نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال نهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 55، دی 1399)

In the present study, the lived experiences and perceptions of students about the effect of flipped learning on the literacy of technology were examined qualitatively and phenomenologically. The research community consisted of all fifth-grade elementary school boy students of Ibn Sina Elementary School in Birjand who had the flipped class experience. Due to the nature of the research, a targeted sampling method was used, which was saturated with an in-depth interview of 15 students. To analyze the collected data, the content analysis method and MAXQDA 11 software were used as an auxiliary method for data entry. Findings from studentschr('39') living experiences and perceptions of the effect of flipped class on technology literacy were summarized in 6 main themes: "Acquiring the ability to work with computers and mobile phones", "Familiarity and working with equipment and accessories", "The ability to work with the Internet", "Reducing playing and watching TV time", "Changing parentschr('39') views on technology" and "Acquiring skills in using software and social networks ". Students chr('39')lived experiences show that flipped learning has had a positive effect on studentschr('39') technology literacy in hardware and software dimensions, and has also led to a change in students chr('39')parentschr('39') beliefs about technology and has increased their technology literacy.

The aim of this study was the comparison of the marital attitude based on the severity of mind wandering in single students. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all single students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, in the academic year 2019-2020.100 people with mild mind wandering and 142 people with severe mind wandering were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect the data, the marital attitude scale (Barton and Rosen, 1998) and the mind wandering scale (Career and Sally, 2013) were used.  To analyze the data, an independent t-test was used. The results showed that the mean of pessimistic attitude in the group of severe mind-wandering was significantly higher than the group of mild mind wondering (p>0/05). The mean of optimistic, realistic, and idealistic attitudes was significantly higher in the mild mind wondering group than the severe mind wondering group (p>0/05). It is suggested that training be given to single students to reduce mind wandering to improve their attitudes toward marriage.

The present study aimed to determine the role of ethical foundations and tolerance of failure in predicting marital adjustment of married women. This research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all married women referring to cultural centers in East Tehran in 2019, from which 210 people were selected as a sample by accessible sampling using the Morgan table. Data were collected using the Height and Gram (2007) Essentials Questionnaire, Harrington Failure Tolerance (2005), and revised dyadic adjustment scale spinner (1976). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between ethical foundations and tolerance of failure with marital adjustment (p≥0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that the ethical foundations and tolerance of idol failure were 43% able to predict marital adjustment, respectively (p≥0.01). According to the research findings, managers and officials of cultural centers and consultants should take measures to improve and enhance the level of ethical foundations and tolerance of womenchr('39')s failure, and by holding various workshops, the necessary strategies to increase marital compatibility should be done.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the cool executive functions training package on academic performance in normal students. The research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all sixth-grade female students in Tabriz in the academic year 2018-19. 60 people were selected as the sample by convenience sampling method and were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 15 sessions of cool executive functions training.  Researcher-made math and science academic performance test was used to collect data. Research data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results showed that the cool executive functions training package caused a significant increase in science and math scores in the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.001).  According to the results of the research, the cool executive functions training package can be used to improve the academic performance of mathematics and science for normal students.

This study aimed to compare mindfulness, meaning in life, and social support in patients with  AIDS who adhere and non adhere to care and treatment.  This study is a comparative-causal study. The study population included patients with  AIDS under care and treatment at the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center in Boroujerd. Thirty patients with  AIDS who adhere to treatment were selected via convenience sampling method and compared with 30 non-adherent patients. Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAS), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) were used as research tools. The Independent t-test was used for data analysis.  The result indicated significant differences in the two groups in research variables. the group with AIDS who adhere to treatment had a higher score in mindfulness, meaning in life, and social support. Based on the results of the present study, it is possible to increase the adherence of AIDS patients to treatment by providing social support, mindfulness training, and meaning therapy.

Marital burnout is a gradual loss of emotional attachment that reduces attention to the spouse, emotional alienation, and increased feelings of discouragement and indifference toward the spouse. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to predict marital burnout based on emotional expression, distress tolerance, and communication patterns of married female students. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was married female students of Allameh Tabatabai University in the academic year of 1998-99. Among them, 280 people who had entry criteria were selected using a convenience sampling method. The present research instruments were the Pines Marital Burnout Questionnaire (1996), the Christensen & sullaway Communication Pattern Questionnaire (1984), the Simons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (2005), and King & Emmons emotional expression Scale (1990). The research data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results showed that constructive/reciprocal communication, expression of intimacy, and two components of stress tolerance include appraisal and regulation negatively predict the marital burnout. Also, the expression of negative emotion positively predicts marital burnout. according to the results of the research, it is possible to help the couplechr('39')s marital quality of life and reduce their burnout by teaching constructive/reciprocal communication pattern and appropriate emotional expression methods  and increasing stress tolerance

The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and reality therapy on affective control in mothers of mentally disabled (educatable) children. To fulfill this purpose, out of all mothers of mentally disabled children whose children were studying at the exceptional primary school of district 4 of Tehran during the academic year of 2019-2020, 45 subjects were selected using the convenience method as the research sample and were randomly divided into three groups (a control group and two experimental groups). Then, the subjects of the first and second experimental groups received dialectical behavior therapy and reality therapy in 8 sessions, respectively. The effective control Scale (Williams, Chambless & Ahrens 1997) was used as a research tool in three stages: before and after education and a three-month follow-up for all three groups (2 experimental groups and a control group). In the end, the findings of the mixed analysis of variance test showed that both of the implemented therapeutic approaches have led to an improvement in the effective control of mothers and the impact of both approaches has been significant and consistent over time (P≤0.01). In addition, the results of the Bonferroni test have shown that dialectical behavioral therapy has been more impactful on affective control than reality therapy. According to the findings of the present study, in the field of treatment and counseling of mothers of children with disabilities, dialectical behavior therapy, and reality therapy seems to be very effective and promising.

The current research attempts to study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on self-control, self-Restraint, and Dysfunctional Attitude in individuals with substance abuse. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, follow-up, and control group design. 34 patients referring to Tolou Medical Center which is located in Lorestan Province were selected in 1398 based on the Convenience Sampling and were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. In data collecting, Tanji, Banister, and Bon Self-Control Questionnaire (SCS), Weinberger & Schwartz self-Restraint Scale (SRS), and Weissman and Beck’s Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) were used. Data analysis based on Covariance Analysis demonstrated that there are significant differences between the post-test scores of self-control, self-restraint, and dysfunctional attitude between the control and experimental group. 18% self-control, 39% self-restraint, and 75% dysfunctional attitude can be interpreted by the cognitive-behavioral method. These findings show that cognitive-behavioral therapy can lead to an increase in self-control and self-restraint and a decrease in dysfunctional attitudes in drug abusers. Therefore, therapists can use this therapy as an interventional method.

Multiple sclerosis is a disorder of the central nervous system that, in addition to physical symptoms, can lead to psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. In this regard, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of yoga training on depression, overt and covert anxiety in women with multiple sclerosis. The present research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. A sample of 30 women referred to the MS Association of Gorgan in 2019 was selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The patients in the experimental group were included in the yoga training program for 8 sessions, but the patients in the control group did not receive any training. The research tool was the Spielberg Anxiety Scale and Back Depression Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and descriptive indicators and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that after yoga training, the mean scores of depression, overt and covert anxiety of the experimental group compared to the control group were significantly reduced. Therefore, the results showed that yoga training can be used as a useful intervention method to reduce depression, overt and covert anxiety of women with multiple sclerosis.

Accompanying chronic patients to caregiving is one of the major challenges in these patients because this process is complicated and affected by various factors, especially underlying conditions. One of the factors that can lead to continuity in these patients is the establishment of a therapeutic relationship between the patient and the treatment staff. Given the lack of a comprehensive study registered in Iranian study banks, the purpose of the present study is to summarize recent studies on the role of the therapeutic relationship in coping with chronic disease: a systematic review of research literature. The present study is a descriptive review and is a systematic review study according to the method of implementation. Searching for research history using the following electronic databases including google scholar, PubMed, Proquest, Ovid, ScienceDirect, SID scientific databases using English keywords Therapeutic Relationships, Adaptation, Chronic Disease and Persian words Therapeutic Relationship, Adaptation, Chronic Disease since 2016 Up to 2020 were collected. Results were qualitatively reported. After searching and evaluating the studies, the final analysis was performed on 20 articles. In these studies, a significant relationship between therapeutic relevance in adjustment with various chronic diseases has been reported. These articles have identified therapeutic relevance as an important factor in adherence to treatment and enhancing the quality of life in these patients, although prospective analytical studies with the control of confounding variables are needed to clarify this relationship.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-compassion and psychological capital (hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism) in predicting depression and death anxiety in patients with cancer. The population of the study was all patients with various types of cancer over 20 years old who went to one of the hospitals in Shahrekord in 2019. Among them, 148 people were randomly selected. The instruments were Neff self-compassion Scale (2003), Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007), Beck Depression Inventory (1961), and Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1970). The data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient, discriminant correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between self-compassion and psychological capital (hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism) with depression. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between hope, resilience, and optimism with death anxiety. the results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of depression and death anxiety is resilience and hope, respectively. According to the results of the present study, to improve the psychological problems of cancer patients, it is recommended to pay attention to psychological capital and self-compassion.

Addiction as a recurrent, destructive, self-inflicted disorder inflicting harm on family and society comes at a high cost while wasting opportunities and suppressing talents. Several treatment options have been designed for addiction but one of the most effective and important methods used all over the world is the twelve-step program or the treatment protocol used in the meetings of anonymous addicts. However, this method alone has often been associated with shortcomings. It has been shown that the twelve-step approach will be more effective when combined with therapeutic approaches to treat comorbid disorders such as depression and anxiety. Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy is an experiential and emotional therapy that has been shown to be highly effective and persistent in reducing depression and anxiety. This study analyzes the mechanism of effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapeutic interventions along with the twelve-step approach in reducing the symptoms of addiction, reducing the temptation to consume, and reducing the psychological defenses that lead to addiction.

One of Andre Greenchr('39')s most important services to psychoanalysis is the invention of the concept of the dead motherchr('39')s complex. The Dead Mother Complex is a special psychological configuration that revolves around the depressed mother image that is not emotionally available to the child and, in other words, is dead. According to Green, interacting with such a mother creates a kind of internal structural emptiness. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the origin of this psychological void in the psychological structure, the effect of this pathology on emotion regulation in these persons, and finally its therapeutic implications. The results of the present study indicate that the occurrence of this disorder in the motherchr('39')s initial relationship with the child causes a personchr('39')s relative inability to regulate emotions, which in the regulation of emotion leads to fear of experiencing intense emotions because belief Considering that emotions cannot be controlled inherently and internally, they themselves are overwhelmed by these emotions. Because research indicates the flexibility of lifelong attachment styles, and secure attachment styles can be created in later life and as a result of corrective experiences with another attachment symbol, it can be argued that self-compassion-based therapies can be a safe haven, provide that people with this psychological vacuum can take refuge and recover in times of turmoil.

Filial Therapy (FT) is a style of play therapy that uses parental play as a tool to treat childrenchr('39')s problems. This style of therapy, which is a combination of different approaches such as psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive theory, and the developmental theory of attachment and family system, encourages parents and children to express their feelings during the game in a desirable way. The aim of this study was to introduce and review the history, goals, and characteristics of Filial Therapy and providing research evidence on its effectiveness and benefits for a range of problems in children. The study method is descriptive and the articles of reputable scientific databases have been used to collect information. The results of the descriptive study and analysis of the research showed that the Filial Therapy intervention program reduces parental stress, improves parent-child interaction, reduces behavioral problems and anxiety, and improves social skills and behaviors. As a result, Filial Therapy can be used as an effective intervention in improving childrenchr('39')s behavioral and social problems. Also, it can use to repair parent-child relationships.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most debilitating chronic diseases affecting various aspects of a patientchr('39')s life. Being afflicted with this disease and suffering from its numerous and unpredictable symptoms result in the disruption of normal life in the patients, and adaptation to the disease can affect them socially and psychologically. The present study is aimed at offering a review of recent studies regarding the interventions to improve compatibility in medical-psychological and social aspects of life in patients with MS. It is a systematic review covering all related studies between 2015 and 2019. In order to find studies regarding these interventions, the researchers conducted an internet search using the keywords of “multiple sclerosis”, “compatibility” and their Persian equivalents in electronic databases including google scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SID, Proquest, and Ovid. The keywords were searched as separate words and combined together. The results were reported qualitatively. The results showed that MS patients with more perceived social support and self-compassion were more adaptable to their disease. Moreover, effective coping strategies and hope were reported to significantly affect disease symptoms and adaptation to MS, respectively. Due to the debilitating and long-term nature of MS, it is necessary to take advantage of useful psychological interventions to increase the patients’ adaptability to this disease.