فصلنامه روش شناسی علوم انسانی
پیاپی 104 (پاییز 1399)

Instead of discussing the quality of the application of scientific theories, the fundamental methodology examines the way in which they evolve and pursue its epistemological and non-epistemological existential grounds. This research seeks to address the fundamental methodology of feminist thought in its productive culture and the implications of the introduction of this theory into Iran. The epistemological transformations in the field of science, which led to a change in the positivist approach to scientific knowledge, and the emergence of existentialist philosophies that challenged the essentialist approaches to man and the universe were among the most important existential fields of feminist thought in the West, and A critique of the social unequal social status of women, as opposed to the men and policies of the capitalist system in the labor market, is one of the underlying causes of the non-adjective feminism in the West. Also, the introduction of feminist ideas into Iran was carried out on non-adjective and non-adverbial pretexts, and the result was an incompatibility of this theory with the culture of Iranian society.

Entrepreneurship is a complex and multilevel phenomenon, based on critical realism, complex phenomena such as entrepreneurship occur in open systems and act at different levels of reality; in order to study of the exact nature of such phenomenon, it is necessary to use the appropriate methodology. The core of entrepreneurship is new venture creation, which could be defined as a dynamic process and an open system; that phenomenon drived from interactions of individual, organizational, and environmental elements, and are affected by various factors. The purpose of this research is to introduce and present a combined systemic methodology for entrepreneurship researches and especially studies related to new venture creation, that done by narrative reviewing systemic methodologies in the field of business. Since entrepreneurship involves both mental aspects and visible and measurable aspects; therefore, to studying it, can not only use soft systems thinking and soft system methodology, or hard systems thinking and system dynamics. Thus in entrepreneurship researches, for the modeling of the entrepreneurship process in the form of a dynamic system, can use the soft systems dynamics methodology that has developed from the combination of the soft systems methodology and system dynamics in recent decades.

In the public sector of Islamic economy, a wide range of issues bordering on ethical, social, political and cultural considerations are taken into account, in the evaluation and selection of public policies and programs; but it doesn't mean that in the Islamic public policy sector, decisions are taken with an endless ideology and without a logical framework. A study of the views shows that the evaluation of policies and programs in Islamic economy has a multi-layered structure. In the first layer (virtuous politics), all general public criteria (legitimacy, efficiency, equality, freedom and independence) are evaluated in the program, and none is sacrificed because of conflicting situations. In the second layer (jurisprudence of priority), conflicting situations are considered and using the rules and priority criteria, all the public policies and programs are classified into the four objectives of "preserving the principle of Islam and the Islamic system", "preserving the lives of people", "preserving social excellence" and "preserving the growth of material well-being ". Each of these is ranked in three levels of "necessities", "requirements", and "ornaments". In the third layer (jurisprudence of weighing), the policies and programs are ordered one after another, using the criteria for measuring and social costs-benefit analysis at the level of the "ultimate expediency of each case", and whatever is likely to have more benefit to the Muslim community is chosen.

Information and communication technology may penetrates the family in a useful or harmful way to the functioning and growth of family members or the family system. But why are the research results so contradictory in examining the impact of information and communication technology on family relationships? There are many reasons for this discrepancy. One reason for this lack of consensus is the absence of a coherent model. More research on the impact of ICT on the family are performed with accepted models and with known independent variables and they often Ignored the impact of complex human, textual, cultural, and technological issues. So, a model is needed to properly examine the impact of technology on the structural and emotional relationships of the family. The conceptual model of the impact of information and communication technology on the family seeks to organize existing literature, direct future research, and apply existing results and information.