نشریه خانواده درمانی کاربردی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1400)

This study is aimed to determine the structural model of marital commitment based on communication patterns among women: The mediating role of emotional intelligence.

The research method was correlational, and the statistical population included all married women who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2018. Accordingly, the simple random sampling method was chosen randomly to select the counseling centers. Therefore, the city of Tehran was first divided into five regions: north, south, east, west, and center. Afterward, three counseling centers were randomly selected from each region, and 300 women were selected based on Sample Power software. Then Adams & Jones (1997) Marital Commitment Questionnaire, Christensen & Sulawesi (1984) Couples Communication Patterns Questionnaire, and Bar-On (2002) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire were completed, and the data were analyzed using Smart Pls structural equations.

The findings showed that the direct path of the reciprocal constructive pattern (P=0.01, β =0.22) and emotional intelligence (P=0.05, β =0.28) had a significant effect on marital commitment. The indirect path of reciprocal constructive pattern and avoidance pattern mediated by emotional intelligence has had a positive effect on marital commitment.

For the cohesion and creation of a desirable marital relationship, it is possible to improve couples' relationships by strengthening the emotional intelligence of each couple, the type of communication patterns, and the interaction of their psychological elements.

This study was aimed to identify the effect of the consequences of virtual environment on the lifestyle of couples in Shiraz.

This is a qualitative phenomenological research and the study sample included the couples in Shiraz that referred to counseling centers. In this research, the samples reached saturation stage with 11 couples. The tools used in this study included a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by using the analytical model of Streubert and Carpenter (2003).

The damages resulting from the virtual environment to couples' relationships included two main codes: dysfunctional interpersonal patterns and dysfunctional intrapersonal patterns. The main code of dysfunctional interpersonal patterns includes sub-themes of marital problems, extramarital affairs, intimacy reduction, communication problems, and inability to manage conflict resolution. And the main code of dysfunctional interpersonal patterns also includes sub-themes of Internet addiction, inability to control emotions, lifestyle, and uncertainty of values.

The results showed that excessive use of the virtual environment by each couple leads to marital lifestyle, sexual problems, extramarital affairs, reduced intimacy, communication problems, and reduced conflict resolution management.

This study was aimed to study the role of problem solving styles and psychological capital in perceived stress caused by Coronavirus among the women of family.

The research method was descriptive-correlational, and from the statistical population of women in Bandar Abbas, 155 women participated in the study as a sample by using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the Cassidy and Lang (1996) Problem Solving Styles Questionnaire, gLuten & Avolio (2007) Psychological Capital, and Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein (1983) Perceived Stress. Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

There was a positive correlation between the problem-solving styles of helplessness, avoidance, and tendency, and perceived stress, and there was a significant negative correlation between the problem-solving styles of inhibition, creativity, and trust and the perceived stress (p = 0.01). Also, there is a significant correlation between self-efficacy and resilience subscales and perceived stress (p = 0.01). And there is a significant correlation between the total score of psychological capital and the subscales of hope and optimism and perceived stress (p = 0.05). The stepwise regression coefficients showed that inhibition style with a beta coefficient (β = 0.27), creativity style with a beta coefficient (β = 0.24), self-efficacy psychological capital with a beta coefficient (β = 0.20), psychological capital Resilience with a beta coefficient (β = 0.19), and psychological capital of optimism with a beta coefficient (β = 0.17) were able to predict the perceived stress of coronavirus in women.

According to the findings of the study, it seems that the use of emotion regulation strategies and having a sense of meaning in life can reduce the severity of the psychological burden in stressful situations.

The aim of this study was to predict latent marital aggression and fear of intimacy based on self-compassion with the role of mediating guilt in employed married people.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method of collecting descriptive information with correlation method and the statistical population of the study was 10,000 married people working in the Broadcasting Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Tehran. Using Cochran's formula, 350 people Married people were randomly selected as a sample and answered the questions of Reese (2011), Compassionate Fear of Descotner and Tellen (1991), Hidden Communication Aggression Nelson and Carroll (2006) and Tanjeni, Wagner and Gomez (1989). . Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used for analysis.

The results of data analysis showed that between self-compassion on latent aggression was associated with mediated guilt (β = 0.16, P = 0.01) and self-compassion on fear of intimacy mediated through guilt (β = 0.19). P = 0.01 has a significant relationship.

According to the obtained results, guilt can play a mediating role between self-compassion and latent aggression and fear of role intimacy in married people.

This study was aimed to determine the causal relationship between emotion regulation and suicidal ideation mediated by marital satisfaction in earthquake-stricken women.

The research method was descriptive and correlational, and the statistical population included 21988 married women with earthquake experience in Sarpol Zahab city in 2018. In this study, 600 women were selected by simple random sampling method, and they completed the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Grenfsky et al., 2001), Suicidal Ideation (Beck, 1979), and Short Form Marital Satisfaction (Enrich, 1979). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate regression and structural equation modeling with SPSS-24 and AMOS-22 software.

The results showed that the conceptual model of the research had an acceptable fit. In general, in the proposed research model, the results showed that emotion regulation has a relationship both directly and indirectly with suicidal ideation through marital satisfaction in earthquake-stricken women. Also, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between maladaptive emotional strategy and suicide ideation. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between maladaptive emotional strategy and marital satisfaction (P <0.05). This relationship was negative and significant between emotionally adaptive strategy and suicide ideation. And it was positive and significant between emotionally adaptive strategy and marital satisfaction (P <0.05).

According to the results, it can be said that emotion regulation and marital satisfaction are important determinants for suicide ideation in women affected by earthquakes.

This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of couple therapy based on object relationships and compare it with solution-oriented couple therapy on the emotional expression of spouses with marital conflict.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a two-month control and study groups and a statistical population of 192 couples referring to Hekmat and Saadat Counseling Centers in the first six months of 2019. After screening the subjects with King and Ammons (1990) Emotional Expression Questionnaire, 60 couples who got less than 40 scores from the cut-off point were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly placed in the Object Relationship Couple Therapy study groups (10 couples), the solution-oriented couple therapy study group (10 couples) and control group (10 couples) . The first study group received eight 90-minute sessions of Donovan Object Relationship Couple Therapy Intervention (2013), and the second study group received the MacDonald Solution Axis Couple Therapy intervention for eight 90-minute sessions (2007), and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed variance analysis.

The findings showed the effect of object relationship couple therapy intervention on positive emotional expression (F = 114.76, P = 0.001), emotional intimacy expression (F = 228.85, P = 0.001) and negative emotional expression (F = 34.88, P = 0.001). And it showed the effect of solution-oriented couple therapy intervention on positive emotional expression (F = 49.96, P = 0.001), emotional intimacy expression (F = 116.30, P = 0.001), negative emotional expression (F = 16.46, P = 0.004) and the stability of this effect in the follow-up stage.

The results of this study indicate that object relations couple therapy intervention and solution-oriented couple therapy are appropriate methods to increase positive emotional expression and emotional intimacy expression and reduce negative emotional expression in spouses with marital conflict.

This study was aimed to predict the relationship with the spouse based on wisdom and thought control strategies with the moderating role of the dimensions of family relationships (relationship with one's family, relationship with the spouse's family) and triangulation among married women in Kashan.

The research method was descriptive and correlational, and the statistical population included all married women in Kashan. A sample of 210 married women was selected by the convenience sampling method from different areas of Kashan city. The research tools included Ardelt Wisdom Scales (2013), Wells and Davies (1994), Thought Control Strategies, Barnes & Olson (2004) Family Relationships, and Peasant and Yousefi Triangulation (2019). The data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation method and hierarchical regression analysis.

The results of Pearson correlation showed that all predictor and moderator variables have a significant correlation with the factor of relationship with the spouse (P <0.05). Also, the results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that moderating variables of communication neutralize the role of wisdom in the prediction model and change the role of thought control in predicting the relationship with the spouse from positive to negative (from 0.18 = β to β = 0.054) and increase its predictive power.

According to these results, it can be said that communication variables in couple relationships can change the nature of psychological variables. Therefore, the optimal use of wisdom and thought control management among women is not beneficial regardless of family relationships.

This research examined the normative assessment, validity, and reliability of the fathering self-efficacy scale.

The research method was descriptive cross-sectional and type of validation studies. And the statistical population of the study included all fathers with elementary school girls in the academic year 2019-2020 in Shahroud, from which 346 people were selected as a sample group by the multi-stage random cluster sampling. The exploratory factor analysis method was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire by using the principal component analysis, and Cronbach's alpha method was used to assess the reliability. Then, the indicators of confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability coefficients were studied for the selected factors. All statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS software version 25.

The results showed that Bartlett's test of Sphericity test was equal to 2732.1 and significant at the level of P

According to the results of factor analysis, this questionnaire can be used to assess fathering self-efficacy in the community of Iranian fathers.

The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of religious marital satisfaction in the relationship between couples' feeling of happiness with their differentiation of self (DoS) and early object relations. 

The present study was descriptive and correlational with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of couples, who had been living together for 10 years in Tehran in 2020, and we selected 300 individuals by a convenience sampling method and included them in the study. To collect data, we utilized the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) by Skowron (1998), the object relation quality inventory by Bell (1995), the feeling of happiness inventory by Lentz (2010), and the religious marital satisfaction inventory by Rezapour Mirsaleh (2014). We used structural equation modeling to analyze the data. 

The results indicated that all indices of model fit with data had acceptable values ​​(P=0.01). According to the results, the differentiation of self and the quality of object relations had indirect effects on the feeling of happiness mediated by religious marital satisfaction at a low confidence interval of 0.11 and an upper limit of 0.26 at a significance level (P=0.01). 

According to the research results, counselors and psychologists active in the field of marriage can benefit from the present results to improve and enrich the process of education and promote mental health in families.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in improving happiness and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in methamphetamine users. 

The research design was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all married male methamphetamine users who visited public and private medical centers (including outpatient centers and residential centers) in Kermanshah in 2018. Among whom, we selected 30 men as research samples by a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned them to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. We evaluated both groups by the emotional cognitive regulation strategy questionnaire by Garnefski et al. (2001) and the happiness inventory by Argyle and Lu (1990). The experimental group then underwent eight 120-minute sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention by Kabat-Zinn (2004). We analyzed data using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). 

The results indicated the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on components of cognitive-emotional regulation strategies, namely self-blame (p < 0.001, F=25.76), blaming others (p < 0.001, F=22.76), rumination (p < 0.001, F=21.76), positive refocusing (p < 0.001, F=29.71), planning refocusing (p < 0.001, F=27.59), positive reappraisal (p < 0.001, F=26.51), underestimation (p < 0.001, F=21.91), acceptance (p < 0.001, F=20.63), Catastrophizing (p < 0.001, F=29.23), and happiness (p < 0.001, F=86.29), and the stability of the effect was in the follow-up phase. 

According to the results, we suggest psychologists and psychotherapists use the results of the present study to increase adaptive-cognitive emotional strategies and happiness and reduce maladaptive emotional cognitive strategies in drug abusers and prevent negative consequences of addiction on the family by using effective approaches and providing health conditions in the family system.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy in improving the time perception of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, and a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all people who visited Shayan Rehabilitation Clinic in 2019-2020. A total of 59 individuals were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants were evaluated with the Conners rating scale- short-revised form (1960), and the theoretical time reproduction test by Mirlou and Asadzadeh (2011). The experimental group received Jackson Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (2018), and another experimental group received Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy by Jafari et al. (2002) in twelve sessions twice a week. Data were analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance.

The results indicated that the mean scores of short time perception (F=4.01, P=0.001) were significantly different between the two experimental groups, and the difference in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group in the post-test was significantly higher than the pre-test and the cognitive-behavioral play therapy, and there was also a significant difference between mean scores of long time perception (F=13.45, P=0.001) in the two experimental groups. The difference in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group in the post-test was greater than the pre-test and the cognitive-behavioral play therapy, and there was a better improvement in the participants, and the difference was also statistically significant (P=0.01).

Given the significant effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and cognitive-behavioral play therapy on time perception of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it is suggested using these two methods to increase the children's health.

The present study aimed to explain the structural relationship between psychological capital and mental toughness and the mediating role of ambiguity tolerance with happiness.

The study had a correlational design, and its statistical population consisted of students of Tehran Azad University, Research Sciences Branch in the academic year of 2020-2021. Among whom, 380 male and female students were randomly selected and responded to the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) by Argyle et al. (1987), Psychological Capital Questionnaire  (PCQ) by Luthans and Avolio (2007), Mental Toughness Questionnaire by Clough et al. (2002), and Ambiguity Tolerance Scale by Baher and Dagas (2002). Data were analyzed using correlation coefficients, and path analysis with SPSS and AMOS.

The results of the Pearson correlation test indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between components of psychological capital (resilience, optimism, hope, and self-efficacy), components of mental toughness (commitment, struggle, restraint, and trust), and ambiguity tolerance with students' happiness (P=0.01). The results of the modeling test indicated that the happiness model was fitted based on psychological capital and mental toughness with an emphasis on the mediating role of ambiguity tolerance. Ambiguity tolerance played a mediating role in the relationship between psychological capital and mental toughness with students' happiness (P=0.01). Based on the modeling results, psychological capital and mental toughness (β= 0.43) could explain 43% of the variance of students' ambiguity tolerance. Furthermore, psychological capital, mental toughness, and ambiguity tolerance (β=0.52) could explain 52% of the variance of students' happiness.

The research results indicated that the level of students' happiness can increase based on positive psychology, and personality traits such as psychological capital and mental toughness, as well as improving appropriate environmental perception by strengthening students' ambiguity tolerance, and taking effective measures towards strengthening happiness and quality of life of students and people in society that are essential due to conditions imposed by the COVID-19 epidemic.