نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 38 (تابستان 1392)

Each heavy snow event may be not caused by blocking phenomenon, but Occurrence ofpersistent and heavy snow (4 days or more) can be associated with the occurrence of blockingphenomenon. In order to understand and evaluate the effectiveness of the heavy snowfall andpersistent blocking patterns Iran, Daily data of 500 hPa height, For the cold season (Octoberto March); A period of 60 years in a horizontal grid with a spatial resolution 5/2 * 5/2, fromNCEP-NCAR sites, was extracted to 40 degrees west and 100 degrees east longitude and 20to 80 degrees north latitude. In order to extract the blocking event, data Based on quantitativeindex climatology, the name of the two-dimensional detector, in MAT LAB softwareenvironment, were programmed to detect the occurrence. Then all blocking events continuedfor 4 days and further extracted. Due to the volume of data, through principal component andclustering techniques, extracted the prevailing patterns blocking. The dominant patterns ofprecipitation were effective in blocking 4 models on which of these four models, only onemodel is effective on snow and severe persistent. Results showed that the effects onprecipitation patterns, Only Omega blocking pattern, Right trough was recognized as aneffective blocking pattern on snow, because the cold air from above to strengthen widths rainsystem. The results showed if other conditions such as the availability of synoptic Strongpressure level ground, Position of zero degrees C isotherm at 850 hPa and The thickness ofthe layer thickness of 500 to 1000 Maps Leading to heavy snowfall continued to be in thepresence of blocking occurrence.

Natural hazards as an important factor for the environmental planners. These hazards areexacerbated by the Human Performance, However, flooding is not exempt from thisphenomenon. In this article the influence of various factors to determine the risk areas.However one of the factors leading flooding hazard, the development of rural areas in thesurrounding rivers and floodplains.so The zoning maps, flood risk in the management, Thishazard can be very effective And the authorities used in order to assist planning . In thisstudy , methods use statistical data, analysis of spatial data and the use of Satellite images forpreparation curve number in model scs With GIS technique.in the step use CN map andpreparation layer,zoning potential Similar runoff are determined In Based on the results of themodel About 48% of the floor without a runoff, and the runoff is low, 36% moderate and 16%runoff classes are too severe. The severity of flooding is concentrated in the southern half ofthe province.In this part of the study, the mapping of these factors in the GIS By analyzing inthe buffering and danger zones with varying intensities determined Finally, the mostvulnerable villages in the region in terms of the severity of these risks are prioritized.Suchstudies can provide useful guidelines for the identification and assessment of natural hazardsand priorities Settlements also provide risk managers and planners will be responsible in thisregard.

Globalization phenomenon and changing in many aspects of life, especially in urbanarchitecture, family aspect society’s culture is a matter of whether the analytical mind has itsown busy. Accordingly, the greatest concern of analysts focused on family and culturaldamage that globalization causes in developing countries, particularly Iran.Today, urbanization in developing countries is happening faster than developed countriesduring the boom of the industrial revolution. It’s about thousands of years, that cities arecenter of culture, thought social interaction between humans and urban development.However, since the emergence of humans on earth, the majority of the people have lived inthe, villages, towns, and mass tissue, but with the coming of the twenty-first century andespecially in the last two decades of the twentieth century is the time of occurring two majorglobal events on human life. One of these two events is urbanization and the emergence ofglobal cities which was formed in developing countries. Transformation of cities in developedcountries and the developing countries urban system should be considered in relation to thecomplex relationship between the global cities in developed countries, because all of globalcities are not located in developed countries, however it is likely that the term consists morecities in North America and Europe, but the growing importance of Asian cities and someurban centers in Latin America has increased a new dimension to the theory of developingcities in the era of globalization. This research wants to deal with the impact of globalizationin various fields of political, social, demographic, physical form of architecture and urbanculture in developing countries and Iran will be reviewed and evaluated. The method used inthis comparative study is to examine the impact of the globalization process and its challengesin developing countries, trends, events, and positive and negative effects of this phenomenonon a large third world cities, especially cities on the comparative study of using a library isdiscussed. The results show that the intensification of the globalization process, the cities ofdeveloping countries in terms of consumption patterns, popular culture and the builtenvironment are similar to their Western counterparts.

Sour is one of the Bonab province villages in east Azarbiajan by cultural value among rockyvaluable villages belong to notional heritage that it has been registered by cultural heritageorganization, hand-made crafts and tourism organization. Establishment of optimal, dynamicvillage spaces from socio- cultural, economical, environmental and structural view points isthe strategically good of village regions quality promotion, so by reviewing and investigationof climate based architecture, the village residential complexes are constructed based onstructural fabric and vernacular patterns, today employing new generation of convenientclimate indices are identified as physiologic-temperature indices. Health is considered inurban climate studies and other aspects like tourism. In this research, sour convenient climateconditions are evaluated by physiological equivalent temperature (PET). Predicted Mean vote(PMV) and standard effective temperature (SET) based on human body energy balance thatthe effect of climate, thermo physiology and activity are expressed. In analysis of convenientclimate of sour PET, PMV, and SET have been used. The climatic data were collected fromthe near synoptic station and the climate was studied daily and monthly. Among RAYMANmodel criteria PET was selected as the best pattern the results show that climatic convenientperiod is 44days by maximum in khordad and mehr. By lock at thermal stress, this village isin severe and medium cold stress in 179 days by considering radiation angle and direction andwind direction. The propositions have been proposed proportionate with the village climate.According to analyses, the best direction for construction of the houses is between 45. Southeast and 45. South west and the best direction is 15-30. South east with the highest winterradiation and lowest effete of winter and fall wind that is compatible with the region climate.

Urban management of Tehran City have been faced to different challenges, special in theeconomic structure, while this mega city has both specific location (administrative – politicalcentrality )to attract the capital in the country and it's historical background indicate that' scapability to attract the inner and outer tourists ,so The Great Bazar of Tehran, because of hislocation in urban old texture and it's various functions (commercial, religious, recreational andso on ) is considerable. This article attempts to know comprehensively of various capabilitiesof The Great Bazar of Tehran with an descriptive- exploratory approach in urban tourismdevelopment. In this article ,according to the research type (correlation), different limitationsin data collection , samples number is 150, that is based on the accidental sampling.According to the hypothesis and research problem and to measure the correlation between thevariables (the infrastructures of The Great Bazar and urban tourism development ), indicatorsinclude( communicative, informal, servicing ,cultural - religious , historical , commercial andrecreational) have been studied. Based on the Conclusions of the research ,about (Studyingand comparison of changes trends of The Great Bazar of Tehran) show that considerablefunctional weakness is on the management and planning of tourism developmentplanning(The Great Bazar of Tehran);Thus The Great Bazar of Tehran, according to it'sspatial potentials , with a strategic planning , participatory management and quantitative andqualitative provision of the communicative, servicing and informal infrastructures ,byadapting to universal standards and criteria, can has so important role to attract inner andouter tourists and positive functional changes in Tehran city and the other levels.

Siah khor basin locating on the outskirts of Western Islam Abad enjoys a wide variety oflandslides which have posed a threat to pasturelands and implementing watershedmanagement plans in the area. Studying the landslide condition in the region, its zonation aswell as identifying the areas which are more sensitive to landslides and also specifying themount of relocation and the its relevant mechanisms will enable us to control andpredict preventive action in response to the possible dangers in the future. landslides andstudying the factors and elements causing them can result in rapid and better control ofthem.In this research we have tried using AHP application model based on the optimalexpertise in the area of Seahkhor Basin landslide zonation map extracted. For this purpose, aDelphi consensus techniques, GIS and multi-criteria decision making is used. Analysis resultsshow that factor analysis, hierarchical in Seahkhor Basin, geology, land use, and precipitation,the most important parameters influencing landslides in the area are the Seahkhor Basin.Seahkhor Basin landslide zonation map of the area shows a total of more than 70% of criticaland semi-critical status and potential of the landslide. The landslide distribution in North,North East, Central and South West areas of special geological and topographical conditionsas well as changes in land use is indiscriminate. The management of mass movements in theseareas should be considered further.

Indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater aquifers in the arid and semi- arid regions plains0f Iran has been causing a sharp drop in groundwater levels. artificial recharge groundwaterby flood spreading Method is a procedure that applicable for increasing the volume of thetank and prevent the severe drop in groundwater levels. In this Study Identificated suitableareas of flood Spreading for artificial recharge groundwater by using integrated GeographicInformation System(GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy process(AHP) in Abied- Sarbishe 0fGotvand region. For this seven effective indices - slope, infiltration, electrical conductivity,alluvial thickness transmisivity, drainage density and land use was prepared in GISenvironment and weighted by Analytical Hierarchy process(AHP). In next step with usingGIS analytical function and weight of each layer in AHP Method integrated effective indicesmaps and prepared finally map in four classes from suitable to unsuitable. The results of thisstudy showed That areas with high suitability for artificial recharge projects Often in alluvialfan geomorphological units and often located in less than 3 percent slopes.. Ground controlsshowed that high compliance between site selection and projects implemented in the studyarea.