پژوهشنامه علوم سیاسی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 60، پاییز 1399)

Purification has been one of the salient features of revolutions. Purpose of this study is to explain this phenomenon through the lens of witch-hunting theory and compare its characteristics in the events of Russian, Chinese and Iranian revolutionary purification. Methodologically this study was comparative and the characteristics of the three major Purges of Russia (Stalin's Great Refinement), China (Mao Cultural Revolution Refinement) and Iran (Refinement in the early 1980s) have been compared historically by parallel demonstration of theory model. Data were collected from primary and secondary historical sources and analyzes were presented comparative-historically. The findings of the study, while generally confirming the assumptions of the witch-hunt theory about the three purification events, have shown that the purifications of Russia, China and Iran are similar in some respects and different in some others. Findings Shows, all three events occurred in a situation where collective representation and source of legitimacy were limited and the value system was the basis of the system's legitimacy in times of crisis. Leaders have defined political deviance in a way that includes rivals in order to establish or modernize order by modernizing the moral system. In addition, the weakening of intermediary civic institutions and the shift in priorities have led people to stop supporting each other, which has eventually led to witch hunts. There have been substantial differences between Iran and the other two countries that have shaped purge in Iranian revolution in a mid-revolutionary, religiously oriented, legitimate and democratic process.

In our country water scarcity has come to be changed water crisis depended on a number of different factors. The major aim of this study is responding to the question of extend of government policies role in creating water crisis. In order to answer this question and based on collected studies and information, a hypothesis has been proposed. The hypothesis of this study suggests that the weakness of community orientation and also deficiency about the process of water policy lead to intensify water crisis in the country. Hypothesis testing of the study is based on experimental evident by means of meta-analysis method. The results of studies indicate that late proplemology, various inferences and definitions about water crisis, interrelationship between making decision and implementation stage and deficiency of water policy evaluation; all of mentioned factors cause inadequacy of solutions. Therefore the presented solutions and decisions about water crisis has led to more using of water resources, increasing water demand and finally water crisis has been intensified in our country.

The behavior of the media in any country in the face of natural and unnatural crises is one of the important issues in crisis management. The lack of uniformity in the performance of the media in critical situations challenges the management of public opinion. In this study, by asking the question of how the Iranian state media performed in the first week of the Corona crisis, an attempt was made to provide a conceptual framework and explain the "role of the media in the crisis", the performance of three state news agencies IRNA, IRIB AND FNA Be investigated. For this purpose, using the quantitative content analysis method, the performance of the above three news agencies on the type of strategy chosen to deal with the crisis was examined. The findings show that all three news agencies, from a few days after the onset of the crisis, shifted from a "passive" strategy to an "active" strategy and mobilized most of their capacities to control the crisis.

After the Islamic Revolution of 1979, the positions of political and revolutionary elites, as well as the masses manifested the immediate transformation of the everyday-life and the construction of the new course of history in the life of Iranian people. So, each position that was taken by the political forces towards politics should encompass the everyday-life. Accordingly, the present article focused on the relationships between everyday-life and political conflict between 11 February and 2 June 1981. To do this, the mixed research method was used. For collecting data, a combination of the first-hand and the second-hand resources was applied. After classifying data, the researchers tried to discover and describe the relationships between the various elements of the research and provide the final interpretation. The findings of the study revealed that after the Revolution and in the post-revolution’s conflicts, everyday-life, that was a great help for the triumph of the Revolution, became the controversial area for imposing political power and conflicting political forces. The area that turn into political unity from political pluralism after two years. The ultimate unity made some quantitative and qualitative increase in the suspected and omitted phenomena in the daily-life of people, simultaneously, it formed the future of Iranian society and guide the relationship between social forces and the construction of the established power.

The subject of this article is the study of Ayatollah Khomeini's doctrine of exporting the Islamic Revolution in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the time of the occupation of the U.S embassy to the end of the developments related to Ramadan and Kheibar operations in the Iran-Iraq war. This article also criticizes this doctrine based on the constructivist approach of Alexander Wendt available in his book Social Theory of international Politics. The research questions focus on: what the export of the revolution as a doctrine is and how to construct the identity of Iran's foreign policy in the light of major foreign policy developments over the above-mentioned time period. In order to answer the questions and provide the necessary arguments, first the review of the related literature was examined and then the main concepts derived from Wendt’s theory were collected in the form of a theoretical model. Then, the research data have been collected and analyzed based on this model. In this process, a new point is made in the article: First, the doctrine of exporting the revolution is related to a certain period in the history of the Islamic Revolution and is considered completed in the following periods. And second, the doctrines in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran are more of a justification for the previous actions than a guide to subsequent actions.

The main objective of crisis management is to identify and prioritize crisis threats to formulate the best strategy for confronting the most immediate threat. With this explanation, by addressing the main threats to the country in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and the pertinent solutions, the author of the present paper examines the Iranian government's performance in managing the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collected through interviews with academic elites and experts. AHP used to determine the priority of threats. According to the results, security threats identified as the most important threats, followed by economic threats, health threats, threats in management-politics area and threats in the community context. The government's response has been formulated in the form of adopting a strategy of avoidance in the field of security, transfer strategy in economy, mitigation strategy in health, transfer strategy in management and acceptance-mitigation strategy in community.

The Center for Public and Media Diplomacy at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is in charge of media diplomacy in the country's diplomatic apparatus. The subject of the present study is the study and implementation of the model of media diplomacy in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research is a qualitative method resulting from in-depth interviews with 19 current and former officials of this ministry, including current and past spokespersons, directors of media diplomacy and a number of experts in the field of media diplomacy, university professors and experts in The field of media diplomacy and. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the research show that the model of media diplomacy in the foreign policy apparatus, in the first place, monitors the news and events around the world. Secondly, it responds to developments through information, stance, and streamlining. During this cycle, it evaluates the actions and then, if necessary, reacts to the negative activities of the media. In the end, the desired model of media diplomacy is based on the opinions of experts in this field and in order to eliminate the limitations and weaknesses.