فصلنامه پژوهش های اطلاعاتی و جنایی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 59، پاییز 1399)

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Iran's influence from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean has grown, and this is very important for powerful actors, raising the concern of Western powers and some regional countries to develop Iran's influence. Iran's regional and trans-regional influence has planned and implemented a wide range of measures, including the emergence and penetration of religious fundamentalism in the border regions of Iran with terrorist and takfiri goals. The purpose of this article is to examine the internal and external factors and theories in the emergence of religious and terrorist fundamentalists in the eastern regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

This article is a descriptive-analytic survey with questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 354 experts, managers and military commanders of Sistan and Baluchestan province, security and judicial institutions and political organizations, selected service providers and educational organizations, which was estimated to be 178 against Morgan table. SPSS software and t-test and regression were used to analyze the data.

According to the research findings, all of the variables mentioned were influential on the emergence of religious and terrorist fundamentalists in the eastern regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but in comparison, media and advertising components had the highest impact on the subject with an average of 2.99% and after that, Religious, social, cultural, political, and economic components have been effective.

Based on the theories of the process of globalization, the crisis of identity, the crisis of modernization, the regimes of arrogance and arrogance, the hegemony of the West and traditional forces, the foundations of creation and the formation of religious fundamentalist groups can be explained. On the other hand, economic, political, cultural, religious and media crises affect the issue that needs to be addressed by the authorities and national policymakers in the formulation of strategic and executive policies in the border areas.

The existence of many different ethnic groups and subcultures in Iran has created a very rich cultural context, which has sometimes led to the same differences, disputes and conflicts between different ethnic groups, which has led to crime. In this study, the factors affecting ethnic divergences and its impact on crime and social tensions of these ethnicities among the people of Urmia have been identified.

The present research has been done in terms of collecting information qualitatively and in terms of method of implementation in the context of theoretical method (with a social interpretive approach). The statistical population of the study is 18 people of Azeri ethnicity in Urmia who participated in this study based on purposive sampling method and considering the theoretical saturation criterion. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interview technique and after coding, the main concepts were obtained and by eliminating similar concepts and integrating them, the grounded context theory strategy was used to present the final theory.

Research findings were categorized into 87 concepts. Among these concepts, five main categories were identified: mother tongue language and literature disrespect by others, political dissatisfaction, ecosystem destruction, unfair distribution of wealth and resources of the country. The resulting underlying theory is presented in the form of a paradigm model that includes causal conditions, intervening conditions, action strategies, and consequences.

The five main categories obtained are the most important factors influencing ethnic divergence that have caused social tensions. The core category of research is the concept of "political dissatisfaction", which includes other main categories; if this issue is resolved, in the shadow of national security and respect for national identity, the occurrence of crime and social tensions resulting from ethnic divergence will be reduced.

Human body fluids such as blood, semen and saliva represent the most common source of biological material discover at a crime scene. Hence one of the requirements for a crime scene is the timely and accurate diagnosis of biological fluids at the site of the crime. The purpose of this study was to use molecular methods, based on tissue-specific mRNA expression, in order to determine the possibility of identifying body fluids and creating a practical protocol.

Biological fluids (blood, semen and saliva) were collected as fresh and dried in vials and dried on paper at intervals of one and five months. After selecting the appropriate markers for each sample, the conditions and protocols for RNA extraction and PCR conditions for these markers were optimized. This assay was further validated with real casework samples and Crime scene samples.

Our results showed the protocols are appropriate in quantitative and qualitative terms for downstream processes. Also, PCR results confirmed that even after five months, RNA could be recovered from the dry surfaces and used well to detect fluids with PCR.

Here, we optimized RNA extraction conditions and PCR for forensic purposes and provided a general and practical outlook on the possibilities, techniques and the cost of doing the work. Eventually the results of this research support the potential use of mRNA profiling as an alternative to conventional serological tests.

Today, the increasing use of the Internet and cyberspace has led to an increase in the commission of crimes related to this space, and one of these crimes is unauthorized access to data and computer systems, which is in fact more of a prelude to other computer crimes. The purpose of this study is to explain the elements of unauthorized computer access in Iran and compare it with the laws of the United Kingdom and France.

The present study is a qualitative research that is descriptive-analytical in terms of research tools, documents and libraries, descriptive-analytical in terms of research method and comparative in terms of study approach. The information gathered included the criminal laws and regulations of the three countries studied, as well as the EU Cybercrime Convention.

The findings of the study indicate that the material element of the crime, cases related to the perpetrator, unauthorized access, the possibility of committing this act through real or virtual space and the absoluteness of this crime, among the laws of all three countries. The only difference between them is that the data or system is protected through security measures, which is only a condition of Iranian law. As for the spiritual element of the crime, general good faith must be achieved in all three laws, but due to the absoluteness of this crime, there is no need for special good faith. The punishment of the perpetrators has been determined more or less differently according to the criminal policy of the studied countries.

The French Penal Code has chosen the title "unauthorized access to automated processing systems" for this crime, as well as the division of unauthorized computer access into easy access, access to intent to commit other crimes and increased punishment for recent offenders in the UK are interesting for the legislators of those two countries. This can be modeled in our country as well.

The growth of the use of technological tools in society has provided new criminal domains for cybercriminals to have access to any kind of criminal target in a single environment, thus becoming the victims of these criminals. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cyber skills and the rate of cyber victimization and finally identify strategies for developing these skills.

In the present study, a sequential mixed method has been used. In the first stage, the quantitative survey method and a questionnaire were used and the data obtained from this stage were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the first stage was cyberspace users in Qom province and non-random sampling method was used to evaluate the validity of content and structure validity and to evaluate the reliability of Cronbach's alpha was used. In the second stage, the qualitative method and interview tools and the content analysis method are used to analyze the data in order to identify solutions. The statistical population of the second stage was experts in the field of research and sampling method was a judgment method that in order to evaluate the reliability of the interviews, the agreement method of two coders was used.

The results indicate the negative impact of cyber skills on the rate of cyber victimization. Basic skills, problem solving skills, and safety / legality skills have a significant negative impact on cyber victimization, but communication, information, and exchange skills do not have a significant impact on victimization rates. In the second stage, strategies for developing cyber skills appropriate to the three environments of family, school and government / community have been identified.

As cyber skills increase, Cyber Victimization decreases and family, school, and community / government play key roles in developing cyber skills. The results of the research bring theoretical innovation and help decision makers understand how to develop a safer cyberspace.

Smuggling of goods and currency is one of the main challenges of the penal system and combating it is one of the main tasks of the counterinsurgency institutions, especially the police. This study seeks to investigate the role of law enforcement to prevent and detect this organized crime in the Anti-Trafficking Law adopted in 1392 and to use the legal capacity of the Iranian penal system.

This study is gathering information through documents through the study of valid research, books, articles, laws, regulations, decisions of the courts of justice and websites reputable online is done and information gathered descriptive - analytical and analyzed.

The findings of the investigation show that the police force, after creating a strong suspicion and the existence of evidence and emirates about smuggled goods, after obtaining permission from the competent judicial authorities, takes the necessary measures to detect the goods, seize and seal the discovered place. Then, the goods are delivered to the responsible organizations and the accused are transferred to the investigating authorities to determine the judicial task. Implementing judicial orders to identify the perpetrators and main perpetrators of smuggling of goods and currency, identifying and arresting partners and deputies of the accused and property of the accused is also one of the duties of the police to detect and combat smuggling of goods..

In addition to implementing the penal policies of the Law on anti-Smuggling of goods and currency adopted in 1392 regarding the detection of commodity and currency smuggling by counterinsurgency institutions, especially law enforcement, it is necessary to apply measures, measures and policies to prevent smuggling of goods and currency.

Today, delinquency is one of the most important health, psychological and social challenges in many countries of the world, including Iran, which has led to many kinds of economic, social and political problems and costs, and despite the many efforts that have been made in the past two decades In order to raise public awareness about the risk of crime, it is still expanding.

The research method of this research is Dematel. In this way, the factors affecting the youth delinquency were selected after the search and refinement of articles to 20 articles. fter selecting articles, the factors affecting the juvenile delinquency have been identified in 6 parts of leisure, family, affiliation with peers, place of residence, school, religiosity. Then a questionnaire was written about the mentioned factors. In this research, the relationship between these factors was evaluated based on the opinion of 15 experts and using the Dematel technique.

Findings indicate that the variables of school, family and religiosity were identified as causal factors and variable of leisure time, affiliation with peers and place of residence as effective factors. The school agent is capable of influencing among the factors. But family and religiosity have the dual role of influencing and influencing among the factors. Also, Leisure time an effective factor and residence is a low factor.

In this study, school variables were the most influential factor and the most important factor was affiliation with peers. Also, based on the results of the research, the affiliation with peers has the greatest interaction with other factors. Therefore, it is suggested that governmental and non-governmental organizations cooperate with each other to investigate and identify the causes of youth delinquency.

The characteristics of the cyber environment, such as not being dependent on a specific time and place, the possibility of acquiring different identities, anonymity and ease of performing various actions, have created a favorable environment for the emergence of cybercrime. The basic information police approach can play a role in cybercrime by managing resources, increasing the speed and accuracy of police operations, and increasing public trust. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of basic information police on cybercrime.

The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this research consists of 65 experts and specialists of FATA NAJA police who were selected in full. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was confirmed by content method. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the data and answer the research questions.

Findings of this study showed that basic information police has a positive effect on cybercrime, which was examined and confirmed in four dimensions of basic information police human resources, internal information resources, external information resources and information technology and cyberspace of basic information police.

In order to be as successful as possible in a cybercrime mission, it is essential to pay attention to human resources, intra-organizational information resources, extra-organizational information resources, and information technology and cyberspace information base.