نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال نهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 56، بهمن 1399)

Psychological interventions are necessary for countering academic underachievement in students. This study focused on the two constructs of anxiety and mindfulness that may have a destructive and protective role in learning objectives, respectively. The purpose of this research was to determine the role of latent anxiety, manifest anxiety, and mindfulness skills in explaining academic procrastination in adolescent girls. A descriptive-correlational research design was used for the present study. 350 female students from the secondary schools of Rasht city in Guilan Province, Iran were selected. Two-stage cluster sampling was utilized to select students from various academic fields. Next, the samples were evaluated employing the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (Solomon and Rothblum), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Cattellchr('39')s Anxiety Scale Questionnaire. For data analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis with the enter method were employed. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between latent anxiety (r=0.13, p<0.05) and the subscale of action with alertness (r=-0.27, p<0.01) with procrastination. There was no significant relationship between manifest anxiety and other components of mindfulness with procrastination. Also, regression analysis showed that only the variable of action with alertness (β=- 0.25, P<0.0001) negatively predicts academic procrastination scores. Findings confirm the importance of removing the factor of latent anxiety as a fundamental and maintaining factor for the cycle of procrastination. Results also confirm that it is necessary to utilize mindfulness exercises with a focus on awareness as an adaptive skill for the improvement of academic efficacy.

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of storytelling and play therapy of the parent of the child on the aggression of social fear in children with symptoms of coping disobedience. The research design was quasi-experimental of pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study was all female students with symptoms of confrontational disobedience disorder who were studying in Tabriz schools in the academic year of 2019-2020. All students studying in the primary school were selected by available sampling and the grading scale of confrontational disobedience disorder was performed by the teachers of these schools on all students. After scoring the questionnaires and screening, 60 students were selected and randomly divided into three groups of 20 people. For data collection, the Shahim Aggression Questionnaire (2006) and Social Fear of Masia et al. (2003) were used. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and LSD post hoc test. The results showed that parent-child story therapy and play therapy have an effect on studentschr('39') aggression and social fear and reduce their aggression and social fear. The results of the post hoc test also showed that play therapy has a greater effect on aggression and social fear in children. Therefore, school counselors are advised to use story therapy and play therapy to reduce the psychological problems of children.

The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive processing speed, problem solving / planning, and behavioral/emotional organization in students with reading disorder with normal students. The method of this study was causal-comparative research. The statistical population of the study included all primary school pupils in Tabriz. The research sample consisted of 30 male students with reading disorders and 30 normal students from the third grade who were selected by the purposive sampling method. For data gathering, Connerchr('39')s neuropsychological test was used. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between students with the reading disorder and normal students in problem-solving and cognitive processing (p<0/01), and there was no significant difference for the behavioral/emotional organization variable (p>0/01). Based on this, it can be concluded that students with the reading disorder in problem-solving / planning and cognitive processing are poorer than normal students, and intervention in these variables helps to improve reading disorders.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of empirical avoidance and difficulty in emotion regulation in predicting self-harm behaviors in adolescent girls with a history of running away from home. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was all adolescent girls who referred to harm reduction centers and night shelters in Tehran in 1399, from which 90 people with a history of running away from home were selected by convenience sampling. Research instruments included the standard self-harm questionnaire by Sansone et al. (1998), the Bond et al. Acceptance and Practice Scale (2011), and the difficulty in regulating emotion by Gratz and Roemer (2004). Stepwise regression was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that empirical avoidance and difficulty in emotion regulation had a significant positive relationship with self-harming behaviors (P <0.01).  The results also showed that empirical avoidance predicts 0.46, lack of emotional awareness 0.21, and lack of access to emotional behaviors 0.31 of self-harming behaviors. Given the role of empirical avoidance and difficulty in emotion regulation in predicting self-harm, it seems necessary to conduct workshops based on emotion regulation and empirical avoidance.

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common classes of psychiatric disorders worldwide. There are various models for the formation and persistence of this disorder that indicate the importance of this disorder among many emotional disorders in recent decades; Cognitive function is one of the cases in which generalized anxiety disorder can greatly affect. The effectiveness of silva-style psychomotor relaxation on cognitive functions in people with a generalized anxiety disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals referring to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Tehran in the first six months of 2017. After initial evaluation using the Pervasive Anxiety Disorder Scale, 30 of them were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15) groups. Silva-style psycho-relaxation group therapy was performed on the experimental group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes (two sessions per week); The control group was placed on a waiting list for one month. In order to collect information, the Pervasive Anxiety Disorder Scale (Spitz, et al., 2006) and the Wisconsin Card Test (Grant & Berg, 1984) were used in two stages: pre-test and post-test. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that after controlling the effect of the pretest, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of cognitive function components including success and achievement in the experimental and control groups (P<0.005). In general, according to the results of the study, it can be said that the silva-style psychosomatic intervention has an effect on improving the cognitive functions of people with a generalized anxiety disorder.

Eating disorders are among the most harmful psychiatric disorder, associated with important medical and psychological illnesses that cause significant personal, family, and social costs. The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty in the relationship between balanced and unbalanced family functions with eating disorder symptoms in adolescents. This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescents 13 to 18 years old studying in high schools (first and second year) in Tehran in the academic year of 1997-98, of which 567 were selected as the sample group using convenience sampling and they answered the test of eating attitudes test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and the Family Adaptability & Cohesion Evaluation scale (Olson, 2011). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results indicated a good fit for the research model. It was shown that the direct path of balanced and unbalanced family function to eating disorders is not significant but the indirect effect of unbalanced family functioning to eating disorders through difficulty in regulating emotion is significant (p = 0.001, β = 0.166). According to the results of the present study, it can be suggested that to intervene in eating disorders, instead of focusing on family functions, emotion regulation skills can be selected as the goal of treatment.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between family communication patterns with the tendency toward high-risk behaviors and internet addiction. The statistical population included all students of the Azad University South Tehran Branch in the 1397-98 academic year. Using the convenience sampling method, 220 students entered the study and completed the Family Communication Patterns questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Youth Risk-Taking Scale, and Internet Addiction Test. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Structural Equation Modeling method. The results indicated that emotion regulation difficulties play a fully mediating role in the relationship between the conformity orientation of family communication patterns with a tendency toward high-risk behaviors and internet addiction, but donchr('39')t have a mediating role in the relationship between the conversation orientation of family communication patterns with a tendency toward high-risk behaviors and internet addiction. So it could be concluded that the conformity orientation is effective in creating a tendency toward high-risk behaviors and internet addiction through emotion regulation difficulties.

The aim of this study was to predict the positive development of adolescence based on basic psychological needs and parental bonding. The present study, according to the basic purpose and nature of the subject, was a descriptive-correlational study. The study population is the first high school students in Bahman, all of whom have entered the research (182 people). The data collection instruments were the positive youth development questionnaire of Goldoff et al. (2014), Basic Psychological Needs Scale of Desi and Ryan (2000), and the Parental Bonding Scale of Parker (1987). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 and Pearson correlation tests and multiple regression were run. The results of regression analysis showed that the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and communication)  and parental care directly, and parental control inversely predicted the positive adolescent development. Therefore, it is concluded that the positive development of adolescence can be predicted through basic psychological needs and parental bonding.

As mobile technology has become ubiquitous in modern culture, researchers have begun to examine the effects of technology use on couple and family relationships. The sum of this research shows that the use of technology has the potential to create disruptions in interactions. The present study aimed to predict behavioral problems in children aged 3-5 years based on motherschr('39') technoference and problematic internet use. The present study was a correlational study and its statistical population was all mothers in Tehran in 2020. From this statistical population, a sample of 322 mothers was selected by using the purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study included the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships (McDaniel and Coyne, 2016), Problematic Internet use (Caplan, 2010), and The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple Regression analysis with SPSS-26 software. Findings indicated that technoference and problematic internet use positively correlate to child behavior problems. The results of regression analysis showed that technoference and problematic internet use played significant roles in predicting child behavior problems. So, special attention should be paid to the effects of technology on family interactions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of emotional regulation, self-concept, and psychological flexibility in predicting social anxiety and depression of students with the mediating role of social functioning. The quantitative correlation method was used. The statistical population included all the female high school students in Qom city in the academic year 2018-2019. 359 students entered the study by cluster sampling method and answered to social phobia inventory (Connor and et al, 2000), Beck depression inventory-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996), emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross and John (2003), childrenchr('39')s self-concept scale (Piers, Harris and Herzberg, 2002), cognitive flexibility inventory (Dennis and Vander Wal, 2010) and social skills rating system (Gresham and Elliot, 1990). data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. Results showed the proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA=0/058, GFI=0/920, IFI=0/940 χ2= 0/8/671, P-value<0/05). all the direct paths were significant (P<0/05). Also, indirect paths between emotional regulation, self-concept, and psychological flexibility with social anxiety and depression through mediating role social skill were significant. The results of the present study can be useful as a suitable model for the development and design of prevention and treatment programs for studentschr('39') social anxiety and depression.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of different types of prejudice, resilience, and behavioral activation/inhibition systems (BAS / BIS) in predicting impulsive behavior in fathers with a history of physical violence against children. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was men with daughters who referred to counseling centers and welfare services in District 9 of Tehran, from which 80 people with a history of physical violence against children were selected by purposive sampling. The research instruments included Impulsivity Questionnaire  (Bart, 2004), Prejudice Questionnaire (Bahrman, 2014), Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003), and  Behavioral Activation / Inhibition Systems Scale (Carver & White, 1994). Pearson correlation test and simultaneous linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that impulsive behavior had a positive and significant relationship with prejudice   (religious, gender, racial, ethnic) and behavioral activation system and had a negative and significant relationship with resilience and behavioral inhibition system (P <0/05). Also, Regression results showed that religious prejudice   (0.70), gender prejudice   (0.41), resilience (0.36), behavioral activation system (0.57), and behavioral inhibition system (0.22) predict impulsive behavior. Given the role of different types of prejudice, resilience, and behavioral activation/inhibition systems in predicting impulsive behavior in fathers with a history of physical violence against their children, conducting workshops based on these concepts is essential for families.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on the level of resilience of women seeking a divorce in Tehran. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of this study included all women seeking a divorce who were referred to the court counseling department by the Tehran City Family Court, of which 60 were selected by available or voluntary sampling. Then, the experimental and control groups of 30 were randomly assigned. The seven-session schema therapy protocol was performed on the experimental group. In the pre-test and post-test stages, both groups completed the Divorce Tendency Scale of Rosbelt et al. (2001) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). The results of multivariate analysis showed that schema therapy had a significant effect on the resilience of women seeking a divorce (P<0.05). Based on this, it can be said that schema therapy has an effect on psychological variables such as womenchr('39')s resilience who seek divorce and increases its level. Accordingly, for future studies on women seeking a divorce, it is best to use schema therapy to increase mental health-related variables.

People who do not have formal art education spontaneously create works that, despite their uniqueness, are very similar to each other. These similarities can be seen most of all in the paintings of children and self-taught artists, which can indicate the common psychological roots of their creators. The question is, "In what ways and to what extent are the paintings of children and the self-taught similar to each other?" And "How can be explained the cause of these similarities ?". The purpose of this study is to explain the reasons for these structural similarities with a psychological approach. This is proof that the stages of human development are not linear, but circular, and the beginning of painting in old age can be considered a manifestation of Neoteny, which revives the enthusiasm of childhood and the curiosity of that period in the person. This study is qualitative research that has been done in a descriptive-analytical method and its information has been collected by the library method and field research.

In the contemporary world, with the rapid and increasing development of science and information and communication technology, computer games are the most popular entertainment and the core of leisure programs for many people of different ages in different societies. But the only aspect of using games is not entertainment, and games have found their way into real life. Recently, computer games have been increasingly used in growth and development, mental health, and education. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of computer games in the process of growth and development, psychological well-being, and executive functions of children and adolescents. In this research, by the documentary method and reviewing sources and by distancing ourselves from the critical space in relation to computer games, the applications, benefits, and necessities of computer games and especially their role in the field of child and adolescent development psychology and psychological well-being and mental health are discussed. According to the contents of this study, it can be said that computer games can be used in educational and medical centers in the process of growth and development, psychological well-being, and increasing the ability of sustained attention and working memory.

The family, as the first and perhaps the most important factor in the socialization of each person, plays a significant role in preventing or leading its members to addiction, because the family, while it can have valuable support from its members, can cause addiction or be a factor in exacerbating their addiction. One of the explanatory and preventive. One of the patterns of explanation and prevention that have been very useful even in the therapy of substance abuse is the pattern of risk factors and protective factors. This study was conducted by review method (narrative review) which based on the results revealed factors such as parental conflict, family dysfunction, poor family functioning, unhealthy family functions, lack of parental skills, low emotional relationships, negative family performance, lack of parental supervision, family background with a positive attitude towards drugs, abuse, domestic violence and psychological problems of parents Family atmosphere, lack of understanding, family conflict, lack of acceptance from the family, insecure attachment, parenting styles, and family disorders are the risk factors for addiction in the family. And factors such as good family performance and family continuity, positive emotional atmosphere, living with parents, especially in adulthood and proper communication with them, positive atmosphere at home and strong emotional connection in the family environment, addressing the needs of young people and justice-oriented families. Parentschr('39') authoritative parenting skills were family history profiles with a negative attitude toward drugs, family self-concept, and education as addictive and preventive factors in addiction. In the meantime Family-centered education and therapy such as community strengthening and family education program, family-centered empowerment modeling, a family-centered parental intervention involving methamphetamine through the method, family-centered education, good psychological regulation, stress management training, Family-centered training for physicians to intervene in addiction, self-esteem training, proper coping strategies and providing information to families, were among the effective family-centered training and treatments in addiction treatment, Therefore, it seems that addressing the family issue at all levels and stages of involvement in addiction is necessary and essential, and addiction prevention and therapy programs should be organized and implemented with a focus on the family.