Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:23 Issue: 2, Apr 2020

Context: 

Vitamin B6, which is known as pyridoxine, is used as a nutritional supplement for many therapeutic purposes in medical centers. Women's health is important because they are assumed as the guarantors of health in societies. Breast pain is a common complaint in women of reproductive age and one of the most common reasons for women’s referral to health centers. The present study reviewed the impact of vitamin B6 on breast pain.

Evidence Acquisition:

 In order to gather relevant articles, the databases of IRCT, Iran Doc, SID, MagIran, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Knowledge were searched from 1980 up to July 2019. Keywords were extracted from MeSH, which included "Pyridoxol", "Rodex”, "PLP", "Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate", "Pyridoxine Hydrochloride", "Pyridoxine", "Vitamin B6", "Mastodynia", "Mammalgia", "Breast Pain", (Pain AND Breast), "Mastalgia", "Cycle Mastalgia", and "Non-Cycle Mastalgia". The same keywords were also searched in Persian databases. All selected studies had control and intervention groups and compared the pain-relieving effects of vitamin B6 with that of other therapies or placebo.

 Among 338 examined articles, seven fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The results showed that vitamin B6 was more effective than placebo in improving breast pain even at low doses.

 Vitamin B6 is effective in relieving breast pain. However, there are also other supplements and medications to treat breast pain, so some factors like cost-effectiveness, availability, and side effects should be considered to choose a suitable agent.

 A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency exists in Iranian people. Vitamin D plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of infertility.

 This study aimed to compare the serum levels of vitamin D in women with unexplained and male factor infertility admitted to the Infertility Center of the Ali ibn-e Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran, in 2018.

 This case-control study was performed on 155 women in two groups: a case group consisting of 105 women with unexplained infertility and a control group consisting of 50 women with male factor infertility admitted to the Ali ibn-e Abitaleb Hospital. Blood samples were taken from all the subjects and sent to the laboratory to determine the vitamin D level. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the data. Also, the mean serum vitamin D level was determined using an independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test, and the rate of P < 0.05 was considered significant.

 The results showed that vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (P < 0.001). The mean vitamin D level was 23.68 ± 6.88 in the case group and 10.90 ± 11.11 in the control group.

 The vitamin D level was lower in women with unexplained infertility than in women with male factor infertility. Therefore, measures need to be taken to prescribe vitamin D supplementation to infertile women.
 

 The increasing prevalence of overweight and related diseases has gained more scientific attention. Overweight and obesity are known as a threat to health, and low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels is associated with obesity.

 Therefore, we examined the effect of Pilates training on body composition, lipid profile, and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in inactive overweight women.

 In this clinical study, 28 overweight women were randomly divided into a training group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 14). Pilates training was performed three 60-min sessions during 12 weeks. In two stages, blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the last protocol exercise training session. During the 12 weeks, the control group had no exercise training. For analyzing within- and between-group changes, paired t-test and ANCOVA with the significant level of P < 0.05 were used, respectively.

 After 12 weeks of Pilates training in the training group compared to the control group, there was a significant decrease in the body mass index (P = 0.005), cholesterol (P = 0.001) and triglyceride (P = 0.001) values, and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P = 0.005), while high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.028) increased significantly. However, no significant change was observed in low-density lipoprotein levels (P = 0.435).

 According to the results, it can be indicated that 12 weeks of Pilates training have improved serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, changed anthropometry, and lipid profile in inactive overweight women.

 Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common and often severe psychiatric disorder. This disorder is a highly distressing disorder associated with poor quality of life. In addition, it is characterized by persistent and intrusive preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in one’s physical appearance accompanied by repetitive behaviors such as mirror checking, excessive grooming, and reassurance seeking.

 The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of BDD symptoms and body dissatisfaction among college students. Furthermore, the current study examined students’ checking behaviors and the parts of the body that they were most concerned about. This research also sought to examine the comorbidities associated with BDD symptoms, such as eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and social anxiety.

 A total of 750 college students were recruited from different schools of the Shiraz University, including Social Science, Engineering, Art, Education and Psychology, and Science and Art, using the cluster sampling method. Two classes were randomly selected in each school, and those who were volunteers took part in this study. Participants completed several questionnaires, including the Body Dysmorphic Disorder questionnaire, Beck Depression inventory, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder scale, Social Phobia inventory, and Eating Attitude test. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used.

 The results of this study showed that about 77% of college students were dissatisfied with at least one part of their bodies. The findings also revealed that the prevalence of BDD symptoms among college students was 4.5%. Furthermore, our results indicated that college students were mostly concerned about the appearance of their skin followed by hair, nose, weight, stomach, height, teeth, breast, and other parts of the body. In terms of checking behaviors, checking in front of a mirror, reassurance seeking, seeking treatment, and comparing themselves with others were the most common behaviors. The most prevalent comorbidity associated with BDD symptoms was obsessive compulsive disorder followed by social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.

 This study highlighted that the majority of college students were dissatisfied with their bodies. This research also showed that college students are at high risk of mental health problems.

 Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections are major global health issues and the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in couples attending a premarital screening program in Zakho city, Kurdistan region, Iraq.

 This cross-sectional study was carried out in Zakho city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, between January and October 2019. During this period, 2123 couples were screened for HBV and HCV as a part of premarital screening. The age of couples ranged from 18 to 63 years old. ELISA test was used to detect HBsAg, HBc IgG, and HCV Ab. Hepatitis C virus Ab positivity was then confirmed by HCV RT-PCR, and all HCV positive patients were then tested for genotyping.

 Among the recruited subjects, 38/4246 (0.89%) patients were positive for HBsAg. Of these, 12/2123 (0.57%) were females, and 26/2123 (1.22%) were males. Hepatitis C virus RT-PCR confirmed HCV positivity for one female patient who was further confirmed to be infected with HCV genotype 4.

 To conclude, the present study showed a relatively low prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in the couples tested through the premarital screening program in Zakho city. The prevalence of HBV seropositivity was higher in males than females. Therefore special attention should be paid to males during prevention strategies.
 

 This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of episiotomy and its early complications in natural vaginal delivery in the maternity ward of Ali Ibn Abitaleb (AS) Hospital in Zahedan from 2014 - 2016.

 In this cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 2017, the archives of women who gave birth between 2014 - 2016 were reviewed. Data were collected using information forms and analyzed by SPSS software.

 Of 418 women were reviewed, the episiotomy rate was 54.5%; there was a significant association between parity and mother age with episiotomy rate. Moreover, 24-hour pain frequency, perineal rupture rate, hematoma rate was significantly higher in the episiotomy group. First- and fifth-minute Apgar of the neonates in the episiotomy group was significantly lower.

 In overall, the episiotomy rate was 54.5%, and there was a significant association between parity and mother age with episiotomy rate.

 Hemodialysis improves renal function and increases lifetime. However, it causes a fundamental change in the whole life of patients. Many of these patients express their fears of an unacceptable life.

 This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life and death anxiety among patients on hemodialysis and determine their personality and demographic predictors.

 A total of 154 participants were recruited from the hemodialysis units of hospitals in Zahedan, the southeast of Iran. The participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale, Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and Templar's Death Anxiety Scale.

 In this study, 60.4% of the patients had high levels of death anxiety. About 70% of the patients had low or moderate levels of quality of life.

 Personality is an essential factor in predicting health-related quality of life and death anxiety. This result provides a better understanding of the determinants of death anxiety and HQOL.

 The use of natural compounds in relieving pain has been commonplace since ancient times and their use is currently increasing.

 Given that analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Kombucha have not been studied, this study was designed to examine these effects in vitro.

 In this experimental study, rats were divided into four groups. The control group received normal saline i.p in the same amount of the drug. The other groups received Kombucha tea i.p at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Tail-flick and acetic acid tests were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of Kombucha tea and the xylene-induced ear inflammation test to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Kombucha tea.

 Kombucha tea at three doses 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of writhings in the acetic acid test. Kombucha tea at 1000 mg/kg significantly increased pain tolerance in the tail-flick test. Kombucha tea at 250 and 500 mg/kg could significantly reduce inflammation in the rat’s ear.

 The results of this study indicate that Kombucha has analgesic effects in rats and can be considered in future treatments.
 

 Dental avulsion is a severe injury in which the tooth is totally displaced out of its alveolar socket. Replantation of avulsed teeth is a standard procedure. The success of the treatment of traumatized teeth revolves around the status of periodontium since it is a vital structure. Furthermore, other factors, including extra-alveolar time period, choice of storage media, and contamination of the avulsed tooth, can determine the success of replantation. Delay in the replantation of avulsed incisors increases the risk of dentoalveolar ankylosis and replacement root resorption.

 This case report presented a 9-year-old girl with tooth avulsion subjected to a 3-year follow-up after the replantation of avulsed maxillary central incisors kept in dry conditions for seven days. The avulsed mature permanent teeth were managed through the application of treatment guidelines with prolonged extra-oral time. The avulsed teeth were replanted and splinted for four weeks. The canals of both teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide and replaced by mineral trioxide aggregate after six months. Two months after replantation, there were signs of external root resorption in tooth 21.

 In the third year of follow-up, both teeth were infraoccluded, although they had an acceptable level of functionality and appearance. These ankylosed incisors can be managed successfully with the decoronation technique in the future.