نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 28 (پاییز 1398)

Publically , the Takfiri groups in the Middle East are generally considered terrorists, while only in one cult of them, there is a complete belief in committing terrorist activities. In reality Salafism is a return to the past, and their obvious characteristic is to return to Salaf, Jihad and Takfir. Salfi growth has historically depended on internal and external factors. The main research question of the study is that; how the future of the Salafis, especially ISIL, can be outlined and what scenarios could be followed for them? There are three types of Salafism, including: “political”, “takfiri” and reformist ,each of which has its own procedures for participation in the community. Political Salafis have a peaceful approach, the reformist are mostly educational, and Takfiri Salafis are militant. The future of the three types of Salafi flows will be revealed in their own way. The findings of the study showed that “Takfiris” are like a fire under the ashes (a decline scenario), “reformist Salafis” have semi-active presence, and “political “, in comparison with the first two, are more active in the political arena. It should be noted, however, that the Takfiri Salafism, whose current representative is “ISIS”, if it is not active does not mean that it is gone, it will rise and fall, but will not be banished . and given the internal crises and the support of others (external factor ) it will appear from time to time throughout the history. Research method in this research is historical-analytical, the type of research is fundamental , and the data were collected using library studies.

After the Cold War, NATO sought to restore its security identity in the form of humanitarian operations aimed at preventing the spread of human tragedies in various countries.But in fact, NATO has tried to extend its security influence to the peripheral regions, including the Middle East, by resorting to humanitarian operations. NATO has faced two major security crises on its southern borders, the Libyan and Syrian crises over the past few years, which has adopted different security strategies in dealing with each of these crises. The Military Intervention Strategy in Libya (2011) and the Non-Intervention Strategy in Syria not only reflect practical inconsistencies in security strategies but also reflect normative inconsistencies in NATO security approaches. The contradictions are so profound that US and French presidents have been critical of NATO, calling it an “obsolete” and “brain dead” organization. Accordingly, the main research question of the study is what are the factors that create these practical and normative contradictions of NATO, especially in relation to the regional crises, including the two major crises of Libya and Syria? It was hypothesized that the differences in the approach of major rival to NATO powers, the role of emerging regional actors, and the different internal capabilities of the target countries, have been the most important factors that have produced contradiction in NATO security strategies for coping with regional crises.

Controlling crime and eliminating domain of delinquency has always been considered as a major objective of criminal justice system and governments. In other words, ensuring the security of the citizens of a country is one of the intrinsic duties of governments, and how and in what way governments perform this task depends on various political, economic, security and ideological factors. Investigating the strategy of dealing with crimes in the laws of the country, especially crimes against security, because of its great importance are among the objectives of this study. Adopting a differentiated and coherent criminal policy in the field of security crimes can affect the control of this type of crime, because if it is implemented, it will not only prevent crime and victimization, but also increase the security of society and could be a good help for sustainable community development. The important questions in this regard is that , what policy the Iranian legislature has adopted to reduce and control crimes against security. Can it be said that in addition to punishment in the realm of crimes against security, the legislature has also paid attention to prevention. According to the available statistics on the detection and neutralization of all kinds of crimes against security, it can be said that the legislative measures have been effective, although the need for reform and efficiency is felt with regard to new technologies. One of the objectives of this study is to examine the strategy of rational approach and control of crimes against security in terms of its importance by the Iranian legislature. And based on the results of this study, the confusion and dispersion in legislative criminal policy in the realm of crimes against security and the lack of a coherent and purposeful criminal policy in this area can be expressed. The method used in this study is analytical-descriptive method and the method of collecting the data is using library study.

Considering the need to create, maintain and promote employee health as the main organizational asset, this study was conducted to achieve a professional health management model, with the aim of comprehensive and complete monitoring of employee health status in individual, occupational and organizational dimensions.

this survey, observational and qualitative study, which is a applied in nature , was conducted from 2016 to 2018, in 300 workstations in 5 buildings of a related organization , using snowball sampling method . the data of the study were collected using field study , by employing technical devices and the use of designed forms that were finalized by a centralized group discussion.

Creating a model of health information management leads to: Creating a database on the personal health of employees and the health of their work environment, creating a management dashboard to monitor the current state of organizational health, checking and intervening the amount, type and prevalence of occupational and non-occupational diseases. Preventing occupational diseases caused by unhealthy work environment and conducting purposive and effective health education to the target community.

By designing a professional health management model while leveling the information-security jobs, a management method was created that at any moment a clear, realistic and complete picture of the health status of the target community could be drawn. Therefore human health strategies can be adjusted and implemented according to the health status of employees.

This study aims to identify the power geometry versus the discourse of threat in the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research question of the study is that; what is the focal point of the power geometry against the discourse of threat in the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It was hypothesized that in theory the focal point of the power geometry versus the discourse of threat in the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran was based on three axes: religiosity, adherence to the constitution, and obeying the orders of the Supreme Leader. In practice, the emphasis on jihadi management, the rule of law, and the localization of defense equipment, altogether form the chain of equivalence of the power geometry in the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran against the discourse of threat. The method and type of the study are descriptive-analytical and fundamental-applied, respectively. The data collection method mainly focused on the document mining by examining the available texts. The results of the study indicate that the semantic system of power geometry in the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, by emphasizing the axes mentioned in the hypothesis of this study, can neutralize the semantic system of the chain of equivalence of the discourse of threat, which focuses on the three axes of inflammation, fear and doubt, and maintain the authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of defense and security in three areas of defending the values of the Islamic Revolution, strengthening the territorial integrity and independence of the country.