International Journal of Nutrition Sciences
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Mar 2021

COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2 has spread in late 2019, and later, was announced as a pandemic disease. COVID-19 affects various organs of the body. Thus, patients are affected by a spectrum of disease severity and show a variety of symptoms such as fever, respiratory dysfunctions, and gastrointestinal complications. Nutritional treatment of patients consists of adequate intake of liquids, macro-and micro-nutrients to enhance the immune system and fulfill vital requirements. In addition to nutritional support during the treatment period, proper nutritional followup and support are needed to rehabilitate and regain optimal health status for survived COVID-19 patients. Thus, in this study, a review was done to present a guideline to provide nutritional support for COVID-19 survivors, to meet the needs, food purchase, and preparation.

Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an essential trace element and the smallest alkali metal with an atomic weight of 6.9 that is found in grains, vegetables and in supplemented drinking water sources that seems to have profound effects on human well-being, susceptibility to several diseases and stem cell growth kinetics. Much remains to be learned and understood about the implications of LiCl in nutrition and stem cell culture. This review is going to consider what is known about the natureof this competition and the knowledge towards understanding of lithium biology and its application in medicine in osteomyopathology, immunity, neuroprotectionm, radio- and chemotherapy, cancer and proliferation of stem cells.

Obesity and insulin resistance has been associated with vitamin D deficiency. Many studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased body weight, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, early onset of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease, mood disorders, and high blood pressure. The study was carried out with a total of 170 subjects, including 121 females and 49 males, aged between 19-65. Individuals’characteristics, general dietary habits, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, physical activity and mood status were evaluatedby the researcher. A total of 170 people with a mean age of 34.96±9.61 years participated in this study. Of the total participants, 121 were females. Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 had higher blood glucose (mg/dL), insulin (uU/mL), Homa-IR (mg/dL), and HbA1-C (%) levels and lower plasma vitamin D (ng/mL) level compared to those with a BMI of <25. It was shown that as the risk of eating disorders increased, insulin and Homa-IR values of the individuals increased too in directproportion and that Homa-IR values were higher in individuals with a higher risk of depression in direct proportion. Regarding any body weight management, the people should be evaluated and followed up in terms of insulin and vitamin D levels, dietary habits and mood disorders.

Limited fluid and electrolyte intake are part of standard diet of patients with renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). However, non-adherence is common and may be explained by patients’ insufficient nutritional knowledge. Therefore, we investigated the influence of a dietary counseling on MHD patients’ knowledge about nutrients and their subsequent consumed diet, with particular attention to the intake of phosphates and the phosphorus to protein intake ratio(i.e., the phosphorus content per gram of dietary protein intake per day). Forty-five MHD patients participated in this experimental study. At baseline, participants were interviewed by a dietician to assess their dietary habits and knowledge about nutrients and health-related consequences of electrolyte imbalances. In addition, they completed a nutrient intake diary during three consecutive days. Subsequently, individual dietary counseling, by means of personal advice was reinforced with the use of printed tables addressing the composition of food products and the phosphorus to protein intake ratio. Dietary counseling was repeated at three, six and nine months of follow-up. The interview with the dietician was repeated after one year. Forty-five MHD patients completed the study. Their knowledge about nutrients and their dietary habits and food preparation mode improved significantly after the counseling program. Especially, caloric intake and dietary composition became more adequate and balanced, respectively. Moreover, the phosphorus to protein intake ratio improved, as well as patients’ intake of phosphate binders. This study showed that nutritional counseling improved MHD patients’ knowledge about nutrients and subsequently diet composition and phosphate intake.

Recent changes in the actual Mediterranean diet include a reduced energy intake and a higher consumption of foods with low nutrient density. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of parental education on Mediterranean diet adherence among school children inShiraz, Southern Iran.

In a cross-sectional study, 150 male 12-15 years school children in Shiraz, southern Iran were enrolled. Children and their parents completed standardized questionnaires, which evaluated parents’ educational level and dietary habits. Anthropometric indices including weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed. Data fro 86 items food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate the score.

Totally, 12.3% of children had high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Logistic regression showed that adolescents’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet had a significant relationship with the level of parent’s education (p<0.03 among fathers and p<0.01 among mothers).

It was shown that adolescents’ compliance with the Mediterranean diet had a significant relationship with the parents’ educational level. The higher the level of parents’ education, the moreassociation with Mediterranean diet compliance was visible.

Food dyes are a group of additives which are added to food products to provide a desirable appearance that can have various side effects and complications. This study investigated the frequency of dyes used in traditional juices and beverages in Shiraz, southern Iran.

In this experimental study totally, 70 random samples of juices and beverages with different flavors were prepared from Shiraz, Iran. After the dye extraction and purification using thin layer chromatography based on the retention factor (Rf) of the corresponding color, the sampleswere analyzed and identified.

Sixty percent of the samples did not have any dye, 32.85% contained legally permitted synthetic dyes and 7.15% consisted of 2 unauthorized synthetic dyes. The highest frequency of consumption of artificial colors was observed for pomegranate-flavored juices and the most common use of artificial color was the simultaneous combination of two colors, carmoisine and sunset yellow.

It was shown that in some traditional juices and drinks, artificial dyes are still used illegally, which is a warning sign for public health, especially for the children. Therefore, it is necessary to provide more supervision and continuous control over the supply products and to deal seriously with units breaking the law to minimize the use of artificial dyes.

Among all edible mushrooms, truffles are the most expensive ones. This study assessed nutritional properties and phylogenic characteristics of black truffles grown in two regions of southern Iran.

In this experimental study, the samples were collected from two towns of Firuzabad and Sarvestan in Fars Province, southern Iran. They were analyzed in terms of chemical properties (carbohydrate, protein, reducing sugar, antioxidant, fat, minerals, and ash) according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) procedures. The sequence alignment and tree were determined using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA7) software. The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of the two truffles was amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers and were sequenced. The phylogenic analysis was conducted using Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) in the GeneBank (NCBI).

Specimens for the two regions were very similar in composition. The samples of Firuzabad and Sarvestan contained 63.5 and 66% carbohydrate, 13.06 and 12.93% protein, 5.81 and 5.69% fat, 5.16 and 5.05% ash, 2.05 and 1.72% reducing sugar based on dry weight, respectively. The truffles belonged to the species of Terfezia claveryi and the IST sequences of the truffles of the two areas were similar.

The Iranian black truffles were shown to be a good source of carbohydrate, protein, and minerals. These truffles in comparison to other mushroom had more antioxidant activity considering Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) values of 21.57 and 23.54 mmol per 100 g on dryweightbase. The genome sequences of truffles for the two cities were identical.

Bacterial diseases in aquaculture fishes are one of the most important risk factors in fish industry. Aeromonas hydrophila is the main causative agent of hemorrhagic septicemia in warm-water fishes, especially Cyprinidae that plays an important role in public health through consumption of contaminated fish meat that can cause gastroenteritis, traveler’s diarrhea, wound infection, pneumonia, and meningitis. Considering the importance of culturing Cyprinidae in Gilan province and the need to identify and detect the presence of A. hydrophila in Cyprinidae fishes suspected with hemorrhagic septicemia, this study aimed to isolate and identify A. hydrophila in Cyprinidae fishes suspected with hemorrhagic septicemia in Gilan province. In this Experimental study, during summer and autumn of 2020 by referring to 71 different warm fish farms of Gilan province, 100 specimens of Cyprinidae fishes were collected. A. hydrophila strains were isolated from the surface wounds (n=15) and kidney (n=85) of fish suspected to hemorrhagic septicemia by inoculation of samples on blood and MacConkey agar media. Among samples from fish kidneys and skin wounds, 51 samples were positive for A. hydrophila. Forty two isolates were confirmed as A. hydrophila by PCR technique using specific primers which targeted 16S rDNA gene fragment. Due to the significant role of A. hydrophila in Cyprinidae mortality in Gilan province, preventive and diagnostic strategies are necessary to control the occurrence of hemorrhagic septicemia by undertaking identification tests of A. hydrophila in fish pools that can reduce costs in fish industry management.