فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات
پیاپی 61 (زمستان 1399)

Cultural Studies A modern theoretical approach to humanities has not been born in the vacuum. This approach, like any theoretical approach, essentially shaped the concept of modernization by criticizing its earlier approaches. British culturalism was the first step in the formation of cultural studies. Culturalization, by criticizing the elitist approach, shaped its new life. Following the contrast between the culturacy and the elitism of this Stewarthal, Trusency would have given this approach a redefinition of the central issues of cohesive cultural studies. Since the main concern of culturalism was to criticize elitism, so, in a positive formulation, there is a lack, and this lack of a new approach, as synthesis Which implies Stuart Hall's conceptions and formations of cultural studies. Stuart Hall presented a comprehensive approach to the study of different layers of culture and the relationship between culture and power, with the creation of a coherent theoretical theory as a culture of culture. By combining French approaches to paying Birmingham's culture and approach, he also made a great contribution to the development of cultural studies. For the same reasons, this article finds its way into the description of the achievement of this privileged position by Stewart Hall. This paper uses the metaphorical approach to the emergence of cultural studies from Marx's recitation of the Hegelian dialectic, the triple antithesis thesis and synthesis. This paper elitistically approaches the thesis of a culture-oriented approach and synthesizes the antithesis and approach of Stuart Hall's cultural studies and examines their contradictions.

The issue of happiness and happy actions in the field of Iranian society has always been discussed. The five basic signs of the Shiite jurisprudential discourse that are associated with happy and festive actions are music, dance,drinking,men-women relationship,and game and gambling.Since Iranian television has a special status in the tripartite relationship among religion, government,and the media,a discursive look at the state of happiness in holiday programs can shed light on the relationship between the discourse of happiness and the social sphere.First, to determine the general structure of the distribution of programs on television, the question arises:during the days when official culture introduces as a time of happiness, what is the quantitative structure of the distribution of television programs and how does television happiness occur?Using this analysis, the typology of happy day programs on television is determined and, in addition,it clearly shows the specific diversity of the subgroups of public affairs and religion.An important feature of this TV program arrangement is the connection between the subject of religion and music.If televisions are divided into commercial and non-commercial types, the arrangement of Iranian television programs during the holidays is highly polarized. Public affair programs and political programs are more competitive with traditional happiness programs than any other.This analysis also to some extent shows that some signs of happiness in television programs are controlled and then systematically eliminated.

Quality of life is a complex and multidimensional concept that is measured as an indicator for the development of countries and is one of the foundations of policymaking and macro-planning for countries.Women in developing countries have traditional roles because of their role, Experience a lower quality of life.The quality of life for women and their promotion is of paramount importance as they make up about half of the population and play a central role in educating the next generation of communities.The aim of this study was to identify the quality of life of female artists,its influencing factors and life satisfaction.In this study, a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) was used. In the qualitative method, 32 interviews were conducted and the results showed that artistic activity produced a number of objective and subjective variables and these variables, as influential and positive factors, play an important role in assessing and meeting the basic needs of people's lives, resulting in a sense of satisfaction and satisfaction.Improve the quality of life. According to the results of the qualitative part, 270 questionnaires were completed which showed that the mean of the total effect index (mental, cultural, economic and social) of the artistic activities of these women was 60.48 out of 100 and their quality of life in physical health dimensions.Psychology, social relationships and the environment are above average. The psychological, cultural, economic, and social impacts of women's artistic activities have resulted in a variety of needs, resulting in a different quality of life for other women

The purpose of the present article is to identify the conditions for the study of PrayerHealing and Divination among educated women in Rasht based on their lived experience and narrative.. For this purpose, qualitative method by application of grounded theory were used to data analyze.Information was collected using semi-structured interview technique and purposeful sampling. collected by semi-structured interview techniques and purposive sampling. Selection of 16 interviewees continued until theoretical saturation. After analyzing the data, 66 concepts and 16 major categories, and ultimately 9 final categories were deduced. The findings indicate that socialization, terrestrial and other-worldly culture, psychological tendencies, divination and pray healing modernization and the role of reference group serve as the conditional categories. In this category, action space and tricks and techniques are two interactive categories. Problems and some potential damages are the most important consequence of going to places of prayer and forgery. Finally, extracted issues were placed in relation to each other, and The core category emerged as "helplessness and Supernatural Beliefs "

Socratic Questioning is a systematic questioning that can be used to explore complex ideas, multiple goals, reach the truth of things, solve problems, identify assumptions, analyze concepts and specify what we know and what we do not know. The distinction between Socratic questioning and ordinary questioning is that Socratic questioning is methodical, systematic and deep and is also focused on the underlying concepts, principles, theories, topics, and problems. In digital game designing, children and adolescents can be trained the process of reasoning and evaluating thoughts of other people and how to think through the use of Socratic questioning and critical thinking tools, and exploration. In this study, due to the topic, a researcher-made questionnaire is made by data using a quantitative method, , and a questionnaire based on grounded theory or grounded theory of coding and coding of interviews. The statistical society is consisted of children and adolescents aged 10 to 12 years and 12 to 14 years old. The researcher interviewed and distributed a questionnaire and analyzed their critical behavior in the digital game of Clash of Clans and also in the next section of this paper, the results of deep interviews with university professors have been explored. Thus, in the paper, we concluded that in digital games, it is necessary to pay attention to critical thinking components in order to develop children's and adolescent questioning ability to solve problems and make decisions.

Female identity and its formation in modernity era is a challenging issue, which has been a subject of many attempts by social science scholars and historians. This paper aims to understand how female identity in Iranian intellectual texts (Persian Constitutional Revolution era until 1st Pahlavi era) has been constructed. Therefore, we aim to answer questions on effective intellectual trends, type of texts used and how intellectuals played role in construction of concept of woman in Iranian society. The research method is representation via analysis of texts and documents remained from this period. The results have shown that Iranian intellectuals of this period focus the modern woman as the "other" and the opposite of the traditional woman by publishing the press, books, novels, poems and literature, play and lecture by denying the tradition, alienating it and also following the western modernity concepts. The efforts made by Iranian intellectuals have played a significant role in the transition of Persian women traditional identity to a modern phase. These endeavors along with the emerging movement of women in the society which has been realized through their social, economic and political participation have resulted in increased knowledge of Persian women. However, it is necessary to note that this modern identity is still in conflict with some aspects of tradition.

This paper studies the effect of dominant and competing discourses in the Value-orientation (1981-1989) on the clothing of women and it`s aesthetic. The paper by applying Laclau and Mouffe and discourse analysis method and Fairclough's critical discourse analysis has analyzed the power institution in the mentioned period and it`s discursive practices to influence on the dress and clothing of women. The way of identification to the women dress based on the definition of articulated signs In the Value-oriented discursive space and the way of applying agenda-setting and exclusion methods has been analyzed. The discursive practices of competing discourse in it`s discursive space are analyzed too. The results show that value-oriented discourse has underlined the women dress aesthetic according to extreme Islamic veil by ideological signs and excluded the competing sub- discourse. Competing sub- discourse insisted on the establishment of women dress aesthetic in moderate Islamic form of veil. The result of this confrontation led to mass orientation of religious- traditionalist women to the extreme Islamic veil and new phenomena like political hijab (veil) and some forms of resistance in women veil.

Oriental despotism along with feudalism, Asian mode of production and patrimonialism are among the theories that try to generalize their general statements to the history of Iran. The origins of these theories are not in Iran and do not address the specific social and cultural issues of Iranian society. Although there are similarities between Oriental despotism and periods of Iranian history, But also there are some issues that are hidden from its view. Especially in the arid and marginal parts of the desert can be found counterexamples. Qanat and Boneh had created different life patterns that the result was a decentralization and dispersion, which is the main idea of Wittfogel in the book of Oriental despotism. In this paper, we will try with use of comparative review of Oriental despotism book from Wittfogel and by using historical sources and anthropological research, to address the agriculture, irrigation practices and traditional construction of coopration in the form of Boneh and its impact on the lives and life of Iranian humans.

This article aims to study how China is represented and how it is constructed as Other in cartoons published by the Western discourse during the Corona crisis. In this study, 45 cartoons have been selected and evaluated and analyzed by social semiotics using three Representational, Interpersonal, and Compositional meanings of Kress and Van Leeuwen. To analyze the research results, labeling theory by Edgar and Sedgwick, representation theory Stuart Hall as well as cultural schema theory have been used. By examining cartoons related to China's role in the corona prevalence, the politics of representation in these cartoons can be divided into two general categories: "the abject other; Representation of the yellow peril" and "the power-hungry other; Representation of the red threat." The cartoons in the first category represent China as the potential enemy and abject other that needs to be trained and followed by the West. In contrast, in the cartoons fall into the second category, China is portrayed as a threat to the world in a way that induces the need for control policies and the preservation of Western hegemony. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the media (here, published cartoons) by reproducing pre-existing stereotypes about China and equating this country with peril and threat, pave the way for people to believe in a negative bias towards China’s issues. This bias can infiltrate intercultural relations through racist actions and even pave the way for possible military confrontations.

Today, jokes have become an important topic for research for reasons such as the multiplicity and speed of application by different segments of the population, the multiplicity and variety of topics, as well as the various functions it can have. Humorous studies observed. Therefore, this study focuses on the content of Iranian written jokes about one of the most unique events that has affected all countries in a global way, namely coronavirus, in order to understand the main themes. Is. In this way, using the method of thematic analysis and until theoretical saturation was achieved, more than one hundred and twenty chronological jokes that have been published in various Internet sites were focused on. The research findings, which can be seen as representing Iranians' reading of their current situation, show that the content of Corona jokes can be found in five pervasive categories, including “critical jokes, family and gender-related jokes, jokes with the individual level, jokes about the social sphere and national jokes”. As it turns out, the summary of the categories of this analysis, which shows the paradigm shift of jokes from gender to criticism, in addition to expressing the importance of conducting socio-cultural studies of jokes in order to observe and understand the reading of society and the need for planning to express it.

The growth of fake news in cyberspace has given renewed attention to the source credibility in modern media and has brought modern humans into the "era of credibility of information" from the "information age". The present study intends to investigate what factors have influenced the source's credibility in the new media, in order to provide a platform for coping with the publication of fake news. To this end, the researcher conducted a semi-structured interview with content producers in the Persian news channels of the TELEGRAM messenger and communications science specialist, and, using the method of Thematic Analysis, 36 items were cited based on the statements presented in the interviews, Identify and categorize them in six main categories. The sample size used for the interview is 25 people. Major categories include "evolution in the concept of information credibility", "Commodification of news and advertising", "the decline of social responsibility and professionalism," "the new approach to the production of style and content of news," "change In the news values "and" Changes in the traditional concept of the gatekeeping of news ", was obtained in the direction of the research. It has been suggested that media policymakers, while upgrading the user / audience media literacy,

Today, cultural industries are known as a leading sector in economic growth, employment, and trading. Therefore, financing and investing in cultural industries are specifically important for developing countries. Due to its long production chain from creating a movie to its screening, the film industry requires a great amount of investments and a large number of professionals. France is one of the major and most successful countries in the film industry with a history of governmental support. In addition, France's film industry is an interesting case due to using a variety of financing methods to improve national cinema and cultural diversity. In this regard, the present paper investigates the effect of specialized financial institutes (SOFICA) on foreign direct investment in the cultural sector of France using the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) method for the time of period 1987-2016. The results indicate that specialized financial institutes has a significant and positive effect on FDI in the film industry. In addition, the movie theater attendance, intellectual property, and financial development positively influence attracting FDI in the France's film industry; while government size and exchange rate have a significant and negative and effect.