نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 16 (زمستان 1386)

In this essay in order to done studies and new observation will discuses to stability of wind accumulate morphs in lut plain. The activity of wind morphs in comparison together can be different due to their nature. In this essay discus that lut plain Barkhans due to their condition and nature are more active than other morphs. So, they have more unstable ability. This essay is based on comparative method in nature of morphs, and has prepared with using of 1/100000 land set images, 1/50000 topography maps,1/100000 geology map, wind-gauge data of region stations and 1/5500 air photo. Its analysis is based on some observations in Google Earth and local observations. In this essay are emphasized 4 types of morphs including: Barkhans, length duns, wide dunes and Ghourd which are abundant in lut plain, and in images scale and used pixels.   The vast part of  west section in east mountain of lut plain (the east part of central lut plain) and south and south-west of this plain is covered differently by wind sand, this morphs have different high. The high of Ghourds (from floor)  are about 475m. Sand duns almost have very slope head-line over the less slope, and it is indication for changing role of present winds. Between the some sand duns, specially in Ghourds, the seasonal water-remains are increasing. This increas show that sand duns in its floor also are affected by seasonal sub-surface flows. Where the Barkhans have been accumulated, erosion surface not seen on the Barkhans how had been cut it and the affect of seasonal water-remains there isn’t in the base-level, and even in some parts, Barkhans formed on the aged erosion valleys, that is, they prepared the wind cycle surface (aged erosion-new accumulation).So, presents the newer activity, and based on and by attention to criterions which presents in the essay text, in comparison with Ghourds, length and width, duns Barkhans are more unstable.

Talesh mountains because of being located near caspian sea is one of the humid areas of iran, this charactristic due to the climatic changes followed by predominance of glacial and interglacial periods during the quaternary has led to dominance of different erosion realms in different altitudes of these mountains. The most important legacg of these changes in the Neor trough include :lake terraces, lake sediments ,alluvial fan,and fault trough,which are affected by nivation process during the cold seasons and by are eroded by fluvial during warm seasons. In this paper we will study the geomorphological evidence for identification and reconstruction of paleoclimate in Neor basin.

In order to understand the role of pressure systems on the precipitation of the Caspian coastal lands, daily precipitation data of the weather stations of the area were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of Islamic Republic of Iran for the period 1986-2003. Using Cluster Analysis the study area was divided into three distinct regions on the basis station’s precipitation variables. In each region the daily rainfall runs of 2 days length and more were determined. For each rain run a representative run was selected. For each of these selected runs the weather maps of surface and 500 hPa levels were analyzed. On the basis of this analysis the main and dominant pressure patterns of the rain days were defined. The results of the study showed that the western migratory high pressure systems are the main cause of the coastal areas precipitation. This study did not find any significant role for the ever accepted Siberian High pressure in the area’s precipitation.

Summary: Due to strategic and geo-economic importance, Persian Gulf has been taken into consideration of powerful countries all over the history. Nowadays, in the Persian Gulf area, Iran is potentially one of the fifteen powerful countries in the world. Having all characteristics of power including: vast territory, deep strategic, natural resources, suitable population, special geopolitics situation and history, national identity, rich literature and active people. Since effectiveness of national power characteristics on foreign politics involves software aspects and continued international communication all over the world, inattention to this important point caused this country to increase prices and reduce national and local interests respect to lack of suitable situation in the new lineup of international system. On the other hand, wide and strategic relations of the neighbors with west on the Persian gulf area caused unusual local relations for Iran and influenced by west interactions. Respect to technological changes and need to accompaniment with it in the new social conditions of Iran, this current has become the most important challenge in the foreign politics and national development of Iran.

This paper presents the processes and forms that are shaped in loess deposit in the south and east of Aghband. The study area is the Centre of agriculture of Golestan- province. Therefore the investigation of erosion outcrops such as gully erosion, badland and landslide in the study area is important. Another important processes are  the characteristics of arid and semi arid climate as well as other natural factors involved. Using the laboratory methods which were carried out on soils of the study area has shown that the presence of limestone, silt, clay and gips of the loess- deposit has led to the forming of Gully erosion in arid- central part, piping in semi- arid- part and landslide in humid sourthern part and badland topography in  most parts of northern and southern parts of the study area.

Not Long ago strategies concept embraced as military. Thus now a days strategy doesn't limited only by militarization, it means development manners, similar how to use politics, Economics, military, society and cultural resources. In fact national strategy includes complex vast assessment from technologic resources, national preferences, and geopolitical factors. There are many relations between strategies study and political sciences, it's clear that three studies include strategy Geopolitics and political geography have common. Concepts and similar patterns, as position, distance, space, distribution and composition. Geopolitics view pointers believe : "Political national boundaries access to important sea ways, they emphasis about international lands beside seas. Thus Iran has special physical anthropological position and needs suitable strategy in different levels as national field areas, regional, and international. Because Iran has settles between Caspian sea in north and Persian Golf in south, due to has been necessary making use maritime power with codification navy strategy, consensus and coalition strategy.

The aim of this article is to identify and introduce the places ,attractions and natural potentiality due to attract echo tourists in Shafarood Basin - an area in Rezvanshahr city located in the west of Guilan province in order to promote occupations and development of this area by using of descriptive and analytical method ,library studies, and field observation based upon the maps of topography 1:50000 geology and 1:100000 and air maps and satellite pictures has been done .one of the tourism forms which is developed in recent century is the echo tourism. Because of being the beautiful natural landscapes (Alborz and Talesh mountains, thick mantle of vegetation, Caspian sea, Anzali Talab and etc), about sixty five percent of tourists in the national scale and regional area travel to Guilan province .This basin has stretched about 36000 hektares.It is a mountainous area with an average sea level about 1500 m having cold and mild climate with high humidity and an annually rainfall about 1400 mm. The study results showed that because of the mechanism of elements and process of inside and outside of landscape beauties such as the too steep cliffs(around Genzakhavar, khilga), plenty of springs (Arda, Zendaneh and etc), deep valleys covered with thick vegetation(around Barzakhou and Sadarasar) mountainous waterfalls along the rivers(Miyanrood, Pargam, Khijadara), concave and convex mountain slopes covered with plant vegetation and pasture land (Shafarood, Beren, Dashtdaman), high mountains and rather high mountain (1000 – 2700 m) and the country side areas ( Arde, vaske, Dashtdaman, Zendaneh, Beren ), the thick forest  with rare species of plants( Rashestanhay -e - Lamir ) and interesting and pleasure views of countryside (Roshandeh, Almas, ardah ,Zendaneh and Dashtdaman), The mild summer and snowy winter ,altogether  have provided  fascinating scenes for tourists particularly for echo tourists .       Apart from natural potentiality, locating the areas of this basin along the  Sento (Fuman – Miyaneh) the  being constructed Shafarood dam ( above the main river of the basin) passing the connection route of Anzali – Astara from the end of basin as the man made features  can increase the potentiality of this territory  being studied  to attract the enough tourists.

Besides their responsibilities in the family institution as a mother and wife, the Iranian women play important roles in the economic affairs and in the rural regions in the production affairs as well. Amid this situation, the role of rural women in the production and agricultural activities including plantation, harvesting, animal husbandry and gardening are more noticeable. Furthermore, the role which they play in the family's responsibilities is considerable and perhaps it is more than that of the urban women.    In this article, the socio-economic characteristics of the women in the rural areas of Divandareh town and their share in the family income with regard to the value of the labor force being produced by them in the production activities have been reviewed.   Using a survey method, this study selected 177 sample households on the basis of random sampling out of four various rural districts. Moreover, the collection data was performed by using questionnaire technique and oral interviews.    The finding of this research shows that there is a meaningful co-efficiency between the variable of the women's' labor force value and their share in the household income.