نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 29 (بهار 1390)

Studying the location and spatial works and products, as a part of human behavior, proves to be very useful in the semiotic studies, since such human-made works are rich in information and meanings which are all the key topics of semiotics. Whereas, the perspectives are considered to be as human products, they can reveal the meanings as targeted by the creator of the very work or the human. Hence, semiotics of cultural perspectives is considered to be one of the ways and means of understanding meaning in human living environment. In this way, cultural perspectives are reviewed as the text and context. For discovering such contexts or texts through cultural perspectives, their similes and meanings can be employed. This paper, through documents and library method, focuses on the semiotics in studying perspectives in cultural geography. Although in contemporary era, semiotics have found way mainly into different disciplines of the humanities, few such studies have worked on cultural geography studies.

Searching for events that have been happened and historical events in on countryand in special period needs recognition of contents and the quality of politic –administration structure and drawing policy of cultural and politic activities in thatsociety and in the new politic world and in the geopolitic changed environment thataccompanied by deployment of quick information and relationships that accompaniedby globalization of economic discipline and increasing separate groups of area andglobal and quacking of the ideal nationalism and independence, Federalism can beeffective step in prevention of territory analysis. Now the question is that WhetherChanging the structure of politic in Iraq from Centralism (concentrated) to federalismfor national security of Iran is a opportunity or threat. the hypothesis of this article isthat:It seems that Iran can change the threat to opportunities by thinking about nationalprofits and adopthing useful strategies.

Geography of election is a field of geography with background in European countries from mid of 1910s. Later this field was expanded in 1960s along with little revolution in USA. Geography of election considers condition before and after election; on the other words, it analyzes actors of election through spatial point of view. One of the fields for study on geography of election is study on spatial-local condition of ballot-boxes before election; it was tried in this study to analyze 15th district of Tehran municipality using GIS for 2 cases: first case is relationship between demographic zones and quantity of ballot-boxes and second case is way of access to hospital and clinic in case when unexpected accident is occurred. 15th district of Tehran is one of the 22-fold districts of Tehran metropolitan, located in southeastern of Tehran at entrance gate of old Khorasan road. According to predictions of a universal plan, population of this district will be 942400 people in 2021. Therefore, 15th district is one of the important demographic centers. In regard to such condition, spatial-local analyze of GIS maps is considered in this research which accordingly, relationship between population and quantity of ballot-boxes in districts is not suitable; actually ballot-bases of district is not distributed proportionally considering current population in its areas. Moreover, positions of local hospital, firefighting stations as well as clinics existing in this district are considered in relation to ballot-bases. Condition of mentioned district’s access networks is interested and findings are shown lack of a planned systematic network.

Economics and economic structures is considered as important factor in construction shop and development of human space in geographic trend ,attitude of production, exchange, transformation and consumption of productneeded to humans, space.in very important on factors like, demands, desire, mental be lifsard their be haviors? Weekly marketshave too contiued their life from the past as centers perform essential and needed exvhange.perhops the claim that the weekly market remains from carly human society – is opportune and reliable claim.this article is extracted from the thesis this is produced by helping dr. Masoud Mahdavi, share of influense and around cities, plus other rural areas in the region, lead to supply their goods, products and purchased urban artifact on the other hand, less distance ofrural areas and tolam shahr and also centres of weekly markets rural transport and economic products surplus are consideredas the main factors in switching places of markets.

The identification of the circumstances of the population distribution and its geographical dispersion, in particular between city and village, as well as factors influencing this distribution is necessary for the judicial planning in the country. The economic activities which are divided into three main groups (agriculture, industry and services) are among the numerous factors overshadowing the population distribution. The results of this research show that the activities in the sphere of industry and services have contributed to the concentration of population in the urban areas by creation of job opportunities. The agricultural activities have contributed to the stabilization of the population in the rural areas and the differences of the provinces from the viewpoints of city-dwelling and village-dwelling is somehow due to their difference from the viewpoint of employment proportion in each of the economic activities. Also the change in the proportion of the city-dwelling during 1956 to 2006 results from the changes in the range of employment in the industry and services sectors and changes in the degrees of village-dwelling  has correlation with changes in the proportions of employment in the agricultural activities.

The most problem, must be considered in the watershed reclamation is priority of type and amounts of difficult in the each of sub basin in the watershed. In the watershed to depend on characteristics, such as geology layers erodibility, high slope, un prosivity of facies and un natural factors such as way of land use and… some problems such as soil erosion, flood happening and… existed. Therefore in this research with using of MPSIAC model the amount of spatial sediment, with using of regional flood analysis, the amount of runoff, the amount of agricultural land for unnatural and human factor and in the end, flood coefficient in each of sub basins in the Maroof watershed considered. Then for each of factors average and standard deviation earned and normalized figures, then with earned matrices, the amount of important of each criteria in sub basins was earned quantitative. In the end with summation of total range variation in each of sub basins, amount of quantities importance of factors determined and reclamation and prevention plan in total area in four priorities earned. So the first priority (importantly) relevant to M3-1 and M3int sub basins and final priority (importantly) relevant to M1 sub basin.It seems that Iran can change the threat to opportunities by thinking about national profits and adopthing useful strategies.

The city of Bandar Abbas is considered to be as the most important city in south of Iran. witch is strong political role in Hormozgan Province. According to the Intest used census the population of Bandar Abbas is estimated to be about three hundred and thirty thousands. This mean that the population of the city in the last fifty years shows an average growth of 6.3% and has grown 21 times. With regard to the estimation done almost tow fifth of the population in the city and a least 30% of the structural formal of the city is occupied by the uncommon group of people with low income who have a completely different pattern of social living with other common residents Based on both subjective as well as field studies. Carried out the informal living areas for the uncommon group with low income in Bandar Abbas city are divided in to ten different districts. For this purpose a questionnaire made and distributed among 1200 people who live in the boundaries of these ten districts within different parts of the city, this was done according to random sampling (RPS) which was finally analyzed and the areas in mind were ranked according to poverty indexes and a number of solutions for the renewal of the slums concerned were offered.

Concerning the drought being experienced recently and its effect on planning, and economical, agricultural fields and the demands on predicting and applying different models for decision making, Markov Chains model was applied in Khorasan at Mashhad , Torbat Heydarieh , Birjand and Bojnord stations . This model studies the phenomena which depend on the previous ones. Here, we have studied the possibility of the occurrence of dry and wet days ( wetness threshold of 0.1 mm) , the cold days   ( below ) and warm days ( above 25C) . Finally , two analyses were done using Markov Chains model. Also, for predicting 1 to 10 day  periods , Xn=Pn-1 × q from statistical distribution was applied and the data was presented in the form of equiprobable maps . To analyze the provided data and maps , SPSS and SURFER softwares were applied .