نشریه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی
پیاپی 36 (زمستان 1399)

Evaluating the distribution of Green Space and locating for future development by the spatial balance approach in the metropolis of Tabriz, is the main purpose of this study. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, fundamental-applied in nature and also cross-sectional in terms of time. To collect the data, three methods of library, field and status maps of the city have been used. Data analysis has been done both quantitatively and qualitatively. The selected criteria for fair locating of Green Space are evaluated and chosen by experts and the map of factors is output in the GIS (Geographical Information System), which finally has shown the proposed locations with the Index Overlay model. The findings of this study indicate that the lowest area of Green Space is related to region 9 and the highest one is related to region 2. According to the Green Space per capita statistics, region 2 with 9.4 per capita and region 9 with 1 per capita, have the highest and lowest Green Space per capita in Tabriz. This significant difference makes the accessibility difficult for the residents of these areas to Green Spaces that indicates the lack of spatial balance in the distribution of Green Space. Not so long ago, Tabriz was considered as one of the garden cities in Iran. However, nowadays due to population growth that leads to a decline in Green Space per capita and its unbalanced distribution, it is faced with inappropriate access to these spaces; So that this deficiency is not the same in its different areas.

Main question (or main goal): Assessing the level of educational poverty in different blocks of Ardabil city and clustering educational poverty in this city (very poor, poor, average, prosperous, very prosperous). In the 21st century, one of the indicators of urban development is the issue of low urban poverty. One of the components of urban poverty is educational poverty. This study showed that educational poverty has a cluster distribution and spatial autocorrelation in the Ardabil. However, the imbalance of spatial space between neighborhoods in this component has caused the disruption of spatial order and the growth of urban spiral in some parts of Ardabil and the marginalization of many other areas of the city. Relatively the southern and southwestern part of the city It includes very prosperous and prosperous blocks and poor and very poor blocks in terms of educational poverty are seen in the northwest and southeast. Hot spots include new settlements that were built after 1370 in Ardabil. In contrast, cold spots are more common on the outskirts of Ardabil and in informal settlements resulting from migration from other cities. The boundary between these two areas i.e., the central areas and in the whole basic texture of the city; includes: moderate spots and the border of educational poverty. Raw data of blocks were obtained based on the 1395 census, the rate of educational poverty was weighed using R software and ANP method and Arc GIS software was used to analyze hot spots in the spatial range of urban poverty according to their educational poverty.

Human habitations are always exposed to economic, socio-cultural and physical changes. In the meantime, the physical expansion of cities and villages towards each other causes the merger of a smaller town (village) into a larger area (city). The integration of the village in the city has brought so many consequences in the integration of the village and the city. Therefore, the aim of this study is the spatial analysis of the impacts of physical expansion of Kermanshah metropolis on surrounding villages. The present study which is practical in terms of purpose, and also is descriptive-analytical in terms of analysis method, has been applied by library studies - documentary, and field. Research data including primary data (interview form from elites and experts) and also research variables have been collected in both documentary and field. In the present research, the DEMATEL and VIKOR techniques were used to analyze the data; additionally three aspects (social, economic and physical) have been studied in 9 indicators. On the other hand it is shown by the results of DEMATEL model that among the studied dimensions, the physical aspect and among the studied indicators, index (C8), (access to services and public facilities) are in priority. It is shown by the results of analysis and prioritization of villages around the metropolis of Kermanshah due to the impacts of physical expansion using the VICOR model that the village of Nokan where is superior to other villages, has received the most impact with 0.893 score.

Stable expansion with emphasis on stable urban expansion in recent decades in the common theoretical and scientific literature on urban planning has imperceptible changed into a modern and predominant paradigm. Stable expansion is the expansion that can without any destruction or damage to providing the needs and wants of future generations, provide the needs of the present generation. A city has Stable expansion that has a stable urban economy, stable urban society and stable urban environment along with maintain the ecosystem, that these factors are the circumstances of a stable economic expansion. Developmental-applied is the essence of the present study and also in terms of research method is expressive-ratiocinative. Information of industrial, maintenance and agricultural actions have been analyzed in 1395 by comparison. Moreover, the information of economic areas through (LQ) spatial coefficient and representative graphical with three elements of state economy, economy of city of Dezful and comparison between two fabric of the city have been assessed. through analyzing the economics of stable expansion of Dezful in terms of spatial coefficient, which comprises essential and non-essential occupation, Recommendations have been provide to enhance the rates and coefficients of the city economic. Along with the increase of these two components, the measure of occupation will increase too, which leads to a stable economy finally, and we reach to non-essential occupation by deliberating the economy of city of Dezful according to state criteria along the old and modern fabric of Dezful which leads to failure the city economy and eventually, it takes the city away from stable expansion. To resolve this issue, two scenarios of consumption pattern and constant resources productivity are provided that help to stable urban expansion.

The Impact of Destination Image on Destination Personality and Tourists Satisfaction in the City of Tabriz has been done in the summer of 2019. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data collection, is descriptive survey. Also, It has been used structural equation modeling through the SMART PLS software to analyze data. The data required for this research has gathered by questionnaire with Simple random sampling method from Domestic tourists in the City of Tabriz. Statistical population of this research all are domestic tourists that in the summer of 2019 Have come to City of Tabriz. Given that the population size is unknown from Cochran formula is used in order to determine the sample size that number is obtained 384. Provided results showing that Destination Image variable on Destination Personality and Tourist Satisfaction has a Direct and significant impact; and also impact of Destination Personality on Tourist Satisfaction Direct and significant. And on the other Destination Image through the intermediate role of Destination Personality on Tourist Satisfaction Indirect impact and significant.

Developing countries are always confronting with natural disaster as a one of the most major challenges, which cause the local economy of the spoiled region irreversible damages and neutralize the effects of the development's achievements. It is crucial to pay more attention to the rural areas not only due to being in the center zone of the catastrophe but also involving the large percentage of the nation and the lack of facilities that can cause the countryside a vulnerable are .The land use, communication, infrastructural installations and equipment and public welfare, etcetera can be considered by planning of the rural development process as the factors of the physical-based planning, although all these indicators are affected by the economic dimensions of the village. The purpose of this study is to identify the economic problems of the villages of Sorena district in the first stage and then to investigate its relationship with economic resilience. This research method was a combinational one and subsequently phenomenological method was utilized to detect the economic troubles and Pearson correlation coefficient was partially used .The results determined that the economic problems of the villages of the Sorena district are the lack of job security, the lack of diversity in the entrepreneurship, the corruption of the financial and monetary policy, the lack of proper facilities and infrastructure and these problems have a significant relationship with the economic resilience.