Jorjani Biomedicine Journal
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Summer 2021

Alternative splicing can alter genome sequence and as a consequence, many genes change to oncogenes. This event can also affect protein function and diversity. The growing number of study elucidate the pathological influence of impaired alternative splicing events on numerous disease including cancer. Here, we would like to highlight the significant role of alternative splicing in cancer biology and emphasize the necessity for conducting more research into target alternative splicing as a treatment for cancer.

Oral health affects physical and mental health, growth, enjoyment and community. Anxiety and depression can lead to tooth decay, thereby indirectly affecting the periodontal health of people. Those who experience mental illness also suffer from poor oral health and do not adherence with oral health instructions. Mental illness leads to fear, unhealthy habits, and distrust of dentists, each of which alone affects oral and dental health. This study aimed to evaluate the DMFT-affecting mental diseases in adults in Shahedieh in a cohort study in 2016.

In this prospective cohort study, Shahedieh cohort plan was used to collect the research data. Different psychological variables such as the history of these diseases, the drugs used in these patients, and the current incidence of mental illness were extracted from the especial Yazd Shahedieh cohort questionnaire. Oral health status in the participants was estimated based on the DMF index for permanent teeth in the participants. Mean, percentage, and standard deviation was performed to describe descriptive data, as well as Chi-square, t-test, and ANOVA, Regression. In addition, a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In the present study, total, 9967 subjects were enrolled in the study, 5028 of whom were men and 4939 were women. No significant difference was observed between the male and female participants regarding the number of decayed (p=0.14) and missing teeth (p=0.24) and DMFT index (p=0.69). There was no significant relationship between age and DMFT indexes. No correlation was observed between the level of education and DMFT index (p=0.147). There was no significant relationship between DMFT index and psychological disorders (depression [P=0.19]), other psychiatric diseases [P= 0.32]), mental health care (depression treatment [P=0.45] and treatment of other psychiatric diseases [P=0.97].)

According to the results of the study, no significant relationship was found between the DMFT index based on the mental and psychological profiles of the subjects.

Autophagy is a genetically and evolutionarily conserved the programmed process that destroys long-lived cellular proteins and organelles. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of strength training with alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on LC3-I and P62 in elderly diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 35 old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (healthy control, diabetic, diabetic + strength training, Diabetic + supplement, Diabetic + strength training + supplement). First, the rats became diabetic and had a fatty liver. Strength training program in 10 weeks performed. Alfa-lipoic acid supplement was also injected 3 days a week. At the end of the training period and tissues were removed and the expression of LC3-I and P62 were measured by RT-PCR. For data analysis, a one-way analysis variance test was used for comparison between groups was considered (P<0/05).

The result showed mRNA LC3-1 has increased and this change is more in the diabetic group. (P=0.001) and  despite the decrease in P62 gene expression, we did not see a significant difference between the control group and the diabetic in the training group with and without supplementation.However, no significant difference was observed between training methods and supplementation with exercise. Also, resistance training in combination with alpha-lipoic acid supplementation had a significant effect on reducing P62 content between control and experimental groups. (P=0.001).

Alfa-lipoic acid supplement with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect along with exercise can play an important role in improving fatty liver in elderly type 2 diabetic rats.

Cancer immunotherapy combined with other common treatments can be an effective way to overcome cancerous cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Freund Adjuvant on breast cancer in the BALB/c model of mice.

Twenty female inbred 6–7-week-old- BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups of Test and Control, each containing 10 mice. Breast cancer was induced by injecting106 4T1 cells into the right flank region of mice. After the tumors were palpable; animals were immunized three times by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of Freund adjuvant in the test group and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in the control group at same condition. During the study; tumor growth, body weight, and survival percentages in mice were measured by using the caliper method, and mortalities were recorded. Results were tabulated using Excel, and Graphpad Prism Version 8. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and T-test and the significance level for statistical tests was considered p≤0.05.

The results showed that tumor mice given Freund Adjuvant had a significant reduction in tumor size compared to the control group (P=0.01) and no significant weight difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.4). Furthermore, Kaplan Meier showed that the survival of the mice in the Freund Adjuvant group was significantly increased compared to the control group (P=0.009).

This study showed that Freund Adjuvant may play an important role in improving the function of the immune system for cancer immunotherapy.

Effects of resistance training and herbal supplements on cardiac signaling pathways are sparsely reported in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the CITED4 gene expression in the cardiac muscle of male rats as a result of resistance exercise and spirulina supplementation.

Thirty-two rats (male - Sprague Dally) were grouped into 4 groups (1. resistance training: RE, 2. spirulina + resistance training: SP +RE, 3. spirulina platensis: SP, 4. control: Co, n = 8). The training program was performed for healthy training groups 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Supplementation included 200 mg/kg/ day of Spirulina for the supplement groups. Real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression. We used of Two-way ANOVA in SPSS (p<0.05).

In comparison with the control group, we observed a significant increase in CITED4 gene expression in RE (P= 0.001) and RE+SP (P= 0.001) groups. Also, there was a significant difference in CEBP gene expression between CO with RE (P= 0.001), SP (P= 0.034), RE+SP (P= 0.001) groups.

Spirulina supplementation alone has no effect on the signaling pathway of cardiac hypertrophy. However, if used concomitantly with resistance training, it can affect the signal pathway of cardiac hypertrophy.

This study was conducted aimed to compare effects of Methylphenidate and endurance exercise on histopathological changes in brain tissue of male Wistar rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

In this study, 33 rats were divided into a control group (5 rats) and 4 experimental groups (28 rats) and 10 mg/kg of L-NAME (L-Arginine Methyl Ester) was injected peritoneally for 8 weeks for 6 days a week. Rats that tested positive for open test were used. Balance and motor coordination tests were taken after 8 weeks of training using Beam Walking or Balance Test. The drug group was given 1 mg per kg of Methylphenidate orally. The rats in the exercise group trained 30 minutes a day and 7 days a week for 4 weeks. Open Field Test was used to diagnose hyperactivity. 5-band treadmill was used for doing endurance exercise.

The results of the present study show that the effect of exercise on reducing histopathological changes in brain tissue in neonatal rats with ADHD is present. Therefore, it can be stated that exercise can be an alternative to the drugs such as methylphenidate.

According to the studyresults, the effect of exercise alone to methylphenidate is greater on brain tissue changes. Although the drug has been more effective on improving some variables such as changes in gray matter, it has not reduced neuronal changes, congestion and inflammation not seen in the exercise group. Also, the study results of simultaneous drug use and exercise are satisfactory.

The aim of this study was to investigate the response of lipid profile, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial biogenesis index of obese rats to various exercise training.

24 rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6: 1) obese-interval training (HIIT); 2) obese-continuous training (CT); 3) obese control (OB) and 4) control (Cont). During the study period, (from 16 to 24 weeks) rats in groups 1, 2, and 3 were given high-fat foods (from 16 to 24 weeks). After being familiarized, rats in groups 1 and 2 performed HIIT and continuous training three times a week for eight weeks, respectively. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test (p≤0.05).

A study of Western blotting showed that the amount of muscle PGC1α in HIIT and CT groups was significantly higher than OB and Cont groups. Also, despite the more reduction in visceral fat and other factors in the CT group, the HIIT groupchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s PGC1α content was higher than the CT group, which was not significant. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in HIIT and CT groups (At 24 weeks) were significantly lower than the OB group (p≤0.05); However, these glycemic indices weren’t significantly different from the control group (P≥0.05). There was a significant difference in TG, TC, LDL, and HDL values between the exercise groups with the OB group. In addition, the increase in visceral fat was 27% in the OB group, while a decrease of 30% and 43% was observed in the HIIT and CT groups, respectively (P<0.05).

It seems that the use of HIIT can be as effective as continuous training on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial function of muscle tissue in obese people.

Tooth bleaching changes the microhardness and mineral content and color of the tooth. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of carbamide peroxide on microhardness, mineral content and color change in white spot lesions.

Thirty-two samples were selected without caries, cracks and stains, and immersed in 0.5% chloramine-T for one week. Then the tooth crowns were separated. The teeth were artificially decayed by pH cycling. For bleaching on the enamel, a coating of 10% carbamide peroxide gel with a thickness of 1 mm was used for 8 hours. Samples were stored in artificial saliva for 16 hours. Bleaching process lasted for 14 days. Microhardness, color changes, calcium and phosphorus levels were measured before and after bleaching. Paired t-test and one-sample test were used to analyze the data.

The microhardness test results were 338.02± 90.15 and 320.94±87.41 before and after bleaching, respectively. microhardness of the samples significantly decreased after bleaching compared to before bleaching (P<0.001). Calcium and phosphorus content in samples after bleaching was not significantly different from before bleaching (P>0.05). The mean color change coefficient (∆E) after bleaching was 6.82±3.96. ∆E in the studied samples was significantly higher than the standard (∆E =3.3).

Bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide significantly reduced microhardness. There was no change in the mineral content of the enamel and color change was proper. It can be concluded from this study that bleaching with carbamide peroxide can be successful.