Journal of Research and Health
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Jan--Feb 2021

Nowadays, learning is one of the most important factors in the lives of human beings. Lifelong learning and its effective variables are the topics of discussion in the contemporary era. In this regard, the present study was done to investigate the relationship between academic vitality, academic self-efficacy, and metacognitive skills, and lifelong learning concerning the mediating role of study approaches among students of Payame Noor University, Kangavar branch in the academic year 2016-2017. 

A random sampling method was used to select the participants. The sample size was determined to be 168 students. The required data were collected using the Academic Vitality Inventory, the Self-efficacy Scale, the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST), and the Lifelong Learning Inventory. In total, 128 questionnaires were completely filled out and collected.

The results were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using PLS and SPSS v. 20 software. The results showed that the model suitably fitted the data. The main research hypothesis was accepted at the 0.002 significance level. Academic self-efficacy, study approaches and skills, and metacognitive skills were directly correlated with lifelong learning (r=0.436, p=0.001).

Education and emphasis on study give incentives for lifelong learning. In a normal situation, no relationship was found between lifelong learning and other factors.

Recently, along with traditional economic indicators, policymakers are increasingly dealing with Subjective Well-Being (SWB) as an evaluation criterion of their performance and as an index for the population’s psychology health. This was done to define different determinants of SWB with a focus on some specific aspects of the living area. Also, this article investigateed the effect of urban and outskirts area on SWB.

This study is a cross-sectional study based on a structured interview and the samples (219 people ) were selected by a two-stage cluster sampling method in 2018 in Rasht city, a metropolis in Iran. In designing the local questionnaire, Gallup’s Global Emotions questionnaire has been used. Two main contributions of this study are defining culturized and proper indices for measuring SWB, and the financial status of people while Iranian people used to understate their real income. Data analysis was conducted using STATA 14.2 applying Descriptive statistics, Correlation study, Ordered Probit regression Method. 

Results show that improving the socio-economic status of people improve SWB. Having financial satisfaction, satisfaction with leaving area, being tenure, and living in more spacious residency have positive effects on SWB. Also, the city dwellers were found to have higher SWB (5.23 out of 7) than outskirt dwellers (4.9 out of 7) while keeping the other factors to be constant. They reported the same differences in positive feelings and negative feelings indices.

The welfare policies should be revised to improve the financial status of all people, and increase the access to urban facilities for outskirts’ dwellers.

Parental bonding perception leads to different domains in future life. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of parental bonding perception in predicting the communication patterns of couples in Tehran.

This correlational and descriptive study was done on 338 individuals in Tehran, Iran who voluntarily participated in the research in 2016. Communication Pattern Questionnaire (CPQ) and Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation method and multiple regression were used for data analysis using the SPSS v. 22 software.

Data revealed that in the husband group, father care was the only predictor of higher scores of the mutual constructive communication pattern. In the group of wives, father indifference was the predictor of lower scores of constructive communication pattern and mother encouragement of dependency was the predictor of the higher scores of the constructive communication pattern. Mother encouragement of autonomy was the only predictor of lower scores of husband demand/ wife withdraws but no variable predicted wife demand/ husband withdraw pattern. In addition, fathers’ encouragement of autonomy in husbands was predictive of spouses’ constructive communication patterns. Also, fathers’ encouragement of autonomy in husbands was predictive of spouses’ constructive communication patterns.

The association between parental bonding perception and couple’s communication patterns highlight the importance of early years of childhood and parent-child relationship in future life.

Although high-risk behaviors lead to adverse physical, psychological, and sociological consequences, less attention has been paid to identifying their related factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between defense mechanisms and high-risk behaviors among adolescents in Zahedan. 

In this descriptive-correlative study, junior and senior high school students of Zahedan, Iran were studied in the academic year 2015-2016. A sample of 250 (125 males and 125 females) students were chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling and asked to complete the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and the Risk-Taking Scale (IARS) for Iranian Adolescents. Data analysis was conducted by measuring coefficients of correlation and performing a path analysis. 

Path analysis showed a significant correlation between defense mechanisms and alexithymia (P<0.01) and a significant correlation was found between immature defense mechanisms and high-risk behaviors (P<0.01). 

In the relationship between dysfunctional defense mechanisms and high-risk activities, alexithymia played a mediating role. It can be inferred that dysfunctional defense mechanisms play a key role in high-risk activities by influencing alexithymia.

Given the importance of emotions, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of achievement emotion regulation training package on negative emotions and self-regulation learning strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) among female high school students.

The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up for two months relative to the control group. The statistical population included female high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2017-2018. A sample size of 50 cases (25 students in each group) was selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling. The experimental group learned how to regulate their achievement emotions in twelve 120-min sessions for two months. The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) and Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) were used. Raw data analysis was performed using SPSS V. 22 and an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). 

The results showed that regulation of achievement emotions caused a decrease in negative emotions (93.7%) and an increase in the use of cognitive/metacognitive strategies (53.6%) among experimental group members (P<0.001), while these results approximately did not change in the follow-up phase regarding negative emotions reduction (93.5%) and the increased use of cognitive/metacognitive strategies (52.6%). 

The effectiveness of the discussed package was proved in the reduction of negative emotions.

Rhinoplasty is recognized as a complicated, but common procedure. Although patient satisfaction with these surgeries is less commonly discussed, it is one of the most important determinants of surgical success. This study was done to predict the patients’ satisfaction with nasal surgeries, based on their personality traits and positive thinking.

This cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, during the fall and winter of 2017. A total of 200 individuals undergoing rhinoplasty were selected, using the convenience sampling method. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation-Revised (ROE-R) questionnaire, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Positive (ATQ-P), and Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness (NEO) personality inventory were used for data collection. The obtained results were analyzed by SPSS v. 23, using inferential statistics and stepwise regression analysis.

The results showed that satisfaction with nose fitness had a significant positive relationship with agreeableness and openness (P<0.01). Also, the overall satisfaction with surgery had a significant positive relationship with these personality traits, while a significant negative relationship was found with neuroticism (P<0.01). Moreover, the results showed that positive thinking and personality traits could predict 6% of changes in the overall satisfaction with surgery (P<0.001). Neuroticism showed an inverse correlation with satisfaction (P=0.001, β=-0.24).

Regarding the relationship between satisfaction with rhinoplasty and personality traits, it was found that different personality traits are associated with different attitudes, influencing surgical outcomes, and satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic training with supplementation of vitamins C and E on some inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight men. 

In this semi-experimental study, 30 overweight men were randomly assigned into three groups (n=10, AT+Sup, AT+Placebo, and control). The exercise program consisted of three sessions per week at the intensity of 60-75% of maximal heart rate for six weeks. The supplement group received 300 mg of vitamin E daily and 400 mg vitamin C tablet and the placebo group received one gelatin capsule daily during this period. Before and after six weeks of intervention, were measured interleukin-6 (IL-6), -reactive protein (CRP), Triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and insulin resistance index. Data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of P<0.05.

The results showed that aerobic training significantly reduced the body fat percentage, TG, and LDL in both supplement and placebo groups(P<0.05). However, this reduction was observed in IL-6 and CRP only in the supplement group (P<0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that exercise and supplementation did not change the insulin resistance of subjects. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in fat percentage, IL-6, CRP, TG, and LDL (P<0.05).

According to the results of this research, probably six weeks of aerobic training plus supplementation with vitamin E and C may help to reduce inflammatory symptoms, body fat percentage, and some cardiovascular risk factors.

The present research aimed at determining the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Emotional Self-Efficiency Scale (ESES) for adolescents of Isfahan city. This study was conducted using a developmental research method. The statistical population consisted of all the first-grade high school students of Isfahan city in 2018 (n=59396).

A total number of 280 students (160 girls and 120 boys, mean±SD age of 12.98±1.14) were selected using a stratified random sampling method, and completed ESES for adolescents (2015), as well as Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (2001).

An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed the four-factor structure of ESES. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) also confirmed the fit of the four-factor structure of the scale. The results of the within-group correlation coefficient were obtained to investigate the acceptable test-retest reliability. The results of the correlation between the above-mentioned scale and SEQ-C instrument was also significant (P<0.05). Moreover, ESES and its dimensions had proper reliability over time. The reliability obtained by Cronbach’s alpha for all four dimensions of the questionnaire, given the number of items, was higher than 0.5 for each dimension and higher than 0.7 for the whole scale, which was acceptable.

These findings indicate the acceptable validity and reliability of ESES for Isfahan’s adolescents, and its validity and reliability should be investigated in broader research on Iranian children and adolescents.