Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2021

Buergerchr('39')s disease is a clot forming vasculitis which can lead to severe complications such as amputation of extremities. It is more prevalent in young male smokers and has a higher occurrence in eastern regions of the globe. The risk factors which raise the susceptibility to this condition include infection, tobacco consumption, and genetic factors. It is also hypothesized that the LPS of oral commensal bacteria can lead to various immune reactions that are seen in this disease. Several pathways have been proposed to be responsible for this disease, and the main pathways are through the innate and adaptive immune systems. One of the controversial aspects of the pathophysiology of this disease is its relation to the T cell immunity; histopathology findings have shown T cell infiltration in the arterial wall. In this literature review, our aim was to review the articles published in relation to Buerger’s disease, and the conclusion was that the T cell adaptive immunity might have a fundamental role in the disease pathophysiology, however, further investigation is needed.

Diabetes is one of the most important metabolic diseases worldwide. Wound infections due to antibiotic resistant bacteria can cause lower limbs ulceration and amputation in diabetic patients.The present study was performed with the aim of the evaluation of antibacterial effects of cellulose disc from kombucha- on bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers.

In this descriptive-analytical study,bacterial were isolated from diabetic wounds and identified based on biochemical and molecular characterization. Then the antibacterial effect of Kombucha cellulose layer wasevaluated on the isolates using disc diffusion (qualitative) and agar dilution (quantitative) methods, and the data was statisticaly analyzed.

The most frequency of pathogenic bacteria that isolated in the present study from diabetic wounds were included 56% Escherichia coli (E.coli), 22% Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae), 6% Citrobacter diversus (C. diversus), 4% for each of Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes), Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) and Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia), and 2% for each of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). TheResults of antimicrobial effect of kombucha cellulose disc showed that the disc weighing 0.5 mg was effective on all bacteria during agar disk diffusion method and the largest diameter of the growth inhibition zone was related to MRSA (27.5 mm).The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Kombucha cellulose layer were 12.5 mg/ml on MRSA, 25 mg/ml on S. aureus, 75 mg/ml on  E. aerogenes, C. diversus and K. pneumonia, 71.15 mg/ml on E.coli, 85 mg/ml on E.cloacae, and 100 mg/ml on C. freundii.

The findings of this study showed that the cellulose layer of Kombucha has excellent antibacterial effects against  infectious bacteria in diabetic wounds and can be used in various medical and therapeutic targets.

Migraine is a chronic health issue having a global prevalence of more than one billion people. Migraine impairs daily activities of sufferers and hence the academic performance of medical students as well. This study aimed to investigate the migraine prevalence among a sample of university medical students and to examine the predictors, trigger factors and impact of migraine among these students.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in three months, among the medical students of Karachi, Pakistan. Responses were collected using a self-administered questionnaire employing convenience sampling technique. The frequency, duration of attacks, severity, trigger factors, predictors and impact were measured for migraine cases. Independent t-test and chi-square test were used as the primary statistical tests. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics (version 24) was used for all the analyses.

The overall migraine prevalence among students was 52.3% with the majority of migraines occurring in females. Year of study, age of onset, frequency and pain intensity were significantly associated with migraine in (P<0.05) whereas age and gender were not (P>0.05). Stress (96.4%) and lack of sleep (92.8%) were the most frequent trigger factors of migraine while family history was the most common predictor (32.1%).

Almost half of the medical students suffered from migraine with the majority being females. Reducing stress and improving sleep quality might be helpful in decreasing the migraine attacks in this population.

Given the high prevalence of epilepsy and low availability of usual therapies, finding more effective drugs is essential for the treatment of epileptic patients. In the present study, the anti-epileptic property of the methanol extract of Biarum carduchrum (B. carduchrum) leaves was investigated on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindled rats.

In this experimental study, fifty Wistar rats were randomly grouped into five groups including 1: Control, 2: PTZ, 3: PTZ +  methanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg), and 4: PTZ + methanolic extract + flumazenil. The scores of epilepsy were investigated 30 min after PTZ injection. Behavioral tests including Shuttle box, Morris Water Maze, and tail suspension tests were done in the experimental groups. Finally, the rats under deep anesthesia; serum samples were given, and their brain tissue removed for biochemical tests, including malondialdehyde level, anti-oxidant capacity, and nitrite and nitrate levels.

B. carduchrum methanolic extract reduced the number of tunic seizures and jumps in treated animals. The extract also induced an improvement in the passive avoidance memory and spatial memory in the Morris Water Maze test and reduced the immobilization time in the tail suspension test. Treatment of PTZ kindled rats with B. carduchrum methanolic extract resulted in a decrease in the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde as well as a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of the brain tissue and serum.

B. carduchrum methanolic extract can be used as an anti-epileptic agent for depression control, improvement of learning, and memory after complementary testing.

Chemotherapy was known as a potential approach for colon cancer therapy. Polymer-based nanocarriers prolong the circulation time of chemotherapeutic drugs, therefore anti-tumor drugs can passively accumulate in the malignant tumor position through the improved permeability and retention effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate anticancer potency of biodegradable and pH-sensitive nano-encapsulated Hydroxytyrosol in HT-29 cancer cell line and the potential molecular mechanism of action of Hydroxytyrosol.

The poly lactide-co-glycolide-co-polyacrylic acid (PLGA-co-PAA) nano-encapsulated Hydroxytyrosol was synthesized, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effects of both free and nano-encapsulated Hydroxytyrosol. The relative expression of colorectal cancer associated-1 (COCA1) gene was investigated by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR).

We observed that free and nano-encapsulated Hydroxytyrosol significantly decreased the viability of HT-29 cancer cells. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of nano-encapsulated Hydroxytyrosol on HT-29 cancer cells was significantly more than that of free Hydroxytyrosol. Also, the COLCA1 gene expression was up-regulated significantly in HT-29 cancer cells treated with either free or nano-encapsulated Hydroxytyrosol.

Generally, we showed that the anticancer potency of Hydroxytyrosol was significantly increased by a biodegradable and pH-sensitive nanoparticle. However, further studies on animal models seem necessary.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of assertiveness and stress management skills training on the reduction of high-risk behaviors in adolescent girls.

One hundred two female students from the high schools of Ilam participated in this quasi-experimental study in the year 2020. Samples were selected by cluster sampling and were randomly assigned to two intervention groups and one control group. The samples were trained with assertiveness and stress management skills. Data were collected using a standard High Risk Behavior Questionnaire at two stages of pre-test and post-test and were analyzed using SPSS V. 22 and the statistical tests, Kruskal-Wallis and U-Mann-Whitney. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.

High-risk behaviors in the assertiveness group were less than the control group (P = 0.03), but substance use in the assertiveness group was higher than the control group (P = 0.001), and the results of the intervention did not have the necessary consistency. Training intervention in the stress management group showed that high-risk behaviors in this group did not change after training (P = 0.7), but substance use in the stress management group was lower than the control group (P = 0.001). High-risk behaviors in the stress management and assertiveness groups showed a significant difference compared to the control group (P = 0.03) and the results of the training intervention in terms of assertiveness showed consistency, but in the stress management group, the results showed lack of consistency and significance. In addition, substance use in the stress management and assertiveness groups was less than the control group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.001).

Simultaneous implementation of assertiveness and stress management skills training with emphasis on substance use and high-risk behaviors in female students can have satisfactory effects.

Vaspin and chemerin, secreted from adipose tissue, are associated with insulin resistance. vaspin and chemerin have been shown to increase insulin sensitivity, as well as decrease the risk of diabetes. The purpose of the research was to explain the effect of acute submaximal exercise on vaspin, chemerin and insulin resistance in obese men.

Nine obese subjects were randomly selected with age (22.33 ± 1.87) and body mass index (31.16 ± 2.55). The acute exercise was the astrand bicycle ergometer test. The blood samples were taken from subjects before, immediately after exercise, and 30 minutes after exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 24 software were used to analysis of all data.

The results showed a significant decrease in vaspin level after acute exercise (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in insulin resistance and chemerin immediately after acute exercise and 30 minutes after exercise (P>0.05).  There was a significant correlation, after exercise, between vaspin and chemerin (P<0.05).

It seems that acute submaximal exercise was effective in decreasing vaspin. But, response of chemerin to submaximal exercise was not significant. However, the exact effects of acute exercise on other adipocytokines are not clear yet.

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) plays an important role in promoting the obesity related disorders including insulin resistance. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the levels of CT-1 and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.

Thirty-six  women (average age of 46.95±3.49 years old, average weight of 79.5±5.7 kg) with type 2 diabetes randomly assigned in three equal groups including HIIT, MICT and control groups. Both training program conducted for 12 weeks and three session per week. Blood samples collected before and after intervention and serum levels of CT-1 and insulin were measured by ELISA method.

Between group analysis indicated a significant decrease of CT-1 levels in HIIT (P=0.002) and MICT (P=0.016) groups compared to control group, but no significant difference observed between HIIT and MICT groups (P=1.000). Paired t test analysis indicated that serum levels of CT-1 significantly decreased in both HIIT and MICT groups (P<0.001). Moreover, insulin resistance significantly decreased in HIIT and MICT groups compared to control group (P<0.001). Intragroup analysis indicated a significant decrease of insulin resistance in HIIT and MICT groups (P<0.001).

It seems that, positive effects of HIIT and MICT protocols including improvement the insulin resistance are exerted by decreased the serum levels of CT-1. In addition, HIIT was no superior compared to MICT for observed changes in CT-1 levels and insulin resistance.