the higher education system is faculty members. Utilizing the experiences of developed countries and comparative studies in this field can be one of the appropriate methods to make policies for recruiting faculty members. Considering the importance and necessity of this issue, this study aimed to compare the policies of recruiting faculty members in the higher education system of the top universities in the world and Iran. Methods and Materials: This qualitative study is descriptive-analytical. Nine documents from top universities based on the policies of recruiting faculty members were compared with this process in Iran.

From studing the faculty recruitment policies of of selected countries and its analysis eight themes were extracted: diversity, justice, equality, transparency, priority of specific groups, international appeal, diversity and accountability.

Although the policies making in each country are appropriate to the cultural, social and higher education system characteristics of that country, paying attention to them, puts new horizons and new perspectives before higher education policymakers to be used to improve Iran's higher education system.

Professors play an important and undeniable role in achieving educational goals and creating success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a model based on the impact of mentoring on responsive education in macro-medical universities of region 1 based on the fourth-generation university approach.

The present applied research was conducted in 2019-2020 with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with an exploratory design. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 14 faculty members being selected through a purposive sampling method and in the quantitative part, from 1851 faculty members and adjunct professors at medical universities based on Cochran's formula, 320 people were selected by stratified random sampling as a statistical sample. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires on mentoring with fourth-generation universities approach and responsive education were used. To analyze the data, path analysis tests, and structural equations in the form of SPSS21 and PLS3.2 software were used.

The results of data analysis showed that based on path coefficients, a factor load of 0.520 was established between mentoring and responsive education and the value of t-statistic (11/204) was out of (2.58 and 2-58) range. The effect of mentoring on responsive training was significant at the 0.99 level.

The results showed that the relationship between mentoring and responsive education was confirmed and the effect of mentoring on responsive education in macro-medical universities of region 1 based on the fourth-generation university approach was positive and significant.

Empowerment is the key to the effectiveness of the managers and the organizations, of which “Dynamic Empowerment” assumes a strategic role in the organizations. Evidence shows that managers have a significant role in the dynamics of organizations.Particularly, among different approaches to empowerment, no studies have been reported concerning the dynamic empowerment of university managers and the elements of dynamic empowerment. Considering this requirement, the study was performed to identify the components of dynamic empowerment among educational managers of medical universities using content analysis.

The study was a review with a qualitative approach, since qualitative method based on conventional content analysis was used to analyze the content of texts and papers related to dynamic capabilities and empowerment. The population was papers related to the keywords of dynamic capabilities and empowerment in English and Persian, published during 2000-2020 as review and original research papers in electronic databases “Pub med”, scholar “Google”, “Sage.org”, “Science Direct”, “Magiran” and “SID.ir”.After studying their fit with the two keywords “empowerment and dynamic capabilities,” 10 models, 10 review papers, 10 research papers, and 10 definitions of the related books underwent content analysis using the conventional approach. Content analysis in MAXQDA20 software was used to analyze the texts.

The results indicated that dynamic empowerment components among managers are summed up in 12 categories and 22 subcategories, which were extracted from 64 main and 226 open codes. Twelve dynamic empowerment categories were skills and capabilities, human resources, managerial capabilities, leadership, structural, executive, procedural, dynamic processes, educational, communicative, operational, and evaluation.

According to these results, one can reach a conceptual conclusion on the components of the dynamic empowerment program of managers, by compiling whose model on the managers of Iranian universities of medical sciences; one can design a dynamic empowerment model for university education managers.

Telepharmacy is the use of communication technology to provide pharmaceutical care to patients. It can be used for different purposes and in different situations such as epidemies, for disabled patients or those who do not have access to pharmacies. This service became especially important during the 2019 Coronavirus virus epidemy. Given the positive effects of this technology in delivering pharmaceutical care in epidemies, it is necessary to assess the risks and benefits of its implementation in Iran health system.

Searching in Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, and SID databases was done with the right keywords. 346 articles found, unrelated articles, duplicates were excluded and 225 remained, after evaluating the full text of the articles, 65 articles had included.

Telepharmacy was associated with enhanced interprofessional communications and collaborations, job satisfaction, documentation, improved communication between patients and professions, increased rate of adverse drug events identification, saving time and the money, decreased medication errors, morbidity and mortality among drug consumers. Undesirable outcomes such as higher cost for providing infrastructures, more time for education of stuffs and patients, define and revise politics and interaction with current regulations are risks associated with telepharmacy which need more attention. So far, no article has been found that evaluate the role of telepharmacy in epidemies.

Studies demonstrate that telepharmacy is associated with desirable outcomes for health system, stuffs, patients and drug consumers. Further studies are needed to investigate other outcomes of telepharmacy in different settings of health system.

The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the factors influencing the selection of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and data collection descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences (3723) in the academic year (2019-2020). the factors influencing university selection through the background of research conducted at universities and higher education institutes have identified as international communication, social factors, facilities, reputation, labor market communication, individual factor, quality, student-cultural and Economic factors. Finally 23-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. The results showed:1- The overall research model was fitted with confirmatory factor analysis with nine factors. 2. All indicators are significantly related to their related factor, and the measurement model is desirable when evaluating partial indices. 3. Friedman test was used to rank the factors influencing university selection. The Chi-square statistic showed that there is a significant difference between the rank averages at the level of 0.05.