مجله پژوهش های بوم شناسی شهری
پیاپی 21 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing social, cultural, economic, environmental and institutional structures in the growth and development of urban tourism in the city of Galugah. The type of research was descriptive-analytical through using survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of households in the city of Galugah, managers and tourists, which was determined using the Cochran's formula of 360 people as a sample size. Random sampling method was used to select the research samples.Theresearchtoolwas aresearcher-made questionnaire. Although the city of Galugah has been proposed as a tourist destination in recent years, but so far no scientific study has been conducted on the structures and potential of it to benefit the development of tourism in the city and therefore, the present study is the first to identify factors affecting urban tourism development in the study area. According to the results, in the tourism sector and the host community, social, cultural, economic, environmental and institutional dimensions have a direct impact on the sustainable development of tourism in the city of Galugah.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of healthy city policies based on local and regional needs in South Khorasan province. The type of research was descriptive and analytical, which was conducted in terms of conditions and the realization of the idea of ​​a healthy city in South Khorasan province, using health, social and residential indicators. The required data were obtained from general censuses, sampling of the Statistics Center and 300 sample households from 11 cities of the province. SPSS and ArcView software were used to analyze the data. The innovation of the research has been in using various indicators and giving priority to health indicators. The results showed that South Khorasan is one of the most deprived provinces and few facilities are concentrated in limited areas while other areas are in unfavorable conditions. In addition to being the poorest population groups, these areas are often adjacent to border areas and are more prone to common viral and microbial contamination in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The aim of this stuy was to investigate the situation of Rasht metropolis in terms of urban cycling and prioritization of optimal routes for designing cycling routes. The type of research was descriptive-analytical through survey method. The statistical population of the study included the citizens present in the cycling route of Gil Square in Rasht. Using Cochran's equation, 384 people were determined as the sample size. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of 0.74. SWOT analytical model and QSPM matrix, hierarchical analysis (AHP) were also used to analyze the data. The innovation of the present study is in using the opinions of citizens and proposing optimal cycling routes on the same basis, with respect to rankings. According to the research findings, 52.33% of the research sample preferred to use bicycles and 36.33% preferred buses for city trips. An examination of the status of the current cycling route showed that citizens do not choose the current two-kilometer route, despite their high desire for cycling. More than 60% of the respondents have expressed their desire to use the bike path from Gil Square to Mosalla Square at low and very low levels. SWOT matrix analysis showed that the best strategies for upgrading the urban cycling system in Rasht are offensive strategies, especially the design of new cycling routes. In this regard, using the AHP model, the optimal range for this strategy was suggested.

The purpose of this study is spatial analysis of the resilience of 22 neighborhoods of Babolsar in terms of physical indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, Shanol entropy model was used to weigh the indices and VIKOR multi-characteristic decision model (VIKOR) was used to analyze and level the studied areas according to physical resilience. What distinguishes the present study from previous researches is that in the present work, the degree of resilience of different textures of Babolsar city has been studied and analyzed according to physical characteristics (based on land use within the texture). According to the research findings, 40% of Babolsar neighborhoods show resilient, 20% semi - resilient and 40% low resilience in terms of physical indicators. The final evaluation showed that by emphasizing land use in case of emergencies, the physical resilience can facilitate service delivery and reduce potential damages, while 60% of Babolsar neighborhoods are not resilient in this regard.

The aim of this study is evaluate the quality of urban living environment in Baqershahr, Tehran. The type of research was a combination of objective and subjective methods. Data collection tools were documents, statistics and reports of related organizations and institutions. The quality of the living environment was evaluated with 23 measures in the form of pollution, ecological, infrastructure and urban facilities indicators in 5 degrees. Due to the heterogeneous importance of indicators and metrics, AHP model was used to determine the weight of indicators. Documentary data were combined with mental data and by devising a mathematical model and while determining the weight for the measures, the final result of the evaluation was expressed quantitatively and as a relation of the ideal situation. The results showed that 4 measures are in the very good range, 4 measures are in the good range, 4 measures are in the medium range, 8 measures are in the poor range and 3 measures are in the bad range. In terms of scores of 1 to 5 for the 5 spectra evaluated, the weighted average of the measures in terms of weight application for the measures was 3.31 and without it were 2.91. The results indicated that the study area has 66.1% of the desired quality of life and therefore the quality of living environment in Baqershahr is evaluated at a moderate level. High per capita urban green space and the rate of utilization of places from piped water and urban gas networks are strengths and air pollution due to the industrial nature of the region and proximity to Tehran and the presence of desert around, lack of sewerage network and low per capita cultural, sports, health and education were among the important shortcomings that were observed in this study. Quality of Environment, Urban Life, Baqershahr.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of educational land use in Ardebil. In this regard, using spatial statistics models, hot spot analysis and spatial autocorrelation in ArcGIS software, the spatial distribution of educational applications in Ardebil was investigated. Research data were collected by documentary method with reference to relevant sources and organizations. The use of spatial statistics analysis methods in the distribution of educational uses and temporal data (2016) and location (neighborhoods of Ardabil) is one of the innovations of the present study.The obtained results showed that areas 6, 7 and 10 of Zone 3 and Zone 6 of Zone 1 were blocks with high educational use weight and high concentration of hot spots. Finally area 11, of Zone 1, area 11, areas 3 and areas 4, 8 and 9 of Zone 2 were low training weight blocks and low concentrations of hot spots, which were at a lower level in terms of stability. Also, according to Moran index, the spatial distribution of educational land uses in Ardebil was clustered. The results of regression function analysis in Idrisi environment also showed that there was a positive correlation between educational use and population, educational use and residential, medical, law enforcement, commercial, commercial service and sports uses. Nonetheless there was a negative correlation between cultural use and green space and workshop-industrial use. The use of spatial statistics analysis methods in the distribution of educational land uses and data of temporal and location are the innovations of the present study.

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of urban development on rangelands and forests of Sirvan city. In terms of nature, it has been a descriptive-analytical research by the use of Landsat 5TM satellite sensors of 1987, Landsat 7 ETM + sensors of 2000 and Landsat 8 of OLI sensors of 2016 in order to collect data. After performing geometric and atmospheric corrections on the maps, images were classified through maximum likelihood algorithm supervised method with and LCM method was used to analyze the changes. The attempt was made to study the trend of land use changes in Sirvan city to protect the forests and pastures of Sirvan city, so that it could be planned for better management. Findings showed that in the period 1987 to 2000, about 140 ha of pastures were built for human lands and in the period 2000 to 2016, about 395 ha of pastures and 20 ha of forests were built for human lands. In a period of 29 years, 6850 ha of pastures and 680 ha of forests were changed to agricultural lands and according to the results, urban development has turned the rangeland and forest lands of Sirvan city into residential lands.Urban Development.

The aim of this study was to analyze rainfall drought indices to predict and reduce their negative effects in Ardebil province, which involved a descriptive-analytical study in terms of research type. Data were collected using documentary method. Accordingly, the information of mean rainfall and mean temperature on a monthly basis in synoptic stations of Ardebil, Germi, Parsabad, Meshkinshahr and Khalkhal were received from the Meteorological Organization in Ardebil province for the period (1996-1996). Dip and Dic software were used to analyze the SPI and CZI indices data in each of the 5 synoptic stations of the province. Drought zoning was then performed in two scales of 6 and 12 months, from IDW interpolation, in ArcGIS software. The innovation of the present study was the use of if-then rules in MATLAB software in combining drought indicators in the field of climatology. The results showed that very severe droughts at the 12-month scale were less than at the 6-month scale, and in all 5 stations studied, the number of moderate droughts was more than severe and very severe ones. Also, the highest frequency of drought was observed in Ardebil city and the lowest in Germi station. Similarly, a comparison of the two indicators displayed that their performance did not differ much; but it turned out that the SPI index, could reveal the number of droughts better than the CZI index.

The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a strategic planning model for tourist attractions of Karaj metropolis and feasibility study for creating a tourist village. In terms of type of research, it was descriptive-analytical and with regard to the method, it was a survey. To collect data, two separate researcher-made questionnaires were used for professionals and tourists. The analysis of the findings was performed using internal and external factor evaluation matrix and model (SWOT).Paying attention to the various tourist attractions of this metropolis and the participation of the private sector and the interaction between public institutions and government organizations in order to offer new and creative ways to honor this industry are among the innovations of the study. According to the research results, the city of Karaj has several bottlenecks in terms of tourism conditions, especially in the field of recreational spaces. Urban areas face a lack of suitable pristine and empty spaces at the inner city levels, as well as problems such as traffic and pollution caused by the creation of inner-city travel. Considering the tourism potentials of Karaj city, a conservative strategy or WO is a suitable strategy to attract tourists.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pedestrian based design on Khajeh Nasir Street, located in the old part of Gazborkhar city, on increasing urban vitality, by the application of descriptive-analytical and survey methods. The statistical population of the study included citizens over 18 year old living on Khajeh Nasir street in Gazborkhar. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula to be 182 people. Research samples were selected using simple random sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed with an alpha coefficient higher than 0.7 structural equation tests and one sample t-test in Amos and SPSS software for analyzing the data. Unlike previous studies, and instead of the usual methods, the present study has utilized deeper look through structural models to investigate and evaluate the impact of latent variables affecting urban vitality. According to the obtained results, the urban vitality index is affected by the implementation of the pedestrian plan and with the implementation of the pedestrian plan; we can expect an increase in urban vitality with an average of 0.85 in the city of Gazborkhar.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the epistemological foundations and theoretical models of the sense of place and roots among the residents of Haft Houz neighborhood of Tehran. The research method was descriptive-analytical and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the study included the residents of Haft Houz neighborhood of Tehran, which according to the results of the 2016 census, their number was 30401 people and using Cochran's formula, 379 people were determined as the sample size. To achieve better results, the sample size was increased to 500. Research samples were selected using simple random sampling method. The innovation of this research is in using the place perception model and its quantitative analysis in relation to the originality and roots of the inhabitants of the region. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance in SPSS software were used to analyze the data. According to the obtained results, there is a large amount of space among the residents of Haft-e-Hawz neighborhood. The level of space between different groups in terms of land dependence and duration of residence showed a significant difference.

The purpose of this study was to determine the vulnerable and resistant areas of alluvial areas of west of Tehran against seismic hazards. The research method included the study of important fractures, effective faults, the use of sediment diagrams of drilled boreholes and geotechnical data. Samples were examined from two aspects of density and standard penetration test. Finally, an alluvial zoning map of the western regions of Tehran was prepared and plotted against seismic hazards. According to this study, the south-eastern part of the study area has the most impact in terms of intensification of seismic waves and its northern part does not have any intensification. In addition, due to the soil quality, the possibility of liquefaction in the study area is also important. Since the city of Tehran is based on alluvial formations, it is essential for designers and builders of civil engineering projects to examine the type and extent of alluviums and their response to seismic hazards in Tehran, as these data are used by planners to strengthen different urban areas and reduce seismic hazards. In this study, for the first time, the effect of seismic waves was evaluated based on the subsurface connections of faults with alluvial areas in the west of Tehran.